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1、http:/ stocks 存货，库存量 cash sale 现货 purchase 购买，进货 bulk sale 整批销售，趸售 distribution channels 销售渠道 wholesale 批发 retail trade 零售业 hire-purchase 分期付款购买 fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市 unfair competition 不合理竞争 dumping 商品倾销 dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度 antidumping 反倾销 customs bond 海关担保 chain
2、 debts 三角债 freight forwarder 货运代理 trade consultation 贸易磋商 mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解 partial shipment 分批装运 restraint of trade 贸易管制 RTA(Regional Trade Arrangements)区域贸易安排 favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差 unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 special preferences 优惠关税 bonded warehouse 保税仓库 transit trade 转口
3、贸易 tariff barrier 关税壁垒 tax rebate 出口退税 TBT(Technical Barriers to Trade)技术性贸易壁垒 贸易伙伴术语 trade partner 贸易伙伴 manufacturer 制造商，制造厂 middleman 中间商，经纪人 dealer 经销商 wholesaler 批发商 retailer,tradesman 零售商 merchant 商人，批发商，零售商 concessionaire,licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者 consumer 消费者，用户 client,customer 顾客，客户 buyer 买
4、主，买方 carrier 承运人 consignee 收货人 进出口贸易词汇 commerce,trade,trading 贸易 inland trade,home trade,domestic trade 国内贸易 international trade 国际贸易 foreign trade,external trade 对外贸易，外贸 import,importation 进口 importer 进口商 export,exportation 出口 exporter 出口商 import licence 进口许口证 export licence 出口许口证 commercial transa
5、ction 买卖，交易 inquiry 询盘 delivery 交货 order 订货 make a complete entry 正式/完整申报 bad account 坏帐 Bill of Lading 提单 marine bills of lading 海运提单 shipping order 托运单 blank endorsed 空白背书 endorsed 背书 cargo receipt 承运货物收据 condemned goods 有问题的货物 catalogue 商品目录 customs liquidation 清关 customs clearance 结关 国际贸易英语词汇集锦一
6、 贸易价格术语 trade term/price term 价格术语 world/international market price 国际市场价格 FOB(free on board)离岸价 C&F(cost and freight)成本加运费价 CIF(cost,insurance and freight)到岸价 freight 运费 wharfage 码头费 landing charges 卸货费 customs duty 关税 port dues 港口税 import surcharge 进口附加税 import variable duties 进口差价税 commission 佣金
7、return commission 回佣，回扣 price including commission 含佣价 net price 净价 wholesale price 批发价 discount/allowance 折扣 retail price 零售价 spot price 现货价格 current price 现行价格/时价 indicative price 参考价格 customs valuation 海关估价 price list 价目表 total value 总值 贸易保险术语 All Risks 一切险 F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average)平安险
8、 W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average)水渍险 War Risk 战争险 F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage)淡水雨淋险 Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险 Risk of Leakage 渗漏险 Risk of Odor 串味险 Risk of Rust 锈蚀险 Shortage Risk 短缺险 T.P.N.D.(Theft,Pilferage&Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险 Strikes Risk 罢工险 贸易机构词汇 WTO(
9、World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 IMF(International Monetary Fund)国际货币基金组织 CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)货币贸易理事会 EFTA(European Free Trade Association)欧洲自由贸易联盟 AFTA(ASEAN Free Trade Area)东盟自由贸易区 JCCT(China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade)中美商贸联委会 NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area)北美自由贸易区 U
10、NCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)联合国贸易与发展会议 GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)关贸总协定 商务合同英译应注意的问题(2)二、慎重处理合同的关键细目 实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。3.1 限定责任 众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介
11、词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。3.1.1 and/or 常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。例 9：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between 常用 by and between 强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。例 10：买卖双方同意按
12、下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller,whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.3.2 限定时间 英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。3.
13、2.1 双介词 用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.例 12：我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。Our terms are cash within three months,i.e.on or before May 1.3.2.2 not(no)later than 用“not(no)later than+日期”
14、英译“不迟于某月某日”。例 13：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract,i.e.not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相应形式 常用 include 的相应形式：inclusive、including 和 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。例 14：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。This credit expires till January 1(
15、inclusive)for negotiation in Beijing.(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.)如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为 till and not including January 1。3.3限定金额 为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措施严格把关。3.3.1.大写文字重复金额 英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ON
16、LY”。意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。例 16：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$500(SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2.正确使用货币符号 英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧*货币符号，例如：Can$891,568，不能写成：Can$891,568。另外，翻
17、译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点（.）还是分节号（,），因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。商务合同英译应注意的问题(1)前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通
18、词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中
19、：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter 现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more a
20、ppropriate are made in China.出席商务会议的常用英语 The following phrases are used to participate in a meeting.These phrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving input to a meeting.Getting the Chairpersons Attention 引起会议主席的注意 (Mister/Madam)chairman.May I have a word?If I may,I think.Excuse me for in
21、terrupting.May I come in here?Giving Opinions 表达意见 Im positive that.I(really)feel that.In my opinion.The way I see things.If you ask me,.I tend to think that.Asking for Opinions 询问意见 Are you positive that.Do you(really)think that.(name of participant)can we get your input?How do you feel about.?Comm
22、enting 做出评论 Thats interesting.I never thought about it that way before.Good point!I get your point.I see what you mean.Agreeing 表示同意 I totally agree with you.Exactly!Thats(exactly)the way I feel.I have to agree with(name of participant).Disagreeing 表示异议 Unfortunately,I see it differently.Up to a poi
23、nt I agree with you,but.(Im afraid)I cant agree Advising and Suggesting 提出建议 Lets.We should.Why dont you.How/What about.I suggest/recommend that.Clarifying 澄清 Let me spell out.Have I made that clear?Do you see what Im getting at?Let me put this another way.Id just like to repeat that.Requesting Info
24、rmation 请求信息 Please,could you.Id like you to.Would you mind.I wonder if you could.Asking for Repetition 请求重复 Im afraid I didnt understand that.Could you repeat what you just said?I didnt catch that.Could you repeat that,please?I missed that.Could you say it again,please?Could you run that by me one
25、more time?Asking for Clarification 要求澄清 I dont quite follow you.What exactly do you mean?Im afraid I dont quite understand what your are getting at.Could you explain to me how that is going to work?I dont see what you mean.Could we have some more details,please?Asking for Verification 请求确认 You did s
26、ay next week,didnt you?(did is stressed)Do you mean that.?Is it true that.?Asking for Spelling 请求拼写 Could you spell that,please?Would you mind spelling that for me,please?Asking for Contributions 请求赐教 We havent heard from you yet,(name of participant).What do you think about this proposal?Would you
27、like to add anything,(name of participant)?Has anyone else got anything to contribute?Are there any more comments?Correcting Information 更正 Sorry,I think you misunderstood what I said.Sorry,thats not quite right.Im afraid you dont understand what Im saying.Thats not quite what I had in mind.Thats no
28、t what I meant.Keeping the Meeting On Target(time,relevance,decisions)转入正题 Were running short of time.Well,that seems to be all the time we have today.Please be brief.Im afraid weve run out of time.Im afraid thats outside the scope of this meeting.Lets get back on track,why dont we?Thats not really
29、why were here today.Why dont we return to the main focus of todays meeting.Well have to leave that to another time.Were beginning to lose sight of the main point.Keep to the point,please.I think wed better leave that for another meeting.Are we ready to make a decision?商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(下)6.我公司出口工业产品、化
30、工产品、医药等。原译文：Our company exports industrial products,chemicals,medicines and etc.注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述译文无需加上and一词。应译为：Our company exports industrial products,chemicals,medicines,etc.7.我们将委托贵公司作为我公司在毛里求斯的业务代理。原译文：We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
31、注：entrust一词在作委托解时用法为entrust somebody with something or entrust something to somebody。应译为：We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.8.本合同签订之后，签约双方中任何一方不得将合同内容泄露给第三方。原译文：Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion
32、 of the contract.注：双方中任何一方为either of the two parties，三方（或三方以上）中任何一方才用any of the parties，因本句为否定句，应译为：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.9.在双方签约之后，各方将严格遵守本协议。原译文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties,all
33、 parties shall strictly abide by it.注：与上一条相类似，在协议当事方为三方（或三方以上）时，各方为all parties，而当事方为两方时应用both parties。应译为：After this agreement is signed by the two parties,both parties shall strictly abide by it.商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(上)在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误，现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子，试作分析，谨供读者朋友参考。1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因
34、其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。原译文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co,Ltd.was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.注：投资某项工程应为invest in a project，在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为：The Haikou Power Station Project invested in（在某些情况下可用financed or funded）by
35、the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co.,Ltd.was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。原译文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECO Group的股份，换句话说，这5个公司是“老子”公司，因此显然不符合中文原意。应译为：Sha
36、nghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies.或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.3.中国民生银行有限公司 原译文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation,Ltd.注：corporation本身即为有限公司，相当于limited company，英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为：China Minsheng Banking Corporation 4.项目中标之后，我们将立即开始前期准备工作。原译
37、文：After the bid is awarded,we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.注：项目中标应为accept a bid or award the contract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为：After the bid is accepted(or the contract is awarded),we shall immediately start our advance-phase preparation.5.欢迎您参观我们交易会 原译文：Welcome you to visit our
38、 fair!注：译文中welcome是动词，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主语为第二人称你（你们），而不是中文所含的我（我们）之意。应译为：We welcome you to visit our trade fair!更简洁而地道的译法是：Welcome to our trade fair!澳大利亚联邦汽车工业商会将摩托车细分为全用途摩托车(All Terrain Vehicles,ATVs)和两轮摩托车两大类，后者又可细分为电动脚踏车(Scooter)、游乐车(Fun)、路用车(Road Motor Cycle)和越野车(off-Road Motor Cycle)。其中，Scooter又可分为
39、以下几种（For more details,please visit:http:/）：Baby Scooter 儿童踏板车Disabled Scooter 残障人车E-Scooter 电动踏板车Electric Scooter 电动踏板车Flying Shoes 飞行鞋Folding Scooter 折叠踏板车Freestyle Scooter 极限时髦踏板车Gas/Gasoline Scooter 汽动踏板车/汽油踏板车/汽油机踏板车Golf Scooter 高尔夫球车Harly Scooter 哈利车/太子车/汽油小跑车Kick Scooter 四轮滑板Mini Chopper 小型摩托车
40、Mini Scooter 迷你踏板车Mobility Scooter 电动踏板车Moped Scooter 电动助力车/机动脚踏两用车Motor Scooter 小型摩托车Pocket Scooter 迷你踏板车Push Scooter 踏板车Razor Scooter 劲爆单脚踏板车Scooter 踏板车Sea Scooter 水上踏板车/滑水车Skate Scooter 四轮滑板Snow Scooter 雪上踏板车/滑雪车Surfing Scooter 冲浪式电动踏板车/冲浪车Swing Scooter 摇摆踏板车Three-Wheels Scooter 三轮踏板车Trike Swing
41、Scooter 三轮摇摆踏板车Tri-Scooter 三轮踏板车Waver Scooter 摇摆踏板车相关词汇：China Scooter 中国踏板车China Scooter Exporter 中国踏板车出口商China Scooter Producers 中国踏板车生产商China Scooter Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商Scooter China Exporter 中国踏板车出口商Scooter China Producers 中国踏板车生产商Scooter China Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商Scooter Exporter 踏板车出口商Scooter Expo
42、rter China 中国踏板车出口商Scooter Exporters 踏板车出口商Scooter Factories 踏板车工厂Scooter Factory 踏板车工厂Scooter Manufacturer 踏板车制造厂家Scooter Manufacturers 踏板车制造商Scooter Manufacturing 踏板车制造Scooter Producer 踏板车生产商Scooter Producers 踏板车生产商Scooter Producers China 中国踏板车生产商Scooter Product 踏板车产品Scooter Products 踏板车产品Scooter
43、Supplier 踏板车供货商Scooter Suppliers 踏板车供货商Scooter Suppliers China 中国踏板车供货商China Zhejiang Yongkang Scooter Suppliers 对外贸易常用英语(1)They mainly trade with Japanese firms.他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。For the past five years,we have done a lot of trade with your company.在过去的五年中，我们与贵国进行了罅康拿骋住?/P Our trade is conducted on the
44、 basis of equality.我们是在平等的基础上进行贸易。There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you.和你们的羊毛贸易已有所减少。Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.我们的对外贸易不断发展。Trade in leather has gone up(down)3%.皮革贸易上升（下降）了百分之三。Trade in general is improving.贸易情况正在好转。Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts.我们公司主要
45、经营手工艺品。They are well-known in trade circles.他们在贸易界很有名望。We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我们在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易。To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspect of Chinas foreign policy.尊重买方国家的风俗习惯是我国贸易政策的一个重要方面。Our purpose is to
46、 explore the possibilities of developing trade with you.我们的目的是和你们探讨一下发展贸易的可能性。Words and Phrases foreign trade 对外贸易 overseas trade 海外贸易 international trade 国际贸易 to trade with 和进行贸易 to do business in a moderate way 做生意稳重 to do business in a sincere way 做生意诚恳 to make a deal 做一笔交易 deal 交易，经营，处理，与交往 to d
47、eal in 经营，做生意 to explore the possibilities of 探讨的可能性 trade circles 贸易界 to handle 经营某商品 to trade in 经营某商品 business scope/frame 经营范围 trading firm/house 贸易行，商行 对外贸易常用英语(2)Can we do a barter trade?咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢？Is it still a direct barter trade?这还算是一种直接的易货贸易吗？If you agree to our proposal of a barter tra
48、de,well give you paper in exchange for your timber.如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?我们订一个三角贸易协议好吗？A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.我们三方可进行三角贸易。Compensation trade is,in fact,a kind of loan.补偿贸易实际上是一种信贷。We may agree to do processing trade
49、 with you.我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。If youre interested in leasing trade,please let us know.如果你们有意做租赁贸易，请告诉我们。We wonder whether you do counter trade.我们不知道你们是否做抵偿贸易。Words and Phrases trade by commodities 商品贸易 visible trade 有形贸易 invisible trade 无形贸易 barter trade 易货贸易 bilateral trade 双边贸易 triangle trade 三角贸易 mul
50、tilateral trade 多边贸易 counter trade 对销贸易；抵偿贸易 counter purchase 互购贸易 buy-back 回购贸易 compensation trade 补偿贸易 processing trade 来料加工贸易 assembling trade 来料装配贸易 leasing trade 租赁贸易 in exchange for 用交换 trade agreement 贸易协议 UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)联合国贸易与发展会议 实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地