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1、专题07动词的时态、语态和主谓一致I、2021年高考真题试卷(全国甲卷语法填空T1)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It (build) originally to protect the city of the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). was built考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全 修复了。分析句子可知，空格处
2、为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去 式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was builto(全国甲卷语法填空T6)We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate, hired考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据 上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。(新高考I卷语法填空T6)You can t he
3、lp wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.was考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。 分析句子可知， “how hard it(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式, 安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。（河西区三模单项填空 T4）The
4、computers made by our company sell well but several years ago no one could haveimagined the role in the market that they.A. has playedB. were to playC. had playedD. playedB考查时态。句意：我们公司生产的电脑卖得很好，但是几年前没有人能想象到它将在市场中 扮演的角色。were to do是过去将来时，表示过去想象电脑将会起到的作用，前面的imagine 决定了后面要跟一个将要发生的动作。故选B。（河西区三模单项填空 T11）一
5、Lydia, what did our head-teacher say just now?一Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who to lead the groupasked to be at theschool gate before 6:30 in the morning.A. is; isB. are; areC. are; isD. is; areC考查主谓一致。一一莉迪亚，我们班主任刚才说什么了？一一要求每个男孩和女孩以及带队的 老师在早上六点半以前到校门口。第一空是定语从句中的谓语动词，这个定语从句的先行词 是t
6、he teachers,所以谓语动词使用复数形式。第二空是主句的谓语动词，句子的主语是Every boy and every girl,所以谓语动词使用单数形式。因为every/each/no+单数名词+ ev合y/each/n。做主语的时候，谓语动词使用单数形式。故C正确。（南开中学5月模拟单项填空 T8）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities steadily since1997.A. is risingB. are risingC. has been rising D. have been rising
7、考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1997年以来，在中国大学就读的外国学生人数一直在稳步上 升。根据since 1997 ”可知，本句为现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，再结合句意可知， 本句为现在完成进行时。the number of +名词复数，谓语动词为单数。故选C项。（南开中学5月模拟单项填空-T12）一 You speak very good French!一Thanks. I French in Nankai University for four years.A. studiedB. studyC. was studyingD. hadstudiedA考查时态。句意：一一你的法语讲的很好。
8、一一谢谢，我在南开大学学了 4年的法语。根据 句意，说话人在南开大学学了 4年的法语，应用一般过去时。故选A项。（天津芦台一中六模单项填空T6）Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. have developedB. had developedC. will have developedD. developedC考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们
9、将开发出更 方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025,可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then （到 那时），可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。（天津芦台一中六模-单项填空-T13）Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others essential to their development.A. isB. areC. wasD. wereA考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：一般来说，学生的内在动机和对他人的高期望对他们的发 展至关重要。作主语的名词或代词用介词with连接时,谓语动
10、词和with前的一个名词或代词 的人称和数一致。主语为motivation,故谓语为单数；根据语境及generally可知，描述 的为一般情况，故使用一般现在时态，故选A。（天津十二区县一模单项填空-T5）Many a famous pop star in the concert tonight, so Im looking forward to itvery much.A. are to performB. is performingC. was performingD. were to performB考查主谓一致及动词时态。句意：许多著名的流行歌手将在今晚的音乐会中表演，所以我非 常期待
11、。分析题意，Many a译为“许多的”修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。同时, 现在进行时可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的事，给人一种期待感。故选B项。（天津杨村一中一模-单项填空T13）The number of people, who have access to their own cars, sharply in the past decade.A. roseB. is risingC. have risenD. has risenD考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的十年里，拥有私家车的人数急剧增加。根据后文 in the past decade可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在应
12、用现在完成时，主语为The number of people,助动词应用has。故选1）。（天津耀华滨海学校适应性单项填空 T5）The photos, which while 1 was studying in Beijing, remind me of many happy memories.A. had takenB. were takenC. had been taken D. tookB考查动词时态语态。句意：这些照片是我在北京学习时拍的，让我想起了许多美好的回忆。 分析句子成分和句子结构可知，which引导非限制定语从句，修饰先行词photos；分析定语 从句句子成分可知，whic
13、h在从句中充当主语，代指photos,与谓语动词take之间是被动关 系，所以要用被动语态；根据后文的was studying可知，照片是过去拍的，所以要用一般过 去时的被动语态。故选B项。（天津耀华滨海学校适应性单项填空 T9）Up to now, large quantities of food to the people affected by the terrible earthquake.A. has been distributedB. have been distributedC. is being distributedD. are being distributedB考查动词
14、时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，大量的食物已经分发给了受可怕地震影 响的人们。根据上文“Up to now”可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系， 故应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为large quantities of food,助动词用have。故选B。（东北三校二模短文改错）I also talked about the ways I plan to accomplish my goals.考查时态。句意：我也谈到了我计划如何实现我的目标。整个短文都在叙述过去的事情，所 以本句为一般过去时。故plan改成planned。（齐齐哈尔市二模短文改错）He laugh so
15、much that he can even give me a smile at the most difficult time in his life.laugh laughs考查主谓一致。句意：他笑得那么多，他甚至可以在他（我们）生活中最困难的时候给我一个微笑。主语为He ,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故将laugh改为laughs。（齐齐哈尔市三模-短文改错）Now we had been living together for over two years.hadf have考查动词时态。句意：现在我们已经一起生活了两年多。根据时间状语for over two years 可知，此处
16、应该用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，并继续持续到将来。 故将had改为have。（齐齐哈尔市一模-短文改错）I was riding my bike clown to the corner shop on a Saturday morning when I attracted by a cute boy who was walking his dog.I后加was考查动词时态及语态。句意：一个星期六的早晨，我骑着我的自行车去街角的商店，这时我 被一个正在遛狗的可爱男孩吸引住了。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般 过去时，attract与主语I的被动关系，应用一般过去
17、时的被动语态。故I后加waso（齐齐哈尔市一模-短文改错）I was riding my bike clown to the corner shop on a Saturday morning when I was attracted by a cute boy who was walking his dog. Suddenly my neighbour drives past and honked （按喇叭）at me.drives-* drove 考查动词时态。句意：突然，我的邻居开车经过，对着我按喇叭。根据语境可知，此处描述 的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故drives改为drove。
18、（2021 玉林市一模短文改错）The forest of my hometown are beautiful no matter what the season is.are fis考查主谓一致。句意：无论什么季节，我家乡的森林都是美丽的。根据主语是The forest of my hometown,可知此处谓语动词要用单数形式。故将are改为is。（2021 玉林市一模短文改错）I drive on smiling at the magic of this moment and thanked God.drivedrove考查时态。句意：我继续开车，为这神奇的一刻而微笑，感谢，我开得很慢，
19、没有撞到那只 美丽的鹿。根据上文时态是一般过去时，可知此处也在表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去 时，要用动词的过去式。故将drive改为drove。（2021马鞍山市一模短文改错）To be honest, I felt clumsy when I first learn to play it.learn- learned考查一般过去时。句意：老实说，我第一次学篮球的时候觉得自己很笨。根据I felt clumsy 可知，此处应用一般过去时。故将learn改为learnedo（2021*柳州市三模短文改错）I still remember my first presentation in fr
20、ont of my entire class. When it comes to my turn, I was very nervous!comes-came考查时态。句意：轮到我的时候，我非常紧张!本文是作者回忆往事，所以事情发生在过去。故将comes改为came。（2021滨海学校开学模拟单项填空T5）time-consuming than wetime-consuming than weWriting out all the invitations by hand was moreA. will expectA. will expectB.are expectingC. expectD.
21、had expected考查时态。句意：手工写下所有的邀请函要比我们预料的花去更多的时间。根据句意可知我 们预料是在实际上写之前发生的，而本句中实际写花去的时间使用了过去时was,所以expect 使用过去完成时。故D正确。（2021滨海学校开学模拟单项填空m）一 Beijing is worth visiting. I there with my parents during the holidays.一 I agree. I have been there twice.A. wentB. have goneC. have beenD. am goingA考查动词时态。句意：一一北京值得一游
22、。我和我的父母在假期去了那里。一一我同意。我 去过那儿两次。结合语境可知，“我”和父母去北京是假期期间做过的事情，故应用一般过 去时。故选A。（2021大港一中入学模拟单项填空T12）一Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?一I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.A. stayedB. stayC. had stayedD. amstaying A试题分析：考查时态。句意：一一好久没见到你了！你去哪里了？一一我去了宁夏，并且在 那里支教一年。and
23、连接两个并列的谓语，and之前是一般过去时。所以and之后也要用一般 过去时来保持时态的一致，所以选A。（2021大港一中入学模拟单项填空T15）一Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?一Sorry. A. It is repaired.B. It has been repaired.C. It is being repaired.D. It had been repaired.C考查时态与语态。句意：-你好，特里，我今天下午可以用用你的电脑吗？ -对不起，它正在 被修理。本句主要考查的是时态的问题。由于句子
24、中没有时间状语，所以需要看上下文再决 定时态。根据上文可知，说话者需要使用对方的电脑，而对方婉拒了。由此可以推测，电脑 是正在被修理，故使用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。（2021汉沽六中一摸单项填空T6）My headache me. I thought it was going away, but it s going worse andworse.A. killedB. was killingC. killsD. iskillingD考查现在进行时。句意：我头痛得要命。我以为它会消失，但它正变得越来越糟。分析题意, 根据后文“我以为它会消失，但它正变得越来越糟”可知，此处表示“此时此刻头
25、正在痛”。 表示正在发生，正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。综上，故选D项。（2021汉沽六中一摸单项填空T7）The cost of living by ten percent before the government took any actionA. was goingB. went upC. has gone upD. had gone upD考查过去完成时。句意：在政府采取任何行动之前，生活费用已经上涨了 10虬 根据句意，此 处表示生活费用的涨价发生在政府采取行动之前。句中用动词过去时表示政府采取的行动， 表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时表发生于“采取措施”之前。故选D项。（2021汉
26、沽六中一摸单项填空T10）My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.A. will beB. had beenC. has beenD. have beenC考查现在完成时及主谓一致。句意：我父亲和他的一些老朋友已经去过那里了。分析题意， 题干中的“already”提示此处应用现在完成时。together with提示此处应用“就远原则”， My father为句子的主语，故用单数has。综上，故选C项。（2021汉沽六中一摸单项填空T13）The Changjiang River flood large a
27、reas, but since the Three Gorges Dam was built, the water of it produce electricity.A. was used to; is used toB. used to; used toC. used to; was used toD. was used to; used toC考查固定短语及动词时态语态。句意：长江过去常常泛滥成灾，但自从三峡大坝建成后，长 江的水就用来发电了。根据题意，第一空应用固定短语used to do sth.表示过去常常。第二 空的主句部分无动词，故此处需填谓语动词。逻辑主语the water
28、of it和use之间表示被 动逻辑，用固定搭配be used to do sth.表示被用于做某事。根据句意，此处应表示过去发 生的动作。故此处需用一般过去的被动语态。故选C项。（2021和平区期中模拟单项填空T8） I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ?D. leftA. was leavingB. had leftC. has leftD考查时态。句意：一一.听说简去圣岛度假了。一一多好啊！你知道她是什么时候去的么？ leave 这一动作发生
29、在过去，所以用一般过去时，故选D。（2021和平区期中模拟单项填空T11）Unfortunately, my classmates and I went to the Art Museum last Monday, only to be told that it .A. is being decoratedB. was being decoratedC. decoratedD. was decoratedB考查动词时态和语态。句意：不幸的是，我和我的同学上周一去了艺术博物馆，却被告知它 正在被装修。根据last Monday可知，描述的是过去的情况，谓语动词用过去时；主语it指 代艺术博物馆，
30、和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，谓语动词应用被动语态；结合语境可知，装修 的动作当时正在进行，故谓语动词应用过去进行时的被动语态。故选B项。（2021河西区期中模拟单项填空T9）一Why do you look so worried?一My Macbook Pro broke down and my paper unfinished since.A. was leftB. has leftC. leftD. has been leftD考查时态。句意：一一为什么你看起来如此担心？一一我的笔记本电脑坏了，论文也没有完 成。此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，my paper和leave是被动关系，所以
31、用现在完(浙江卷语法填空T1)It doesn，t impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln，s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.has proved/has proven考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下 深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，
32、就被证明 对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概 念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has,提示词prove的 过去分词形式是 proved 或 proven。故
33、填 has proved/ has proven。(浙江卷语法填空 T5)Marys niece wrote, “The little home 5 (paint) white* was painted考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作 谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语 动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时 态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人 称，所以要用was,提
34、示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。(浙江卷语法填空T10)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and10 (sell) most of their furniture.sold考查动词时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分成时的被动语态，故选D。（2021河西区期末模拟单项填空叮3）WeWewon t start thework until all the preparationsA.are bein
35、g madeB. will be madeC.have been madeD. had been madenot.until切准备就绪后我们才开始工作。根据句意，preparations与谓语make之间是被 动关系，谓语动词应该用被动语态；分析句子结构可知，这是一个not. 一 until引导的时间 状语从句，主句中用一般将来时won，t ,从句中应该用现在时态的一种形式；结合句意，从 句用现在完成时强调“做好准备”这个动作，对现在的影响就是可以“开始工作了，符合 语境及语法结构。综上分析，谓语动词应该用现在完成时的被动语态have been made。故选 C项。（2021河西区期末模拟单
36、项填空T4）The news that he referred us disappointed.A. to madeB. to makingC. to makeD. to have madeA考查固定短语和谓语动词。句意：他提到的那个消息使我们失望。分析句子可知that he referred是一个定语从句，先行词为主语The news,在从句中作宾语，而referred为不及 物动词，必须借助to才能接宾语，并且refer to为固定短语，意为“提到，涉及“，而make 在本句中作谓语，根据语境，应用一般过去式，故为made,故选A项。（2021红桥区期中模拟单项填空42）-Haven, t
37、 seen you for ages! Where have you been?一I went to Ningxia and there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.A. stayedB. stayC. had stayedD. amstaying考查时态。句意：一一好久没见到你了！你去哪里了？一一我去了宁夏，并且在那里支教一 年。and连接两个并列的谓语，and之前是一般过去时。所以and之后也要用一般过去时来保 持时态的一致，所以选A。（2021红桥区期中模拟单项填空410）Tom had to have his car repaired i
38、n a garage because it seriously.A. damagedB. was being damagedC. had damagedD. had been damaged考查时态。句意：汤姆不得不把车送到汽修厂，因为它受损严重。说明车在送到汽修厂前被损坏的，汽车和损坏是被动关系，因此用过去完成时的被动语态，选D。（2021静海区四校12月模拟单项填空T14）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have b
39、een trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“whoin the mountains for two days” 是定语从句，修饰 two tourists, two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事 情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。 综上，D选项正确。点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过 去”，其表达形式为
40、had done,被动语态的表达形式为had been done。（2021静海区一中1月模拟单项填空T11）Mr Wang said that he the problem before the plan was carried out. However, he was asked to do it again.A. explainsB. has explainedC. had explainedD. was explainingC考查时态。句意：王先生说他在计划实施之前已经解释了这个问题，但是他被要求再解释一 遍。动词| explain作宾语从句的谓语动词，根据句意，该动词发生在was c
41、arried out之前, 即过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时态。故选C。（2021南开区3月模拟单项填空叮8）一 You looked anxious just now.一 I John at ten, but he didn t turn up.A. expectedB. was expectingC. would expectD. had expectedB考查时态。句意：一一你刚才看起来很焦虑。一一我十点钟在等约翰，但他没来。根据句中“at ten”和“didn t”可知，逗号前句子陈述的是过去某个时间点正在发生的事，应用过 去进行时，句式为“主语+was/were+动词ing+其他”
42、，主语I与was连用，expect意为“期 待，等待”，动词词性，动词ing形式为expecting。故选B项。（2021南开区期中模拟单项填空47）The flying car Transition can travel at speeds up to 115 mph for 450 miles in the air, at highway speeds on the ground, and fold up to fit in a standard garage. A. drivingB. driveC. to driveD. driven考查谓语动词。句意：飞车Transition能在空中
43、以115英里每小时的速度行驶450英里，在 地面以高速公路的速度行驶，还能折叠起来放进一个标准的车库。此处与句中动词travel和 fold up作并列的谓语，根据句中情态动词can可知，这里用动词原形。故选B。（2021南开区期中模拟单项填空T8）Recently many famous universities and colleges have come to our school to enroll new students on their own, and many excellent students contracts with them. A. have offeredB.
44、were offeredC. have been offeredD. had been offeredC考查动词时态和语态。句意：最近，许多著名的大学和学院来我们学校自主招生，许多优秀 的学生已经与他们签订了合同。根据句中时间状语recently可知，用现在完成时。主语 excellent students与offer之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选C。（2021南开区期中模拟单项填空415）The number of people in the world about 6 billion and large quantities of waste each year.A. total;
45、has been producedB. totals; is producedC. totals; are producedD. total; are being producedC考查主谓一致。句意：世界人口总数约为60亿，每年产生大量垃圾。the number of +复数 名词，表示“的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式。quantities of +可数名词或不可数 名词，表示“大量的”，谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。（2021南开中学二模单项填空T8）I took notes during the meeting, but I so far.I took notes during the me
46、eting, but I so far.a chance to write them into a reportB. haven t hadA. didn t haveD. won t haveC. hadn t hadB考查时态。句意：会议期间我做了笔记，但到目前为止我还没有机会把它们写进报告里。根 据句中时间状语so far可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故B选项正确。（2021南开中学一模单项填空T6）It was the first time that he the New Coastal Area of Tianjin and was so impressed by its fast d
47、evelopment.A. have visitedB. visitedC. had visitedD. would visitC考查时态。句意：这是他第一次来到天津这个新的沿海地区，天津的快速发展给他留下了深 刻印象。分析题意，根据固定搭配It +be+the +序数词+time+that （某人第几次做某事）可 知，若be动词为was时，从句的动词用过去完成时。故此处的时态为过去完成时。综合分析, 故选C项。（2021南开中学一模单项填空T10）Zhong Nanshan, as well as three other outstanding medical workers, the highest honor of our country last month.A. are awardedB. is awardedC. were awardedD. was awardedD考查主谓一致和语态。句意：上个月，钟南山等三名优秀医务工作者被授予国家最高荣誉。 根据last month可知此处用一般过去时态，as well as连接并列主语时需要遵循就远原则， 所以谓语动词和Zhong Nanshan保持一致，故选I）项。（2021塘沽一中一模单项填空T4） John in the United States for dec