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1、BR_mainWarm-upExercisesBackgroundInformationB R _ Warm-up Exercises _ listWarm-up Exercises Journey on the Paper Brainstorming CloneB R _ Clone _ listCloneNewsDiscussion Ads DesigningB R _ Background Information _ listBackground Information Stephen Hawking Albert Einstein Frankenstein B R _ Stephen
2、_ listStephen Hawking Brief Introduction to Stephen HawkingChronology of Stephen Hawking Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking B R _ Albert Einstein_ listAlbert Einstein(18791955)Monologue of EinsteinAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of RelativityAlbert Einsteins General Theory of Relativity B R _ Fran
3、kenstein _ listFrankenstein A General IntroductionA Clip in the Novel Frankenstein B R _ Journey on the Paper 1 Now lets go on a journey through the most spectacular 100 years in the history of science and technology to have an overview of how our understanding of the world has grown from 1900 to to
4、day.Journey on the Paper B R _ Journey on the Paper 2 MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH Medicine and Health1900:Patients battle illness,while doctors can do little more than counsel(劝告劝告)and comfort them and keep them clean.Today:Doctors treat and often cure patients with a vast array(一大批一大批)of medicines an
5、d medical technologies,but some diseases are still incurable.B R _ Journey on the Paper 3 MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE Physics and Astronomy 1900:The Milky Way galaxy(星系星系)(including some unexplained nebular clouds(星云星云)is the known universe.Newtons laws explain the physical world.Matter is composed of
6、 atoms.B R _ Journey on the Paper 4Today:The Milky Way is just one galaxy among countless millions we have observed in the universe.There is no set of laws that explains all phenomena in the physical world,although there are many theories.Atoms are composed of many subatomic particles,all of which d
7、erive from(来自于来自于)energy.MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE Physics and Astronomy Today:Mental illness can be treated with a range of therapies(治疗治疗)and medications.We know a great deal about the chemistry and the parts of the brain that control our behavior and thoughts.B R _ Journey on the Paper 5RESEARCH
8、INTO OURSELVES Human Behavior1900:There is no cure for the mentally ill,who are confined to insane asylums(精神病院精神病院).“Mind”and“body”arethought of as two separate things.B R _ Journey on the Paper 6FASTER,CLOSER,BETTER Technology1900:The only way to view the Olympic Games in Paris is in person.News a
9、bout the Games travels to America via(通过通过)telegraph and is printed in newspapers.Today:Millions worldwide watch the 2008 Beijing Olympics on television,transmitted instantaneously(瞬间瞬间地地)by satellite.The news spreads as well by radio,newspaper,and the World Wide Web.B R _ Journey on the Paper 7ORIG
10、INS Earth and Life Science1900:There is no good explanation for catastrophic events such as earthquakes.The Earth is thought to be a mere 50 million years old,and the evolution of species is hotly debated.B R _ Journey on the Paper 8Today:The plates(板块板块)that make up the Earths crust(地壳地壳)move over
11、time,causing earthquakes and volcanoes.The Earth is known to be 4,500 million years old.The genetic code of DNA,which drives evolution,is better understood every day.ORIGINS Earth and Life ScienceB R _ BrainstormingBrainstorm some of the scientific and technological inventions.geneticengineering cel
12、l phonee-mailclone nuclear weapons laptop(笔记本电脑笔记本电脑)nanotechnology(纳米技术纳米技术)B R _ Discussion Discussion Do all these inventions always change our lives for thebetter?Give examples to explain your opinion.B R _ newsNewsNews 1In Feb.1997 News 2 In Apr.1998News 3 In Feb.2003B R _ news _ script 1 In Fe
13、bruary 1997 a group of geneticists(遗传学家遗传学家)led by Ian Wilmut at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh,Scotland,announced that they had cloned a sheep from the mammary gland tissue(乳腺组织乳腺组织)of a six-year-old ewe(母羊母羊),the first time scientists have been able to clone an adult mammal(哺乳动物哺乳动物).B R _ news
14、 _ script 2 Dolly,the first-ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell,with her first lamb,named Bonnie,is seen at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh,Scotland in this image on April 23,1998.Dolly,who was naturally mated at the end of last year with a Welsh Mountain ram(公羊公羊),gave birth
15、to Bonnie on April 13,proving that despite her unusual origins,she is able to breed normally and produce healthy offspring.B R _ news _ script 3 Dolly,the sheep,the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell,has been put down after she was found to have a lung disease,the Roslin Insti
16、tute in Scotlands capitalEdinburgh said on Feb 17,2003.“She was suffering from an incurable disease,”said Dr.Harry Griffin,after Roslin released a statement saying the decision had been taken to put Dolly down after she contracted(感染感染)progressive lung disease.B R _ DiscussionDiscussionWhat is your
17、attitude towards clone?Clone is a member of a group of organisms or plants produced non-sexually from one ancestor.The suggested ethical and practical arguments both for and against cloning：For:Against:B R _ Discussion _ for1.Technology is not well developed.It has a low fertility rate(出生率出生率).In cl
18、oning Dolly,277 eggs were used,30 started to divide,nine induced pregnancy,and only one survived to term(临产临产).2.Clones may be treated as second-class citizens and the unknown psychosocial harm with impacts on the family and society.3.Loss of genetic variation.B R _ Discussion _ Against1.Animals fro
19、m endangered species could be cloned to prevent extinction.2.Cloning would be a good source for organ and bone marrow(骨髓骨髓)transplants.3.Sterile(不育的不育的)couples will be able to have offspring who will have either the mothers or fathers genetic pattern.Ads DesigningUse attention-grabbing images and sn
20、appy(简洁简洁)yet informative language in your ads.You might find models of such images and language in other public service advertisements,such as (A few good examples can be found at and.)Decide for yourself which side of the issue to support and then plan a public service advertisement campaign for o
21、r against cloning.1.2.the ones that discourage people from smoking.B R _ Ads DesigningB R _ Ads Designing _ picture 1smokingB R _ Brief Introduction to Stephen HawkingBrief Introduction to Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking(1942):British theoretical physicist and mathematician B R _ Chronology of Stephe
22、n Hawking 1Chronology of Stephen Hawking 1942 1958 1962 Born in Oxford,England.Entered and became especially interested in thermodynamics(热力学热力学),relativity theory,and quantum mechanics(量子力学量子力学).Received a bachelors degree in physics and then enrolled as a research student in general relativity at
23、the .Oxford University University of CambridgeB R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 21966 Earned his Ph.D.degree at the University of Cambridge.Stayed at the University of Cambridge to do post-doctoral research.Diagnosed as having Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化).“I am quite of
24、ten asked:How do you feel about having ALS?The answer is,not a lot.I try to lead as normal a life as possible,and not think about my condition,or regret the things it prevents me from doing,which are not that many.”B R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 31977 1979 Became a professor of physics.Appointe
25、d Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge,a post once held by Isaac Newton.This is a picture of Stephen Hawking,“Isaac Newton”and“Albert Einstein”.B R _ Chronology of Stephen Hawking 41988 19931996 Published his famous book A Brief History of Time:From the Big Bang to Black Holes.Wrote Black
26、Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays.Co-authored a book with Sir Roger Penrose titled The Nature of Space and Time.B R _ Oxford University _ pictureOxford University Chronology of Stephen Hawking B R _ University of Cambridge_ pictureUniversity of CambridgeChronology of Stephen Hawking B R _ Ma
27、in Achievements of Stephen Hawking 1Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking singularityA point in space-time at which the space-time curvature(曲率曲率)becomes infinite.misuse v.误用，错用误用，错用turn out 结果是结果是manner n.方式，风格方式，风格entropy n.熵，热力学概念。熵，热力学概念。fatal a.重大的，致命的重大的，致命的motivate v.激发激发irritation n.愤怒愤怒B R _
28、 Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 2black hole A region of space-time from which nothing,not even light,can escape.Nothing can escape because gravity is so strong.With the help of the following words and expressions,listen to a recording of more information on black hole.object n.物体物体emit v.放射，吐露
29、放射，吐露the event horizon 事件视界，即黑洞的边界事件视界，即黑洞的边界B R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 3A Brief History of TimeOne of his books to make his work accessible to the public.B R _ Main Achievements of Stephen Hawking 4Medal of Freedom By their very definition,black holes are objects which are not suppo
30、sed to emit anything.It therefore seemed that the area of the event horizon of a black hole could not be regarded as its entropy.In fact in 1972,I wrote a paper on this subject with Brandon Carter and an American colleague Jim Bardeen.We pointed out that,although there were many similarities between
31、 entropy and the area of the event horizon,there was this apparently fatal difficulty.I must admit that in writing this paper I was motivated partly by irritation with Beckenstein,because I felt he had misused my discovery of the increase of the area of the event horizon.However,it turned out in the
32、 end that he was basically correct,though in a manner he had certainly not expected.B R _ black hole _ scriptB R _ Medal of Freedom _ script Persistent in his pursuit of knowledge,Stephen Hawking has unlocked new pathways of discovery and inspired people around the world.He has dedicated his life to
33、 exploring the fundamental laws that govern the universe,and he has contributed to some of the greatest scientific discoveries of our time.His work has stirred the imagination of experts and lay persons alike.Living with a disability and possessing an uncommon ease of spirit,Stephen Hawkings attitud
34、e and achievements inspire hope,intellectual curiosity,and respect for the tremendous power of science.B R _ Monologue of Einstein 1Monologue of EinsteinAlbert Einstein(18791955)B R _ Monologue of Einstein 2 I was born in Ulm,Germany in 1879.As you may know,1905 was a big year for me.Thats when I tu
35、rned the world upside down,at least for scientists,with several new ideas.I proposed that space and time had to be looked at in a whole new way that Newtons view of space and time was inaccurate.These ideas became known as the special theory of relativity and introduced the equation E=mc2.Ten years
36、later I presented the general theory of relativity.The general theory showed that gravity is not a force,as Newton had thought.It is instead a curvature(曲曲率率)of the space-time continuum.B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1)Which of the f
37、ollowing does not change according to Einstein?_A.TimeB.MassC.Speed of lightD.Length Listen to the recording and choose the best answer.Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1)Which of the following does not change according to Einstein?_B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1AA
38、A.TimeB.MassC.Speed of lightD.Length B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1BAlbert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity1)Which of the following does not change according to Einstein?_BA.TimeB.MassC.Speed of lightD.Length B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1CAlbert E
39、insteins Special Theory of Relativity1)Which of the following does not change according to Einstein?_CA.TimeB.MassC.Speed of lightD.Length B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 1D1)Which of the following does not change according to Einstein?_DA.TimeB.MassC.Speed of lightD.Length Alber
40、t Einsteins Special Theory of RelativityB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 22)The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A.speedB.colorC.massD.motionB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 2A2)The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A
41、.speedB.colorC.massD.motionAB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 2B2)The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A.speedB.colorC.massD.motionBB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 2C2)The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A.speedB.co
42、lorC.massD.motionCB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 2D2)The two spaceships mentioned are exactly alike except for _.A.speedB.colorC.massD.motionDB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 33)What does the scientist in the spaceship measure?_A.The speed of the spaceship.B.T
43、he time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C.The speed of the other spaceship.D.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3A3)What does the scientist in the spaceship measure?_A.The speed of the spaceship.B
44、.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C.The speed of the other spaceship.D.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.AB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3B3)What does the scientist in the spaceship measure?_A.The speed of the spaceshi
45、p.B.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C.The speed of the other spaceship.D.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.BB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3C3)What does the scientist in the spaceship measure?_A.The speed of the space
46、ship.B.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C.The speed of the other spaceship.D.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.CB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 3D3)What does the scientist in the spaceship measure?_A.The speed of the sp
47、aceship.B.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the spaceship.C.The speed of the other spaceship.D.The time needed for a beam of lights travel in the other spaceship.DB R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 44)What did the scientist in the red ship see or conclude?_A.His beam of
48、 light does not appear to go straight up.B.The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.C.Time passed more slowly in the red ship.D.The blue ship is shorter than the red one.B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 4A4)What did the scientist in the red ship see or conc
49、lude?_AA.His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.B.The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.C.Time passed more slowly in the red ship.D.The blue ship is shorter than the red one.B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 4B4)What did the scientist in the
50、red ship see or conclude?_BA.His beam of light does not appear to go straight up.B.The beam of light in the blue ship appears to come straight down.C.Time passed more slowly in the red ship.D.The blue ship is shorter than the red one.B R _ Albert Einsteins Special Theory of Relativity 4C4)What did t