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1、说明文2020-2022三年高考真题分类汇编+最新名校试题汇编备考2023年高考英语一轮复习精练测（原卷版）目录一 2022年高考真题 说明文二 2021年高考真题 说明文三 2020年高考真题 说明文名校最新模拟题说明文一 2022高考真题1. （2022年全国甲卷）Goffins cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not know
2、n to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole“ in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to
3、choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical （对称的）shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to b
4、e turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an 6allocentric frame of reference, In the experiment, Goffins cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in
5、similar tests. This indicates that Goffins cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues （线索），or also u
6、se a sense of touch in making their shape selections.power to choose what he wants to talk about. Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure.nEverything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story
7、an injection （注射） becomes the bite of an insect; the heat on the skin becomes the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patients body with what the patient sees in his h
8、ead,* Ms. LEcuyer said. nIt requires creativity on the part of the technologist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness.1The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January. It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists/1 Ms. L*Ecuy
9、er said. She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take the training.51. One of the results produced by the trial project is.A , a better understanding of childrenB. less use of certain medicinesC. new medical-imaging technologyD. an improved reputation of the hospital52. The Fre
10、nch technologist came to the childrens hospital to.A. assist in treating a patientB. carry out hypnosis trainingC. start up a new departmentD. learn about the procedure53. According to Paragraph 5, hypnosis works by.A. creating a perfect world for patientsB forcing patients into a state of deep slee
11、pC. putting patients into an unconscious stateD. leading patients* consciousness away from reality54. What can we learn about the story used in the procedure?A. It should keep pace with the procedure.B. It reflects the patients creativity.C. It is selected by the technologist.D. It tells what doctor
12、s are doing to the patient.55. The procedure was received among the staff with.A. uncertaintyB , enthusiasmC , worryD. criticism56. What is the passage mainly about?A. An easy way to communicate with patients.B. The standard method of conducting hypnosis.C. An introduction of medical-imaging technol
13、ogy.D. The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.9. （2021 年 1 月浙江）You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are alread
14、y checked out and off to the parking lot. 1. It turns out, its just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 2. Any small interruption - a price check, a chatt
15、y customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:?. So its not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.Researchers have a good way to deal with th
16、is problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 4. This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register wont unfairly punish t
17、he people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.5. It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores cant afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.A. Why does this always seem to
18、 happen to you?B. So why dont most places encourage serpentine lines?C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?EWith three registers, this meth
19、od is much faster than the traditional approach.G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.10. （2021 年 1 月浙江卷）At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing populatio
20、n growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 4
21、0 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborho
22、ods with limited public transport.The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities （机 会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about thei
23、r day.Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a good”, quickly followed by Fm hungry1*. This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my sons day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This i
24、s the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）,with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning-running shoes
25、 by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones-but its certainly worth trying.41. Why does the author mention Watkins* predictions in the first paragraph?A. To make comparisons.B. To introduce the topic.C. To support her argument.D. To provide example
26、s.42. What has caused the decrease in Australian childrens physical activity?A.Plain laziness.B.Health problems.C.Lack of time.D.Security concerns.43. Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?A.She can get relaxedafter work.B.She can keep physicallyfit.C.She can help withhersons stud
27、y.D.She can know her son better.IL （2021年1月浙江卷）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees （黑猩猩）use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a vocabulary of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by followin
28、g and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a sys
29、tem of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.That*s whats so amazing about chimp gestures/ she said. Theyre the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex informat
30、ion from another animaFs call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In
31、 one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:* Climb on me. The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together, nThe big message from this study is that there is another species （物种）out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so thats n
32、ot unique to humans,1 said Dr Hobaiter.Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were na little disappointing*.“The vagueness of th
33、e gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,* she said. nMoreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the g
34、ulf remains. n44. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?A. Memorizing specific words.B. Understanding complex information.C. Using voices to communicate.D. Communicating messages on purpose.45. . What did Dr Shultz think of the study?A. It was well designed but poorly con
35、ducted.B. It was a good try but the findings were limited.C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.E. . What does the underlined word gulf1 in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference. B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.F. . Which of the
36、following is the best title for the text?A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughB. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skillsC. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomD. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated12. （2021年6月浙江卷）CIf you ever get the
37、impression that your dog can tell whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new studyResearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images（图像）of the same person making eith
38、er a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the persons face. The researchers then tested the dogs1 ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the persons face on images totally dif
39、ferent from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human
40、faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. nWe can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth,1 said study author Corsin Muller. Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth mea
41、ns the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.1With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions,n Muller told Live Science.At this point, it is not clear wh
42、y dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. nTo us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions/1 and this exposure has provided them wit
43、h many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.8. The new study focused on whether dogs can.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in r
44、andom order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were differentD. The dogs were photographed before the lest.10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation
45、of the studyD. An explanation of the research method.三2020高考真题L （2020年新课标I ）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don
46、t change, people do. And thafs what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the prese
47、nt. Ifs about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964,
48、 its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating （令人陶醉的），an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble （随笔）about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetty. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the high