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1、Solutions for hot spot in data center数据中心数据中心热点热点解决方案解决方案Chen Yunshui 陈云水Airsys Refrigeration Engineering Technology(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.阿尔西制冷工程技术(北京)有限公司AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Really?真实情况是什么？真实情况是什么？Is the hot problem really so serious?热问题真的如此严重吗？热问题真的如此严重吗？AIRSYS
2、REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.内容数据中心热密度发展史数据中心热密度发展史数据中心高热密度实际状况数据中心高热密度实际状况“热点热点”与与“热区热区”的概念的概念热点与热区应区别对待热点与热区应区别对待1热点形成的原因热点形成的原因当前热点解决方案及其缺点当前热点解决方案及其缺点23456高热密度到底有多高？高热密度到底有多高？热问题并不是热问题并不是“高热密度高热密度”ONSPOT热点空调机热点空调机ONSPOT 热点空调机的类型热点空调机的类型总结总结7891011AIRSYS REFERIGERATION EN
3、GINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.CONTENTSHistory of high heat density of data centerReal status of over heat in data centerConcept of“hot spot”&“hot area”Different treatments for hot spot and hot area1Why hot spot?Current solutions and shortages23456How high is the“high heat density”Main problem
4、 is not high heat densityON SPOT AIR CONDITIONERTypes of ONSPOT unitSummary7891011AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.数据中心高热密度解决方案历史从2000年前后开始，由于数据中心电子设备发热量快速增加，不断有人提出数据中心高热密度问题。越来越多的解决方案也被提出来。同时随着互联网技术的发展，数据中心的规模越来越大，发热量也越来越大，因此，所谓的“热问题”也越来越严重。参见下图。The history of high heat
5、density of data centerAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.数据中心热密度发展趋势Really so high density?热密度真的这么高吗？Heat density trends in data center equipmentsAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.90%of data center:Over heat existedVery cold at the same timeAfter
6、a lot of survey to the data center数据中心实际过热情况Real status of over heat in data center经过大量调查：经过大量调查：90%以上数据中心存在过热以上数据中心存在过热然而，同时感觉到然而，同时感觉到非常冷非常冷AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Hot spot：the hot space formed by several cabinets with overheatHot area:the hot space formed by m
7、ore cabinets with overheat热点：由少数几个过热机柜形成的范围较小的偏热区域热区：由较多相互靠近的过热机柜形成的范围较大的偏热区域“热点”与“热区”概念Hot spotHot areaConcept of“hot spot”&“hot area”AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.HOT SPOT HOT AREA热点热点热区热区热点和热区应区别对待热点和热区应区别对待Different treatments for hot spot and hot areaMost of the c
8、urrent solutions for hot problem in data center is actually prepared for“hot area”,even be prepared for the whole data center room-A lot of energy waste.目前，大多数数据中心热问题的解决方案实示目前，大多数数据中心热问题的解决方案实示上都是为上都是为“热区热区”而设计的，甚至是为整个机而设计的，甚至是为整个机房而设计的房而设计的-这会造成大量能源浪费这会造成大量能源浪费Because:Hot spot is different with Hot
9、 area因为“热点”不等于“热区”Shortage of existing solutions现有方案的缺点现有方案的缺点Big investment,quantity of working amount,long project working duration,high energy consumption投资高，工作量大，项目周期长，能量消耗多投资高，工作量大，项目周期长，能量消耗多Reason:No good solutions for hot spot源于：源于：缺少良好的热点解决方案缺少良好的热点解决方案AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECH
10、NOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Why hot spot?为什么会出现热点？为什么会出现热点？Bad air distributionElectr.devices not even installed in cabinetPeak load of equipment气流组织不好机柜内部结构不当或元器件分布不均设备高峰负荷集中制冷能力不足不是主要原因The insufficient cooling capacity is not the main cause.Detail followed 详见后面AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLO
11、GY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Actually not the in-sufficient cooling capacity of PACDue to:1Cold air can not be reached to hot placeSlow air supply speedObstacle material in the way of air supply airHigh air flow resistance in the way of air supplyLow air supply pressurePlace of supply air grill is not correct
12、Air volume is not matched with the load of server cabinetBad air distribution 机房气流组织不好出现热点，并不是因为机房空调机的制冷量不足是因为:1冷风不能送到热点位置或热点位置冷风量不足送风速度过低送风通路上有阻碍物送风通路上空气阻力过高送风风压不足送风格栅的位置不合适送风量与机柜的热负荷不匹配AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.机柜内电子元器件不均匀Lower density of E.devicesHigher density
13、of E.devicesElectr.devices not even installed in cabinetAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Peak load of equipment 通信高峰Peak communicationWhen it is at the peak time of communication,the heat generated by server is high because of too much calculation在通信高峰时段，服务器会产生更多的热量，因为此时的
14、计算工作量大在通信高峰时段，服务器会产生更多的热量，因为此时的计算工作量大AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Internal structure of cabinet 设备内部结构 Too many devices in the cabinet Un-even distribution of devices Un-even heat load of devices Insufficient air volume capacity of internal fansHigh devices densityIns
15、ufficient air flow机柜内部元器件太多机柜内部元器件太多元器件分布不均匀元器件分布不均匀各元器件负载不一致各元器件负载不一致机柜内部风机风量不足机柜内部风机风量不足AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Current solutions and shortages 当前方案及缺点当前方案及缺点Reduce the temp.of data centerInstall more air cons.Disperse the heat load降低数据中心机房温度降低数据中心机房温度新增机房专用空调机
16、新增机房专用空调机分散过热机柜的负载分散过热机柜的负载AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.常规机房控制温度为:24经常被降低到：20-18 或更低机房温度降低1，空调机的制冷效率会降低23%，甚至更多。同时，其制冷量会降低35%，不但如此，这还会引起空调机不必要的除温和加温。如果机柜内部进一步过热，这种方法就不可行了。因为机房温度过低时，空调机制冷盘管会结霜降低机房的温度容易容易方便方便但不节能但不节能机房控制温度机房控制温度EER 能效比能效比24机房温度降低能耗增加20AIRSYS REFERIGERAT
17、ION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Normal control temp.of DC:24It is often be reduced to 20 or 18 or even lower by administrator of DCWhen the room temp.is reduced by 1，the cooling efficient of air conditioner will be reduced by 2-3%or even more,and at the same time,the cooling capacity of A
18、C will reduce by 3-5%,furthermore,there will be more un-necessary humidifying and dehumidifying.If the over heat of cabinet goes worse,this way will not work,because the control temp.of DC can not be reduced furthermore due to frozen on the coil of Air con.Reduce the temp.of data centerEasyConvenien
19、tBut energy wasteControl temp.of DCEERNormal cntrl.Temp.Ccntrl.Temp.for hot DCPower consumption at 24Power consumption at 20Control temp.decreasingEnergy consumption increasingAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Install more air cons.添加空调机添加空调机Anyway,this will lead to a big
20、investment.这种方法的投资很高这种方法的投资很高,还不一定能解决问题还不一定能解决问题Some user think about simply that the over heat is come from insufficient capacity of air conditioner,so,install more air conditioner for the data center.In some cases,it works when the air conditioner is installed at a good position and the cold air c
21、an be supplied hot position.Many cases,it does not work well.某些用户简单认为出现过热是因为空调机冷量不足，所以就添加空调机。某些情况下，当空调机的安装位置合适、冷风可以直接送达过热位置时，这种方法有效。AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.将负荷分散将负荷分散 当某个机柜出现过热时，有经验的用户会将该机柜内部的设备分开安装到其它发热量较小的机柜这种方式很有效，不过，有较大的拆、装工作量当相关元器件不能分散、必须安装在一个机柜内部时，这种方法就不能使用
22、了。AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Disperse the heat load The devices with higher heat load is centralized in 1 cabinetThe devices with higher heat load is dispersed to many cabinetsWhen there is a cabinet over heated,the experienced user will dispense the heat load to ma
23、ny cabinets,that is to say:move the electronic devices in the over heated cabinet to over cabinet with low heat load.This methods works,but,there are a lot of labor works for dismantling,assembling and related expenses.More,some time,this methods could not be carried out,because some times,all the c
24、omponents or servers must be installed at a same cabinet for the needs of management.AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.出现过热现象时，机房管理人员会同相关专业人员商量。有经验的设计师、安装人员在现场考察之后，会推荐这个方案。应该说，这是一种好的方案。调整空调机的位置、调整气流分布后，问题可以解决。优化空调机的安装位置相关工作和费用相关工作和费用:重新安装风管、水管、制冷剂管路重新接线、调试注意事项注意事项:费用仍较高 较长
25、的施工周期 某些时候，此方案不可行。AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.When there exists hot spot,the administrator of DC will consult with air conditioning supplier.The experienced designers,installation peoples will put forward this solution to user after surveying to the data center.It sh
26、ould be confirmed that this is a good solution.The air flow distribution can be improved and the over heat can be eliminated by this method.Works and expenses:Re-piping for air duct,water pipe,refrigerant pipesIssues:Higher expenses Long installation engineering duration May not be possible to carry
27、 out some times.Optimize the installation position of ACAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Accurate air supply or return 精确送风或回风This is a very direct solution:Make the cold air from AC directly be supplied to the hot position or hot air returned from hot position.Issues and
28、 considerations:Air pressure of AC should be high enough,if not so,a fan in air duct is needed.(this is the most cases)No backup of ACHigh investmentNeed big space for air duct installation这是一种非常直接的方案这是一种非常直接的方案:将冷风直接从空调机的出风口送到过热位置或者将过热位置的热空气抽走到不过热位置注意事项注意事项:空调机的风压必须足够，必要时在风管上安装风机（一般都需要）要注意空调机有停机的时候
29、投资高风管安装的工作量大，空间占用多AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Build new machine room 新建机房新建机房This is an extreme way but also popular one.Many un-necessary new machine is built up because of heat problem.According to our viewpoint,most of the cases,the new machine room is not necessa
30、ry to build.Except that there is another big reason besides of hot problem.这是极端的做法，却也是比较普遍的做法。因为热问题而兴建了许多不必要的新机房。根据我们的观点，多数情况下，这些新机房是不需要建造的。除非有其它热点问题之外的大原因。AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.How high is the“high heat density”(1)热密度到底有多高？Overheated cabinet=High heat density
31、cabinet+Super high density cabinet所谓过热机柜是指高热机柜以及超高热机柜所谓过热机柜是指高热机柜以及超高热机柜AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.How high is the“high heat density”(2)热密度到底有多高超高热机柜超高热机柜Super high density cabinet 5%高热机柜高热机柜High density cabinet 95%We should pay more attention to the“high density ca
32、binet.We should use different treatments for high density and super high density cabinet.由于高热机柜占大多数，所以，我们应将更多的注意力放在高热机柜，并且对超高热机柜与高热机柜采用不同的处理方法。由于高热机柜占大多数，所以，我们应将更多的注意力放在高热机柜，并且对超高热机柜与高热机柜采用不同的处理方法。AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.主要问题并不是高热密度热点高热密度我们所谈论的高热密度只是一个表面现象，并不是真正原
33、因。真正的问题是“热点”实际之中，我们大多情况下谈论的所谓“高热密度”问题实际上是“热点”问题。关键原因AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Main problem is not high heat densityHot spotHigh densityHigh heat density is a superficial phenomena,not the real causeThe real issue is the“hot spot”Mostly,what we talked is actually th
34、e hot spot problem.Key causeRoot causeAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.An air conditioner specially designed for hot spot in data center.Cause of hot spotType of hot spotAir distribution or organizationFeatureEasy use Easy installSmall dimensionsLight weightFlexiblePlug&p
35、layThe most simplified and correct ways to solve hot problem in data center这是解决数据中心热问题的最简单直接和最正这是解决数据中心热问题的最简单直接和最正确的方法确的方法HOT SPOT ON SPOTON SPOT 热点空调机 这是为数据中心热点而特别设计的空调机这是为数据中心热点而特别设计的空调机热点形成的原因热点的类型气流分布和组织产品特点产品特点容易使用 容易安装尺寸小重量轻灵活即插即用ON SPOT AIR CONDITIONER AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHN
36、OLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.机柜的进风由ONSPOT预冷到1416，这样机柜的出风就降低到2830。这样机柜的过热现象就消除了。Working philosophy of ON SPOT 工作原理过热机柜的进出风温度过热机柜的进出风温度当过热机柜进风口安装当过热机柜进风口安装 ONSPOT 空调机时空调机时冷凝热以较高速度冷凝热以较高速度送到不过热的地方送到不过热的地方CabinetCabinetAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.The entering air is pre-cooled
37、to 14-16,so,the leaving air temp.is reduced to 28-30 and the over heat of the cabinet is removed.Working philosophy of ON SPOT 工作原理Entering and leaving air temp.of over heated cabinetAn ONSPOT air conditioner is installed in front of an over heated cabinet.Condensation heat is blow to a place far aw
38、ay from hot spotCabinetCabinetAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.客厅客厅分体空调室内机分体空调室内机冰箱冰箱分体空调室外机分体空调室外机以客厅中的冰箱为例:在客厅中安装了一台分体式空调机与一台冰箱分体机制冷量：5200W冰箱热负荷：100W,约为空调机制冷量的2%1个常规小型数据中心的面积约为：个常规小型数据中心的面积约为：150m2 其总热负荷为：其总热负荷为：120kW一般情况下会配置：一般情况下会配置：180kW制冷量的机制冷量的机房专用空调机房专用空调机ONSPOT 工
39、作时的热负荷为：工作时的热负荷为：1.1kW如果有如果有5个热点个热点,安装安装5台台ONSPOT，则其，则其总热负荷为：总热负荷为：5.5kW,只有机房空调机总只有机房空调机总制冷量的制冷量的3.3%。如果增加到如果增加到10个热点，使用个热点，使用10台热点空台热点空调机，也只引起调机，也只引起11kW的热负荷，占空调的热负荷，占空调机制冷量的机制冷量的6.6%。由于由于ONSPOT并不是连续运行，其实际并不是连续运行，其实际总热负荷较低，只有上述计算值的总热负荷较低，只有上述计算值的70%左右。左右。由此可见，由此可见，ONSPOT工作时的热负荷可工作时的热负荷可以忽略不计以忽略不计实际
40、上，我们使用其它方法消除热点时，实际上，我们使用其它方法消除热点时，所引起的附加热负荷比所引起的附加热负荷比ONSPOT均要高均要高一些。一些。ONSPOT 空调机增加机房热负荷吗？AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Living roomIndoor unit of split ACRefrigeratorOutdoor unit of split ACYou may ask:The ONSPOT air conditioner is installed inside data center,Does th
41、e ONSPOT air conditioner increases the heat load to data center?Or will it make more over heat?No.Need not to think about this issue.For example:The living room with a split air conditioner and a refrigeratorThe average cooling capacity of Split AC:5200WThe average heat load of refrigerator:100W,aro
42、und 2%of cooling capacity of split AC.Lets compare with ONSPOT in data centerA normal small data center:150m2 with 120 kW heating load and 180kW precision AC.The heating load of an ONSPOT is 1.1kWIf there is 5 hot spots,we will use 5 ONSPOT units,the total heating load is 5.5kw,which is 3%of total c
43、ooling capacity of PAC.If there is 10 hot spots,we will use 10 ONSPOT units,the total heating load is 11kw,which is 6%of total cooling capacity of PAC.Because the ONSPOT will not be running continuesly,the total heating load of ONSPOT will be lower than above calculation,around 70%.Besides,if you us
44、e other methods to remove the hot spot,it may produce more heat load to the data center.Please refer to the relative white papers of Airsys.Does ONSPOT increases the heat load to DC?AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.许多用户采用降低机房温度的办法来解决热点问题。然而这种方法会导致高能耗。如果使用ONSPOT机组，不但不需要降低机
45、房的温度，还可以升高机房的温度，从而节约大量的空调电能消耗。Many users will decrease the room air temp.in data center if there is a hot spot.But this will lead to a higher energy consumption,because when air temperature goes down,the cooling efficiency of air conditioner will goes up.If you use ONSPOT units,you will not only nee
46、d not to decrease the room temperature,but also increase the room temperature,say:28，and get 10%around energy saved ONSPOT 节能 ONSPOT SAVES ENERGYEnergy consumption ratio curve能耗比例曲线能耗比例曲线名义工作点名义工作点Nominal working pointAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Many users will decre
47、ase the room air temp.in data center if there is a hot spot.But this will lead to a higher energy consumption,because when air temperature goes down,the cooling efficiency of air conditioner will goes up.If you use ONSPOT units,you will not only need not to decrease the room temperature,but also inc
48、rease the room temperature,say:28，and get 10%around energy saved ONSPOT SAVES ENERGYEnergy consumption ratio curveNominal working pointAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.应在数据中心机房配备数台应在数据中心机房配备数台ONSPOT产品，出现热点时，将热点空调机移到热点位置，接上电产品，出现热点时，将热点空调机移到热点位置，接上电源，热点就消除了，源，热点就消除了，就像灭火器一
49、样就像灭火器一样。Several ONSPOT should be prepared and backed up in data center.If there is a hot spot occurred,you can move an ONSPOT unit to hot spot and power up it,then the hot spot will be disappeared like the extinguisher for fire.4 types:Floor standDoor hangingTop placementFloor tileAll is easy be mo
50、vableTypes of ONSPOT unit4 种类型:落地安装式门板安装式顶置式地砖安装式均为可移动式安装均为可移动式安装ONSPOT：The extinguisher for hot spot in data centerONSPOT：数据中心机房灭火器AIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY(BEIJING)CO.,LTD.Accurate coolingFloor stand ONSPOT 落地安装式落地安装式无无 ONSPOT有有 ONSPOTAIRSYS REFERIGERATION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY