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1、名词语法脉图名词的数-国家、地名、人名 团体机构名称动词变名词的后缀形容词变名词的后缀-S所有格of所有格双重所有格可数名词的复数 不可数名词个体名词（可数） 集体名词（可数广 抽象名词（不可鲂 物质名词（不可数）e高频考点突破考点1名词的数1 .可数名词的复数规则变化II .语法填空情况方法例词一般情况加一Sstudents， teachers, doctors, tables以 s, x, ch, sh结尾加一esglasses, dishes, boxes, watches, 但 stomach 复数A high school history teacher once told us,
2、“If you make one close friend in school, you will be most lucky. 1. true friend is someone who stays with you for life. Experience showed that he was right.Good 2.(friend) are just not easily formed.To most of us, friendships are thought very important, but we need to have the kinds of friendships w
3、e want.Are they to be close or kept at arms 3.(long)? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enough and thats all right.But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our 4. (friend)
4、 expectations.The sharing of 5. (person) experience is the surest way 6. (deepen) friendships.But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are signs of interest and action in return.What are some of the 7. (difficult) in forming friendships? The greatest is to expect too much too so
5、on.Deep relationships take time.Another main difficulty is the 8.(selfish) to think one owns the other, including his time and attention.Similarly, friendships need actions in ret urn. In other words, you must give as much as you take.Finally there is a question of taking care of each other.9. you s
6、pend reasonable time together , talking on the phone ， writing 10.(letter) or doing things together, friendships will die away.【语篇解读】 本文主要讲如何加深友谊（how to deepen friendships）。1. A 由语境可知，此处指类别，泛指“一个”真正的朋友， 故填不定冠词a,另在句首要大写。2. friendships 在句中作主语，用名词形式；根据谓语动词are formed可知，主语应为复数形式，故填friendships。3. length 在
7、名词所有格后，要用名词形式。keep sb at arms length意为“不使自己太靠近某人；与某人保持距离”。4. friends根据语境，应当指“我们的朋友的，故填 friends。5. personal 在名词前作定语，用形容词形式。to deepen 在way后用不定式作定语。6. difficulties 此处用 difficulties 指具体困难。selfishness 在冠词后要用名词。7. Unless 根据“you spend和friendships will die away”两个句 子的逻辑关系可知，应填unless引导条件状语从句。8. letters 名词作宾语
8、。因为是可数名词，且没有限定词，故 用复数。III .写作运用根据汉语提示补全短文，并注意名词的使用Dear Sir or Madam,1. Im one of your customers （我是你的一个顾客）ordered a set of books on your website two weeks ago, but I didnt receive them until yesterdav.2.And to my disappointment （令我失望的 是）， the books were so poorly packed up that3.the cover of one boo
9、k was torn （其中 本书 的书皮 破损了 ）.4.To make things/matters worse（更为 糟糕的 是），it was not a complete set, as I found one book missing.r m sorry to have received such poor service, and I hope that you eitherreturnmymoney5.or deliver a new set of books to me （或者 给我派 送一套新书）.Besides, Td like to be informed of the
10、 process of your dealing with my complaint.Looking forward to your reply.形式直接加s,即stomachs以辅音字母 +y结尾变y为i 再加一 esfamilies, babies, armies, bodies以元音字母 +y结尾加一sboys, toys以f或fe 结尾多变f或fe 为v,再加一esthieves, wives， knives, shelves, lives少数加一sbeliefs, proofs, roofs， chiefs以。结尾通常加一Sradios, videos, zoos, tobaccos
11、有的加一esheroes, potatoes, tomatoes【名师指津】以一o结尾的下列名词要加一es: “黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红 柿”, 即 Negroes, heroes, potatoes, tomatoeso以一f或一fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加一ves: “为了 自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把 狼劈成两半，即 selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves。(2)不规则变化Every possible means has been tried, but
12、none has worked.每种 可能的方式都已经被尝试了，但是没有起作用的。自身变化 的名词child 孩子f children, man 男人f men, tooth 牙f teeth, foot 脚； 英尺 feet, mouse 老鼠一mice, phenomenon 现象 f phenomena, medium 传播媒介f media单复数同Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊；deer 鹿；series 系列；means 方形名词式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果等。其中fish, fruit表 示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes, fruits合成名词so
13、n inlawsons inlaw, passerbypassersby, storyteller f storytellers即时训练1单句语法填空Later, they learned to work with the seasons （season）, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.（2020浙江卷语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study publ
14、ished in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes （cause）. （2018全国卷I语法填空）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese dishes（dish） is seen as especially troublesome. （2018-浙江卷语法填空
15、）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学 界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects（effect） such as overweight and heart disease一the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.（全国卷 I 语法填 空）She has turned down several invitations （invitat
16、ion） to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.（全 国 卷HI语法填空） 2.不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）(1)只用作不可数名词的名词：advice, furniture, fun, information, news, weather, progress, wealth 等。抽象名词具体化：抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念， 转化为具体的动作、行为或类别等概念。单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；
17、慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的人或事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success. 你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。考点2名词所有格1 .一 s所有格：and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时， 要分别在并列名词后加一s或；表示共同的所有关系时，只 在最后一个名词后加一s或。表示店铺、办公室或某人的 家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。T
18、oms and Jims rooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jims room汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间at the barbers 在理发店2 . of所有格：无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关 系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用。f所有格。the content of the novel 小说的内容the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字3 .双重所有格：“名词+of+名词所有格”或“名词+ of+名词 性物主代词”。a play of Shakespeare莎士比亚的一个戏剧a photo of mine我的一张照
19、片即时以练2补全句子Can you give me some advice（给我一些建议）on how to drive a car? We can go to the library or surf the Internet for various/all kinds of information（各种各样的信息、）.The windows of the house（房子的 窗户） were broken during the big storm.考点3动词、形容词与名词之间的词形转换1.动词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词 ion/tion/sion/ationcorrectcorrection
20、改正celebratecelebration 庆祝（活动） attractattraction吸引；有吸引力的人或事物concludeconclusion 结论； 结束 discussf discussion 讨论； 论述decidedecision 决定 admits admission承认； 准许加入 permit-permission 允许，许可 inviteinvitation 邀请 explainexplanation 解释 graduate graduation 毕业 expect expectation 期望 er/ orsail f sailor海员，水手 drivef dri
21、ver司机；驾驶员 gatherf gatherer收集者，采集者 teach - teacher 老师 announceannouncer 广播员 conduct-conductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚 achieve-achievement 成就 argueargument 辩论； 论据 treattreatment 对待； 治疗 equip f equipment 装备； 设备governgovernment 政府 astonishf astonishment 惊奇-ance/enceappear appearance 出现；夕卜貌 guides
22、guidance 指弓 1 ； 指导 performperformance 表演； 表现 existexistence 存在；生存prefer-preference 偏爱 refer-reference 参考，查阅ure/turefailf failure 失败；倒闭 presspressure 压力 departdeparture 离开； 出发 mixf mixture 混合（物）inghearf hearing 听力，听觉 beginf beginning 开始 build-building 建筑-yrecoverrecovery 恢复，痊愈 discover-1discovery 发现
23、scares scarey 害怕2.形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort shortagecyefficient-*efficiency 效率 fluent- fluency 流利 accuratef accuracy 准确性 privatef privacy 隐私domfreef freedom 自 由wise-*wisdom 明智；智慧encedifferent- difference 差异 silent-* silence 沉默evident f evidence 证据nessweakweakness 虚弱； 弱点 kindkindness 仁慈，友好 carelesscar
24、elessness 粗心大意thstrong f strength 力气； 优势 warm warmth温暖；热情y/ ty/-itysafef safety 安全 disablef disability 缺陷；伤残 responsiblef responsibility 责任 honestf honesty 诚实 difficult-* difficulty 困难即时训练3单句语法填空Historical accuracy (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2020新高考卷I语法填空)Filled withcuriosity (
25、curious), the artist packed his bags andleft.(2020全国卷IH语法填空)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020全国卷 H 语法 填空)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition (co
26、mpete)to watch, together with the story behind it. (2019全国卷HI语法填空)Waba stressed that as an educator (educate) it is right to go above and beyond for their students in this tough time.(2020山东省潍坊市高三二模)分层综合演练1. 单句语法填空1. It was a great pleasure for the family to move to a house with a very big garden.2.
27、 . A new collection(collect) of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.3. Handle the most important tasks first and youll feel a real sense of achievement (achieve).4. Recent studies(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.5. I had t
28、o decline Jacks invitation(invite) to his birthday party because it conflicted with an important conference.6. Going to Cambridge University is a dream of mine, for it is one of the top universities (university) in the world.7. . Some organizations/organisations (organize) have begun working hard to
29、 save them.(2021 南宁市高三毕业班适应性测试)8. Reading a book can open the door to a wonderful new world of magic and discovery(discover), which is why people all around the world love to read.(2021深圳市高三第一欠调研)9. . They were tourists(tour) from the inland of the country, and had never seen an American before.(2021 许昌市高三第三次质量检测) 10. Although I have said “Thank you” to them several times, I still think it is not enough to express my deep appreciation(appreciate). (2021 皖南八校高三第三次联考)