《备战2023年高考高中英语语法专项突破训练专题05-形容词和副词比较等级.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《备战2023年高考高中英语语法专项突破训练专题05-形容词和副词比较等级.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题五形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词的正确形式填空； 若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least时，可能也会不给出原级。在语法填空中，比较等级的命题形式 常以隐性比较等级的形式出现。系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1 .形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。如：English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。(作定语)English is u
2、seful.英语很有用。(作表语)I find English useful.我觉得英语很有用。(作补语)2 .副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。(修饰动词 walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。Obviously, I believe we can win it.显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。二、形容词和副词的比较等级1 .形容词副词的规则变化。(1) 一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est。如：l
3、onglonger-longesto(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾直接加r或st。如：nice一nicernicesto(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i,再加er或esto如：heavy-heavierheaviesto(4)以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如： bigbiggerbiggest o(5)部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。如:slowlymore slowly-most slowly； beautiful-more beautiful-most beautifulo2
4、.形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。(1)表示相等：as +原级+as(2)表示不如:not as/so +原级+as(3)表示超出：比较级+than(4)表示“最thc+最高级+ of/in短语(表示比较的范围)注意：除了 “the+最高级”外，最高级还有其他的表达方式。如：否定词never等与比较级连用；比较 级+than any other+名词单数；比较级+than any of the other十名词复数；比较级+than anyone else 等。如：How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得
5、多好听呀！我从没听过比这更好的声 音。(5)表示“越越”：the+比较级，the+比较级(6)表示“越来越”：比较级+and+比较级(7)表示“与其不如”:more.than.(8) the+比较级 特指两个人或者连个食物中较为突出的一个。If the manager had to choose one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果说经理定得从 这两个人中选择一个，他会说Tim是更好的选择。(9)倍数的表达法：A + be+倍数as +计量形容词原级+as BThis house is three times as
6、wide as that one.这个房子是那个房子的三倍宽。A +be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than BThe car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这辆车比那本恰好贵 5 倍。A +be+倍数+the+计量名词+of BThe new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。The+计量名词+of A +be+倍数+that of BThe size of the new square is four times that of
7、 the previous one.新广场为以前的四倍大。三、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型名称句型例句相等as+原级+asThe train travels as fest as the 3:55 train.这列车和 3:55 的列车 开得一样快。as+原级+a/an+名词单数+asHe is as honest a man as you.他和你一样是个诚实的人。as many+可数名词复数十as；as much+不口J数名词+ asI have as many books as you.我和你一样有许多书。倍数+as+原级+as+名词My room is twice big
8、as my brothers.我的房间是我兄弟的 两倍大。不及not as+原级+asShe is not as beautiful as her sister.她不如她妹妹漂亮。超越比较级+thanHealth is more important than wealth.健康 比金钱重要。the+比较级+of the two 两者中较的一个He is the taller of the two.他是两者中较高的一个。否定no+比较级+than和一样不He is no richer than I.他和我一样不鬲名。not+比较级再不过(可译为“非常、十分”)His work couldn be
9、 worse.他的工作糟得不能再糟了。程度递增-er and -er, more and more + 多音节词越来越higher aad higher 越来越高more aad mnoe important 越来越重要两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the +比较级越，越The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave. 你 越快准备好，我们就能越早离开。三者或三者 以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围之中最They have got some of the most beautiful things in t
10、he world.他们这儿拥有一些世界上最美的东西。注意：no more (.) than not more (.) than 的用法在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思，不能按其字面意思去理解，象这样的短语有很 多，这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的no more (.) than与not more (.) than的用法解释清楚，希望对大家有所 帮助：1.不用于比较，后接数词时，no more than意为“仅仅、只不过、只有(=only),而not more than意为“至 多、不超过”(=at the most)o 如：There are no more than fifteen
11、eggs in the basket.监了里只有 15 个鸡蛋。(暗指 15 个鸡蛋太少)There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket.篮子里至多有 15 个鸡蛋。(暗指可能少于 15 个)2,用于两者的比较时，“no+形容词或副词比较级+tharT是对两者的否定，相当于neithernor。如：This story is no more interesting than that one.(二Neither this story nor that one is interesting.) 这个故事和 那个故事一样没趣。“not+形容词或
12、副词比较级+than”是普通的比较级结构，表示前者不如后者，相当于not as/soas。如：This story is not more interesting than that one. (=This story is not as/so interesting as that one.) 这个故事不 如那个故事有趣。四、比较结构的修饰语1用于原级之前almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times 等The river is three times as long as that one. 这条河是那条河是三倍长。2用于比较级前
13、many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复 数”前)It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.坐火车去那里比坐飞机要花 多好多个小时。a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice 等My desk-mate is even fatter than me.我同桌 甚至比我还胖。3用于最高 级前the very, much the, by far, nearly, by no means, almost, no
14、t really, the first/second 等This cake is by far the largest in the world. 这个蛋糕是迄今为止世界上最大的。五、两种形式的副词：一个与形容词同形，一个以-ly结尾1hard hardlyhard刻苦地；努力地；猛烈地；费力地He studies very hard.他学习非常努力。hardly几乎不；简直不We hardly had time to eat breakfast.我们几乎没 时间吃早饭。2high highlyhigh局局地；地位局；声音局The plane flies high.飞机飞得很高。highly高
15、度地;非常（常和praise, speak 等动词连用）They spoke very highly of him.他们称赞他。3deep deeplydeep修饰具体动作时，往往两个词 可互换，但多用deepThey had to dig very deep/deeply in order to find water.他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。表示静止状态时只用deep（此时 多于介词、副词连用）The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议持 续到了深夜。deeply修饰形容词或过去分词只能用 deeplyI am deeply gratef
16、ul to you.我非常感谢你。deeply 可与 hate, dislike, regret, admire, love, value 等动词连用, 但不能与动词like连用I deeply regret his death.我对他的去世深感遗 憾。4late latelylate迟；晚The bus arrived 5 minutes late.公共汽车迟到了 五分钟。lately最近；不久前（同recently）What have you been doing lately?最近你在做什 么？as late as与as lately as都有“近至、直到“ 之意，用法相同I saw h
17、im at late/lately as yesterday.直到昨天我 才看见他。5near nearlynear近；临近；在附近The train came nearer and nearer.火车越来越近 了。nearly几乎；差不多；将近It is nearly then oclock.差不多十点钟了。6close closelyclose靠近；挨近；接近Come close so that 1 can see you.走近点 以便我 能看清你。closely紧密地；紧紧地；秘密地；仔细 地；严密地We followed closely after him.我们紧紧地跟在 他后面。六、
18、以心结尾的形容词1表示时间的形容词hourly每小时的，daily每天的，nightly每晚的, weekly每周的，monthly每月的,quarterly每季 度的,yearly每年的，early早的，timely及时 的；适时的This theatre will give a nightly performance.这个剧院将上 演一台晚会。2表示人的形容词manly男子气的，womanly女人气的，wifely妻 子似的，fatherly父亲般的，childly孩子般的， comradely同志式的What are wifely duties?什么 是做妻子的责任？表示人的外貌、特lo
19、vely可爱的，friendly友好的,ugly难看的,Children are usually lively. 孩3征、性格、心理等 的形容词lively活泼的，lonely孤独的，unfriendly不友好 的，kindly和蔼的，sickly病弱的，poorly贫穷 的，elderly年长的，homely朴实的、不漂亮的子们常常是精力充沛的/活泼 的。4表示事物特征、环 境、情况、状态的 形容词likely可能的，orderly整齐的，costly花费大的， deadly致命的，mannerly有礼貌的，chilly冷的， disorderly乱七八糟的，unlikely不可能的Plea
20、se leave our classroom in an orderly way.让我们的教 室整整齐齐的。注意：elder与older,这两个词都是形容词old的比较级形式，区别在于：（1） elder指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼,常作定语，不口用于than 引导的比较状语从句。（2） older指“年纪较大的、较老的、较旧的、修饰人或物都行。既可作定语，也可 作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。如：My表der brother is two years older than me.我的哥哥比 我年长两岁。七、senior, junior, superio
21、r, inferior 等词与 to 连用1能与t。连用，但 不能与than连用superior优秀的、高级 的（反义词inferior）This restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week. 这家饭馆比我们上周去的那家好。senior年长的、地位高 的、资格老的（反义词 junior）She is senior to everyone else in the company.她在公司 里比其他人资格都要老。2既不能与than连 用，又不能与to 连用的major 主要的， minor 次要的，表示不太重要 或较次要。The y
22、oung actress was given a minor part in the new play. 这年轻的女演员在这部新戏里被分配担任一个小角色。What is the major industry of our nation?我们国家的主 要工业是什么？八、某些以a-开头的表语形容词以 a-开头的只能作表语的形容词有 afraid, alone, asleep, alive, alike, aware, awake, ashamed 等。1 .这类形谷词 般都不能用very修饰，但可用much或very much等修饰。如：不能说：I am very alone.只可以说：I am
23、much/very much alone.2 .另外，若它们本身带有修饰语，则也可用于名词前作定语。如：the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子a really alive student真正活跃的学生九、多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序限定词（冠词/代词）一数词一描绘形容词一大小一形状一新旧一年龄一颜色一国籍一材料+名词。如： a small round wooden table 一张小圆木桌an old Chinese stone bridge 一座中式老石桥the mans first two famous small red French oil paintings
24、这个人的头两幅著名的红色法国小油画注意：enough修饰形容词时，放在被修饰词之后。十、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语常见的止匕类副词有 actually, anyway, interestingly, strangely, eventually, fortunately, luckily, obviously 等。 如：Obviously, your answer is totally wrong.很明显，你的答案全错了。Interestingly, he was only eleven when he composed the sonata.有趣的是，他写那一首奏鸣曲时年仅十一
25、岁。考点练透一、单句填空用适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The number of the trees that the villagers planted last year reached as as 6,000,000.2. There was so smoke that they couldnt see across the hallway.3. My little brother is not old to go to school.4. In that case, there is nothing you can do than wait.1.1 must be
26、 getting fat 一 I can do my trousers up.6. They are little insects that we can not easily see them with our eyes.7. There was little food left then that we had to turn to the local people for help.8. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much she was getting.9.1 havent seen the movie and my brother h
27、avent.10. He is always telling lies, so I will believe him.11. John is very lazy. He falls behind in his studies.12. Two passengers fell into the sea., neither of them could swim.13. We talked into the night and I was moved by his words, (deep)1.1 1 found his talk very and I was really in it. (inter
28、est)15. Who is the greatest poet(live)?16. The more words you know, the(easy) you can read.17. David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels(little) desire to go to bed.18. We have a(month) rainfall of four inches in winter here.19. He is by far the(good) student i
29、n his class.20. I have two brothers and both of them are than me. My brothers are friendly to me.(old)21. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.1.1 1 left it early because I had an appointment(late) that day.23. He must be(mental) disabled
30、.24. Mary felt(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.25. It might have made it a little(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.26. That would be a very(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small
31、village like ours,“ Nick said.27. But such a small thing couldnt(possible) destroy a village/928. We drank together and talked(merry) till far into the night.29. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow(high).30. “You tasted the water. I tas
32、ted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be(sweet)?9二、语篇填空用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。Once, there lived two brothers in a lonely village. The J(old) brother was much 2 (wise)than the younger. One day, there was a big hill on the road, which was as 3(heavy) a
33、s 10 tons, blockingtheir way. How could they move it to the side of the road since there were no modern machines at that time? The elder brother chose to give in because it was too 4(easy) for him and found another way which wereabout 20 kilometers way. The other insisted that it would be 5(possible
34、) solved if he removed it. Theolder one laughed at him, saying that he was 6(stupid) than persistent. 1 (final), his movemoved others, who helped him solve the problem together. This story reminds us that as long as we are31. (hope) and keep on doing it, hope will not give us up.三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一
35、个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China, one of the earliest cradles of civilization with a long history, is on the rise on the international stage. Accordingly, the tradition influenced by Confucianism (儒家思想)，the Chinese people are generally friendly and 2 (unite). They love peace and are inclined to get along wel
36、l with each other in harmony. At emergency, some people would sacrifice their own interests, or rather, give those 3 need help a warm hand at the expense of their own life.Chinese people sometimes are modest and cope with 4 (problem) in an indirect manner. Occasionally, Chinese individuals say yes”
37、not because they see eye to eye with others 5 out of polite, which often make foreigners puzzled and in a dilemma, since 6 cannot make an accurate judgment. Frequently, they settle a matter in a devious (委婉的)way 7 (avoid) a hot debate.In conclusion, different country has different characteristics du
38、e to their respective histories, cultures, geographies and so on and personality is just a small portion (部分).Each nation, 8 it is big or small, strong or weak, should 9 (respect) and with the diversity of civilization, the world will become 10 (colorful).参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. many 2. much 3. enough 4. o
39、ther 5. hardly 6. such 7. so 8. heavier 9. either 10. never 11. far 12. Unluckily/Unfortunately 13. deep; deeply 14. interesting; interested 15. alive 16. the more easily 17. the least 18. monthly 19. best 20. older; elder 21. warmly 22. later 23. mentally 24. pleased 25. harder 26. reasonable 27. p
40、ossibly 28. merrily 29. higher 30. sweeter二、语篇填空1. elder与younger相对,指哥哥”。2. wiser由后面的than可知,要比较级。3. heavy这里用作表语，依然用形容词，又由asas之间要用原级可知，填原级。“uneasy作表语，依然用形容词；由后面的“找另一条道路走”可知，应填表示“不容易”的uneasy。5. possibly修饰谓语动词，作状语，用副词形式。6. more stupid因than可知,要用比较级;由句意可知,是表示“与其不如”的more.than句型，意为“与其说他坚持，不如说他愚笨。7. Finally放
41、在句子的开头，作状语，修饰整个句子，用副词。8. hopeful作表语用副词，用其形容词形式。三、语法填空本文作者主要介绍中国人民的个性和特点，并认为任何国家的特点和个性都应该受到尊重。1. with表“带着/有/由于/在的帮助下”等常用介词with。此处with意为“由于“。2. united作表语用形容词与friendly并列。united在此意为“团结的”。3. who根据句意和上下逻辑可知，此处是个定语从句，先行词是those指人，故填who, who在从句 中作主语。4. problems因problem是可数名词，且空前无限定词，根据句意可知要填复数。5. but根据前面的not
42、because可知,此处是notbut结构,意为“不是而是but在此作连词。6. they缺少主语填代词，they在此指代前面的foreignerso7. to avoid分析句子成分可知，动词avoid作非谓语。不定式to avoid在此作目的状语。8. whether根据空后big or small, strong or weak可知，此处应填一个意为“无论，不管”的连词，只有 whether合适。习惯搭配whetheror意为”无论或9. be respected分析句子成分可知动词respect在此作谓语，故只考虑时态和语态。时态是一般现在时, 语态需要用被动，故填be respectedo10. more colorful此处存在一个隐性比较级。句意：正因为有不同种类的文明存在，这个世界才变得 更加丰富多彩。助读词汇cradle n.摇篮respective adj. 各自的occasionally adv.彳禺尔in harmony和睦融洽地cope with 处理out of polite 出于礼貌inaccordingly adv.因止匕interests n.利益be inclined to 倾向于at the expense of 以为代价see eye to eye with 与意见相同a dilemma处于进退两难的境地