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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit12SectionA教材全解Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?Unit 12 Section A教材全解1.go boating去划船 【重点注释】这是“go+doing”结构的短语,类似的还有:go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/camping去游泳/钓鱼/购物/滑冰/野营。2.camped by the lake在湖边野营【重点注释】camp此处作不及物动词,意为“扎营,宿营”,常用短语go camping意为“去野营”,camp out意为“野营;露营”
2、。例如:We camped near the beach.我们靠近海滩宿营。Where did you camp last night?昨晚你在哪里宿营了?They often go camping on summer holidays.他们经常在暑假去野营。I went camping with my friends last Sunday.上星期日我和朋友们去露营了。The students love camping out on summer holidays.学生们喜欢在暑假中露营。【拓展记忆】camp还可作名词,意为“野营,营地“,可构成词组:summer camp夏令营,winte
3、r camp冬令营。例句:Lets go back to the camp.Its getting dark.我们回营地吧。天快黑了。We had a good week at the camp.我们在营地过了愉快的一周。Did you go to summer camp last year?去年你参加夏令营了吗?by the lake在湖边,by此处是介词,意为“在旁边”、“在近旁”、“在手边”,此时要注意它与介词near有所不同,即by表示的距离更“近”。例如:He lives by the sea.他住在海滨。He lives near the sea.他住在离海不远处。【拓展记忆】by
4、表示手段或方式等,注意以下用法:表示“乘”“坐”时,其后接交通工具(如bus,bike,train,plane,car,taxi,ship等)或与交通工具密切相关的名词(如air,water,land,road等),在句中主要用作方式状语,其中通常不用冠词或其他限定词。例如:They came here by bus.他们是坐公共汽车来的。【注意】汉语说“步行”,英语习惯上用on foot,而不用by foot。3.What did you do last weekend,Lucy?露西,上个周末你做什么了?Well,on Saturday morning,I played badminton
5、 bdmintn.噢,在周六上午我打羽毛球了。【重点注释】问句(第一句)是一个含有一般过去时态的特殊疑问句,其构成为:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?其中的助动词did是do的过去式。【注意】句子中用了助动词did后,后面的动词要用动词原形。例如:What did you do yesterday?I went to the hospital.昨天你做什么了?我去医院了。And what did you say?那你说什么了?Where did my children go today after school?我的孩子们今天放学后去哪儿?How did you find the t
6、ime?你是如何挤出时间的?When did you first read his work?你第一次看他的作品是什么时候?【试题链接】What did you do last night?I TV and read books.A.watch B.watched C.have watched D.watching(根据上句中问的是一般过去时,故答语中也要用过去时,保持上下句的时态一致性,故答案为B)last weekend意为“上周末”。weekend为名词,意为“周末”,在5天工作制的国家,指周六和周日;在6天工作制的国家,指星期日。对应词为weekday(可数名词),即上课或上班的日子,
7、通常指周一至周五的时间。On weekends在周末,on weekdays上学的日子,上班的日子。例如:We must go and have a weekend there.我们应当到那里度周末。【拓展】当“last/next/this/that+时间”在句中作时间状语时,其前通常不再用介词。例如:He went to the beach last Sunday.上个星期天他去海滨了。Do we have dinner together sometime this weekend?我们在这个周末的某个时候一起吃饭好吗?Im goint to Beijing this afternoon.今
8、天下午我要去北京。on Saturday morning=on the morning of Saturday.在星期六的上午。表示在具体某一天、某一天的某段时间(上午/下午/晚上),均用介词on。例如:on a sunny morning.在一个晴朗的早上,on a winter evening.在一个冬季的晚上,On the morning of May 1st 在五一的上午/早晨。 .play badminton bdmintn,意为“打羽毛球“,play与球类名词连用,表示”打球,踢球“时,球类运动名词前不加任何冠词和限定词。play volleyball打排球,play footba
9、ll踢足球,play asketball打篮球,play table tennis打乒乓球。例如:I play badminton and tennis there我在那儿打羽毛球和网球。Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?【试题链接】Lets play soccer. I dont have soccer ball.A.不填;a B.the;a C.a;the D.不填;the(play后接球类名词时,球类名词前不加任何冠词或限定词;但若表示某人有一个足球,应用a 修饰。答案:A)【归纳记忆】不用冠词的情况:1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词。England英国,Mar
10、y玛丽。2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可以不用定冠词。They are teachers.他们是老师。3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词。Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定意思时,需要加定冠词。We cannot live without water.我们离开水就无法生存。5)在季节/月份/节日/假日/日期/星期/等表示时间的名词前,不加冠词。We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从周一到周五都上课。6)在称呼或表示官衔、职位的名词前不加
11、冠词。The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名词前,不加冠词。Have breakfast吃早饭,play chess下国际象棋。4.I studied for the English test.我为英语测验(考试)而学习。【重点注释】study for为而学习,for后常接sb./sth.或doing sth;study for the/a test为考试而学习,study for the English/math test为英语/数学考试而学习。例如:I have to st
12、udy for English.我不得不为英语而学习。Im studying for the/a rest.我在为考试学习。We study for our motherland.我们为祖国而学习。We study for knowledge, not for marks.我们为求知而学习,不是为分数而学习。【注意】for的用法:We play basketball for our motherland. 我们为祖国而打球。【辨析】work for为效力,为而工作。例如:My uncle works for the government.我叔叔在为政府工作。Why do you want to
13、 work for him?为什么你愿意为他工作呢? 5.I fed some(sheep/cows)我喂养了一些(绵羊/奶牛)【重点注释】sheep,可数名词,意为“羊,绵羊”,其复数形式与单数形式同形,此处为复数形式,a sheep一只绵羊,many sheep许多绵羊。例如:Im a sheep.Im your mum.我是一只绵羊。我是你妈妈。There are three sheep under the tree.树底下有三只羊。There are some sheep in the yard.院子里有一些绵羊。【拓展记忆】单复数同形的名词还有:deer鹿,fish鱼,Chinese
14、中国人,Japanese日本人。它们作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要视它们在句子中的意义来决定。【试题链接】The often eat grass on the hill.A.children B.horse C.cow D.sheep(此题考查 的可数与不可数。chicken,horse和cow的复数形式应该加-s,而sheep的单复数形式同形,同时动词eat说明应该填复数形式。答案:D)【试题链接】The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many there.A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit(many修饰
15、可数名词的复数形式。bird,duck,rabbit均为可数名词单数形式,sheep的复数仍是sheep。答案:C)6.Who visited her grandma?谁看望(拜访)了她的奶奶? Betty did.贝蒂看望(拜访)了(她的奶奶)。【重点注释】问句中的who是对Betty visited her grandma.中的Betty提问。提问人,常用who。例如:Lily played football for her school.Who played football for her school? She went with her classmates.Who(Whom) d
16、id she go with?答句Betty did.中的did代替问句中visited her grandma,完整的句子是:Betty visited her grandma.。英语中,为了避免不必要的重复,经常用do,does,did,so等来代替前面的动词或相关内容。例如:1)Did Mischa say that?Yes,he did.(did代替said that)米萨说的?是的,他说的。2)Do you like music?No,but my father does.(does代替likes music)你喜欢音乐吗?不,但是我爸爸喜欢音乐。3)Do you think he
17、is clever?I think so.(so代替he is clever)你认为他聪明吗?我认为如此。7.I worked as a guide at the Natural History Museum.我在自然历史博物馆当导游了。【重点注释】as此处用作介词,意思是“作为,当做”。例如:He works as an actor.他是一名演员。As a student,you should study hard for our motherland.作为一名学生,你应当为祖国而努力学习。He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他5年前以游
18、客的身份来过中国。Can I say something to you as a friend?我能以朋友的身份说点忠告吗?【拓展记忆】as还可以作连词,其用法为:1)表示“当时候”,引导时间状语从句。例如:We sing as we go home.我们边回家边唱歌。As I was watching TV,I heard a terrible noise.我看电视时,听到一阵可怕的噪音。2)表示“因为,由于”,引导原因状语从句。例如:We all believe his as he is an honest boy.我们都相信他,因为他是一个诚实的男孩。I cant go with you
19、 as I have too much homework to do today.我不能和你一起去,因为今天我有太多的家庭作业要做。3)表示“像那样,按照”,引导比较或方式状语从句。例如:My bag is as big as yours.我的书包和你的一样大。(as+形容词/副词+as:和一样。例如:He got up as early as I他和我一样起床早。)I cant speak English as well as she does.我说英语不能和她说得一样好。Please do as your teacher says.请按你老师所说的去做。You must do as he
20、said.你必须按照他说的做。【试题链接】 a teacher,John thinks that his main duty is to help the students to become better learners.A.As B.By C.About D.At(句意:作为一名老师,约翰认为他的主要职责是帮助学生成为更好地学习者。as意为“作为”。答案:A)natural形容词,意为“自然的”。例如:The city has a fine natural environment.该市有一个良好的自然环境。【拓展】nature不可数名词,意为“自然界;(大)自然”,在句中不加冠词,且“n
21、”可以大写也可以不大写。例如:Nature does not provide everything we want.自然界并不提供我们所需要的一切东西。【试题链接】They moved out of the city and got back to_. A.the natures B.the nature C.a nature D.nature(句意:他们搬出了城市,回到大自然。nature作为“自然界;(大)自然”讲时,是不可数名词,其在句中不加冠词,且“n”可以大写也可以不大写。答案:D)8.How interesting!多么有趣啊!【重点注释】本句为how引导的感叹句,后面省略了it
22、was.,完整的句子是:How interesting it was!由how引导的感叹句,how意为“多么“,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用连系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!例如:How cold it is today!今天多么冷啊!How nice the pictures are!多么漂亮的图画呀!How happy they look!他们看起来多高兴啊!How well she sings!她唱得多好啊!How fast he runs!他跑得真快呀!H
23、ow hard they are working now.他们现在干得多起劲啊!【拓展记忆】感叹句也可以用what引导,what意为“多么”,用作定语,修饰名词性短语(被强调部分),即“a/an+形容词+名词单数”或“形容词+不可数名词/名词复数”,其结构形式是“What+a/an+形容词+名词单数(+主语+谓语)!”或“What+形容词+不可数名词/名词复数(+主语+谓语)!”。例句:What a hot day it is!多么热的天啊!What a clever girl she is!多么聪明的姑娘啊!What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事呀!W
24、hat bad weather it is!多糟糕的天气呀!What good children they are!他们是多么好的孩子呀!【试题链接】 clever the boy is!A.How B.What C.What a D.How a(句中the boy is是主语和谓语动词,中心词是形容词clever,故需用how引导感叹句。句意:那个男孩多么聪明啊!答案:A)【试题链接】 interesting the storybook is! Yes.I have read it twice.A.What B.What an C.How D.How an(第一句的主语是the storyb
25、ook is,中心词是形容词interesting,故需用how引导感叹句。句意:这本故事书是多么有趣啊!是的,我已经读过两次了。答案:C)9.They have a butterfly house with over 200 kinds of butterflies!他们有一个有200多种蝴蝶的蝴蝶馆。【重点注释】butterflybtfla名词,蝴蝶,复数butterflies。a butterfly house一个蝴蝶馆。with此处表示“带有”或“拥有”,意为“有的,持有,随身带着”。例如:I have a friend with long hair.我有一个长着长头发的朋友。I ha
26、ve no money with me. 我没有随身带钱。He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。We bought a house with a garden. 我们买了一座带花园的房子。China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的大国。over此处相当于more than,在其后加数词时意为“超过,多于”。例如:He is more than 5 years old. 他超过5岁。The river is more than 3,000meteres.那条河有3,0
27、00多米。a kind of 是指很多数量里面的一个,后跟单数名词。kinds of是指一个种类,一个种类里面有很多个数量,跟复数名词。kind of 有一点,有几分。all kinds of 多种多样的,各种各样的。10.I told the visitors about them and their living habits.我向游客讲述蝴蝶及它们的生活习惯。【重点注释】visitor可数名词,意为“游客;访问者”,由动词visit(参观,拜访)加后缀-or构成的名词,复数visitors。例如:He is an English visitor.他是一名英国游客。Today we hav
28、e some visitors in our class.今天有一些客人来我们班听课。【注意】常在“用所给单词的适当形式填空”题型中考查visit与visitor之间的转换。【拓展记忆】一些动词的后面加-er构成名词,表示发出此动作的人,而visitor则是加-or构成名词。1)常见的v+-er构成的名词:player运动员,writer作者,singer歌手,driver驾驶员,teacher教师,worker工人,builder建设者,trainer训练员,learner初学者,runner跑步者,swimmer游泳者。2)常见的v.+-or构成的名词:visitor参观者,invento
29、r发明家,collector收集者/收藏家。tell sb.about sth.告诉某人关于某事。例如:Tell us about your story.告诉我们关于你的故事。Tell us something about yourself.告诉我们关于你自己的故事。The man is telling the police about the accient.这个人正在告诉警察关于事故的事。【注意】tell sb.sth.=tell sth.to sb.告诉某人某事,tell sb.about sth.告诉某人关于某事,两者无太大区别,只是翻译方式不同,或者说前者是双宾语,而后者不是双宾语。
30、例句:Tell me your life=Tell your life to me.告诉我你的生活。Could you tell me something about the Ming Tombs?请告诉我关于明十三陵的一些事好吗?living此处为动词live(活,居住,过着)的动名词形式,表示用途,living habits生活习惯,a living room起居室/会客室/客厅。例如:That is a big living room.那是一间很大的起居室。You have to think of your living habits 你不得不考虑一下你的生活习惯。【拓展记忆】1)liv
31、ing作形容词,意为“活着的”,all living things所有的生物。例如:Is the fish still living?鱼还活着吗?They didnt find any living things on the moon.他们在月球上没有发现任何有生命的东西。2)living作名词,意为“生计,生存之道”,make a living谋生。例如:He made a living by writing.他靠写作谋生。11.Did you have a good weekend?你周末过得愉快吗?【重点注释】have a good weekend意为“周末过得愉快”。【拓展记忆】ha
32、ve a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快,have a good rest好好休息,have a good trip旅途愉快。例句:have a good trip.旅途愉快Thank you(very much).(非常)感谢你。12.Yeah,it was good,but Im kind of tired now.是的,挺好的,但是现在我有点儿累。【重点注释】tired形容词,意为“疲倦的;疲劳的;累的”;be tired of意为“对厌烦”。例如:He looks tired today.他今天看起来很疲惫。They are very tired of him.他们对他厌烦透了。
33、She was tired of watching TV.她看电视看得厌倦了。He went to bed late last night.Now he is very tired.昨晚他睡觉很晚。现在他非常疲倦。【试题链接】Linda felt very after the long way,so she stopped to have a rest.A.surprised B.shy C.tired D.excited(surprised吃惊的,shy害羞的,tired疲劳的,excited兴奋的。由句中after the long way(经过长途跋涉之后)可知,琳达感到非常累。答案:C
34、)13.I stayed up late to watch the soccer game.为了观看足球比赛我熬到深夜/我熬夜看足球比赛了。【重点注释】stay作不及物动词,意为“停留,待”。例如:Its raining outside,so we have to stay at home.外面正在下雨,因此我们不得不呆在家里。I have to stay at home.我不得不呆在家里。stay up late意为“深夜不睡;熬夜”。例如:I stayed up late until two oclock in the morning.我熬夜一直到凌晨两点。Dont stay up lat
35、e.Its bad for your health.不要睡得太晚。那对你的健康不好。【辨析】stay up late熬夜,睡得很晚;stay up熬夜不睡;前者熬到最后还是要睡,后者宁死不睡。stay up doing sth.=stay up and do sth.(doing sth.作状语,表伴随情况)熬夜做某事(已经做了,但没做完,要熬夜继续做)。stay up to do sth.=stay up in order to do sth.(to do sth.表示目的)熬夜做某事(没做,要熬夜去做)。She stayed up reading until midnight.她看书看到半
36、夜才睡。She promised the children they could stay up for(to watch) their favourite TV programme. 她答应孩子们他们可以熬夜看他们最喜爱的电视节目。【拓展记忆】与stay相关的常见短语:stay in呆在家里,stay at home待在家里,stay out待在户外,stay with sb.与某人暂住,stay up熬夜。【试题链接】Dont too late,or youll feel tired tomorrow.A.wake up B.put up C.stay up D.look up(wake
37、up醒来,put up搭起,stay up熬夜,look up仰望,查(字典)。句意:不要熬夜太晚,否则你明天会感到疲倦。答案:C)14.A family of mice were in the kitchen on Saturday morning when they saw a big cat.星期六早上老鼠一家正在厨房里,这时他们看到一只大猫。【重点注释】此处when用作并列连词,连接两个并列句,引导并列分句,意为“这时突然,就在那时”, 强调另一个动作的突然发生。常用于以下句型中:(1)主语 + be doing when意思是“正在做某事这时”;(2)主语 + be about to
38、 dowhen; (3)主语+be on the point of (doing) when意思是“正要去做某事这时”。例句:We were doing our homework when the light went out.(我们正在做家庭作业,就在那时灯熄灭了。One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天,Chuck正在太平洋上飞行,这时他的飞机突然爆炸了。I dont know when he will arrive. 我不晓得他什么时候到达。I t
39、hought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京时的那段快乐日子。I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河边行走,这时我突然听到一个落水男孩求救。I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我刚要离开,这时下雨了。I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完作业,下课铃响了。I was walking alon
40、g the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop. 我正在街上走,这时我看见一家裁缝店。We were about to leave when he came in.我们正要离开,这时他突然来了。【拓展记忆】when还可作从属连词,引导时间状语从句(在句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句),意思是“当的时候”。例如:I could swim when I was six years old.在6岁时我就会游泳。It was raining when we arrived.(我们到达时,天正下着雨。)When he saw her,he w
41、aved.当他看见她时,他摆了摆手。When I was fishing,it began to rain.=I was fishing when it began to rain.当我在钓鱼的时候,天开始下雨了。【辨析记忆】when作从属连词和并列连词的主要区别:(1)从意思来区分,当when作从属连词时,一般解释为“当时”;而作并列连词时,多用于一种突发情况,此时第一个分句一般是背景,第二个分句则是突然,意想不到的情况,或者是过早发生的事情。(2)从时态来区分,作并列连词时,when后面的分句一般是非延续性动词的一般过去时,前面的分句,根据具体的情况,可能是过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成
42、时。从属连词when 引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时,分别说明现在、过去、甚至将来的行为。family为集合名词(也叫集体名词)。当它指家庭成员时,单数形式表示有许多成员,就像people一样,谓语动词用复数形式(即:后面的动词是复数概念,系动词be 用 are, 其它动词不变为第三人称单数),意思是“一家人”。例如:The family often go abroad during summer.这家人常常去国外避暑。His family are waiting for him.他的家人正在等他。(family为家庭成员)。但是,当它指整体概念(即
43、:将这个家庭作为一个整体)时,谓语动词用单数形式,意思是“家庭”。例如:My family was very poor.我家很穷。This family is the poorest one in the whole village.这个家庭是整个村子里最穷的一家。This family is taken as an evil one.这个家庭被视为邪恶之家。(family为一个整体)【辨析比较】The Green family are watching TV now.格林一家现在正在看电视。The Green family is a big family.格林家是个大家庭。mice是mous
44、e的复数形式,意为“老鼠”,是不规则的名词复数变化,a family of mice一窝老鼠。例如:There is a mouse in the house.房屋里有一只小老鼠。Five mice,six mice,seven mice,more mice.五只老鼠,六只老鼠,七只老鼠,更多老鼠。There were three mice in the kitchen.厨房里有三只老鼠。15.Father mouse shouted at the cat,“Woof,woof!” The cat quickly ran away.老鼠爸爸冲着猫大声吼叫“汪汪,汪汪!”猫迅速地跑开了。【重点注
45、释】shout动词,意为“呼叫;喊叫”。shout at sb.意为“冲/对某人大声叫嚷;大声吼某人”(带有恶意或不礼貌的喊叫),多指因生气或愤怒冲某人大声吼叫或嚷嚷。shout to sb.意为“呼喊(喊叫)某人”(普通的喊叫)。例如:“Help!”he shouted.“救命!”他呼喊。He shouted for help.他大声喊救命。Dont shout at the children,please.请别冲着孩子们大声嚷嚷。“Sitdownhere! ”sheshoutedtoJohn.“坐这儿!”她向约翰大声喊叫。【辨析记忆】shout at与shout to的区别和用法:请看下面
46、两个句子:(1) He shouted at me to get out of his way.(2) He shouted to me to come over to help.要正确理解这两句子,关键是要理解shout at与shout to的意思和区别。shout at sb与shout to sb 的区别可大致描述为:前者多指因为生气等而非善意地对某人吼叫,后者多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊(否则对方无法听见),不带生气等感情因素。所以上面第(1)句的意思是:他对我怒喊不要挡他的路。第(2)句的意思是:他大声叫我过去帮忙。【注意】类似用法比较(尤其注意其中at与to的区别):The do
47、g came at the boy. 狗向小男孩扑来。(意即咬人) The dog came to the boy. 狗向小男孩走过来。(无咬人之意) All of them ran at me. 他们都向我扑来。(意即攻击我) All of them ran to me. 他们都向我跑过来。(无攻击之意) He threw the ball at me. 他把球向我砸来。(意欲打我) He threw the ball to me. 他把球抛给我。(无打人之意) He shouted at his wife. 他对他妻子吼叫。( 意在训人) He shouted to his wife. 他
48、朝他妻子大声喊叫。(无训人之意) woofwu:f n.是一个象声词,表示狗的叫声。moo mu:n.牛叫声。mewmju:n. 猫(通常指小猫)或海鸟的叫声。away副词,意为“离开;远离”,run away跑开/跑掉/逃跑,go away走开/离开,be away from sw.=leave sw.离开某地,be far away from sw.离某地很遥远。例如:The little girl is so shy that she runs away when I want to talk to her. 这个小女孩太害羞了,我刚想和她说话,她就跑开(掉)了。Go away!I dont want to see you again.走开!我再也不想看到你了。【辨析记忆】be away from是leave 的延续性动词,leave