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1、IMPROVING SUPERVISION OF MICROFINANCE THROUGH PARTNERSHIP MODELS通过合作模式改进小额信贷监督机制通过合作模式改进小额信贷监督机制JOSELITO S.ALMARIODepartment of Finance,Republic of the Philippines菲律宾共和国财政部24 March 2006 2006年3月24日PRESENTATION OUTLINE陈述要点The Past过去The National Credit Council国家信贷委员会What were done做过些什么The National Stra
2、tegy for Microfinance国家小额信贷战略Regulatory Framework for Microfinance小额信贷的调整框架Important Lessons重要收获THE PAST 过去 Absence of a comprehensive government policy on credit 缺少信贷的综合政府政策 Proliferation of subsidized government directed credit programs(DCPs)政府直接信贷补助项目的扩张 Weak private sector participation in credi
3、t delivery due to extensive government competition 因为政府大范围的竞争，私人部门在信贷方面的参与度较低THE PAST 过去Fiscal losses due to low repayment rates of DCPs政府直接信贷补助项目的低回报率造成的财政损失Lack of access by the poor from formal credit贫困人口缺少进入正轨信贷的渠道Unsustainable private financial institutions dependent on government cheap funds政府
4、廉价资金导致非可持续发展的私人金融机构THE BEGINNINGS.开端Feedback/studies show that government directed-credit programs(DCPs)are ineffective and inefficient反馈与研究均显示国家直接信贷计划的无效与不足A broadA broad-based private multisectoral group(Social Pact on Credit)calls for credit policy reforms一个包含广泛的私人多部门团体（信贷社会协议）要求信贷政策改革The Pact be
5、came part of the Social Reform Agendathe governments blueprint to address poverty这个协议成为了社会改革日程中的一部分政府着手解决贫困的蓝图To meet the challenge,the President created the National Credit Council(NCC)in October,1993总统在1993年10月创立了国家信贷委员会以应对挑战THE NATIONAL CREDIT COUNCIL国家信贷委员会Composed of nineteen(19)representatives
6、 with the Department of Finance as Chairman由19个代表和财政部组成主席团Government Regulatory bodies,financial institutions and line agencies involved in credit delivery政府机构改革，金融机构和相关中介机构被纳入了信贷发放体系Private-sector associations representing,among others,banks,cooperatives and NGOs 银行、合作社与非政府组织之外，又组建了私人部门联盟NCCS OBJEC
7、TIVES国家信贷委员会的目标Rationalize government directed credit programs(DCPs)合理化国家直接信贷项目Develop alternative credit delivery mechanisms to involve greater private sector participation发展多样信贷发放机制以促进更多的私人部门的参与Create a conducive credit policy environment创造一个有益于信贷的政策环境WHAT WERE DONE 取得的成就Complete inventory of all
8、DCPs implemented by Government完成了政府执行的直接信贷项目的总量Series of credit policy-related studies including an evaluation of the programs完成了一系列与信贷政策相关的研究包括对整个项目的评估Workshops,meetings and dialogues with key stakeholders from the private sector to validate the findings and recommendations 与私人部门的利益相关者举办研讨会，会议和对话AN
9、D,WITH STRONG PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT.而且，有了私人部门的高度参与The National Strategy for Microfinance was formulated in 1997 1997年小额信贷的国家战略得到了明确A vision of a strong and viable private microfinancial market强大且稳固的私人小额信贷市场Four(4)basic credit policy principles四个基本信贷政策原则A microfinance framework and an identified
10、 action plan一个小额信贷的框架和一个明确的行动计划WITH THE STRATEGY 在这个战略之下Four(4)legislative laws were passed通过了四项法律One(1)Executive Order was issued颁布了一条行政命令More than 10 BSP Circulars were enunciated下发了10多个BSP通知Three(3)government agency circulars were approved 核准了三项政府机构通知GFI operating manuals were amended修订了GFI工作指南A
11、Regulatory Framework and a Uniform Set of Performance Standards for all MFIs were established建立了针对所有小额信贷机构的规制框架和一系列统一的操作标准THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR MICROFINANCE小额信贷的规制框架BASIC PREMISES基本前提Deposit-taking institutions are subject to prudential regulation and supervision储蓄机构受到了谨慎的管制与监督Microfinance NG
12、Os that collect savings will be encouraged to transform into banks or cooperatives subject to prudential regulation and supervision鼓励接受储蓄资金的小额信贷非政府组织转型为银行或合作社，并进行严格的管制与监督Microfinance will be streamlined within banking operations小额信贷以银行化操作改进自身Banks engaged in microfinance will continue to be regulate
13、d and supervised by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas taking into consideration the unique peculiarities of microfinance activity考虑到小额信贷活动的特性，有小额信贷业务的银行将继续受菲律宾中央银行领导及监管THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR MICROFINANCE小额信贷的规制框架THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR MICROFINANCE小额信贷的规制框架The Cooperative Development Author
14、ity is the government regulatory authority for credit cooperatives.合作发展局是政府管治合作社的主要权利机关Supervision and examination of cooperatives will be undertaken through partnerships with deputized cooperativefederations and unions对合作社的监管与检查主要通过合伙企业和信用社联盟来实施THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR MICROFINANCE小额信贷的规制框架Micr
15、ofinance NGOs will be required to regularly submit basic information on their activities to the Securities and Exchange Commission for transparency小额信贷非政府组织被要求定期提交有关他们活动的信息给安全委员会以达到公开透明The Microfinance Council of the Philippines,the largest private sector network of microfinance institutions in the
16、country,will be the repository of information for non-regulated NGOs.菲律宾小额信贷委员会作为国家最大私有小额信贷部门的网络将成为管治非政府组织的智囊团IMPORTANT LESSONS重要的经验Strong private sector collaboration from the onset is imperative to push for critical reforms从最初就开始与私人部门强有力的合作是推动改革所必须的A credible,independent body with PRIVATE multi-se
17、ctoral representation is an effective venue/fora for continuous policy dialogues 包涵私人多部门代表的一个可靠的、独立的机构对于持续的政策对话是一个有效的对话平台Private sector ownership of the reforms can ensure continuity私人部门的所有权改革保证了可持续性Institutionalization of the reforms through legislation and executive fiat can mitigate policy reversals通过立法与行政许可规范化改革能够减轻政策的反复 TO PROVIDE THE POOR GREATER ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES,GOVERNMENT SHOULD PROVIDE THE APPROPRIATE ENABLING POLICY ENVIRONMENT TO STRENGTHEN THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN THE DELIVERY OF MICROFINANCIAL SERVICES TO THE POOR 为了给贫困人口提供更好的进入金融服务的渠道，政府需要提供切实可行的政策环境以促进私人部门对贫困人口小额贷款的发放