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1、高等职业教育自动化专业“双证课程”培养方案规划教材自动化专业英语自动化专业英语English for AutomationEnglishforAutomationContentsUnit 1Unit 1Unit 2Unit 2Unit 3Unit 3Unit 4Unit 4Unit 5Unit 5Unit 6Unit 6Unit 7Unit 7Unit 8Unit 8Unit 9Unit 9Unit 10Unit 10EnglishforAutomationReading AUnit 1The main components used in electronics are of two gen
2、eraltypes:passive(e.g.resistors and capacitors)and active(e.g.transistors and integrated circuits).The main difference betweenactive and passive components is that active ones require to bepoweredinsomewaytomakethemwork.PassiveComponentsTheResistorA resistor(Figure 1-1)is a piece ofmaterialthatobeys
3、Ohms Law.Thenamecomesfromitsmainproperty;itresiststheflow of charge through itself,henceallowingustocontrolthecurrent.Resistorscanbemadeofvariouskindsofmaterial,butwhateverthechoiceitmustconduct some electricity otherwise itwouldntbeofanyuse.EnglishforAutomationTwowiresareconnectedtooppositeendsofth
4、e resistor(Figure 1-2).When we apply apotentialdifferencebetweenthewireswesetupacurrentfromonewiretotheother,throughtheresistor.Thesizeofthecurrentisproportionaltothedifferenceinvoltagebetweenthewires.Theresistance(inunitsofOhms)isdefinedastheratiooftheappliedvoltage,V(inVolts),dividedby the current
5、,I(in Amps),produced by theappliedvoltage.Unit 1Thevalueisusuallydisplayedusingstandardcolourcode(Figure1-3).EnglishforAutomationUnit 1TheCapacitorIf you look at a catalogue of electroniccomponentsyoullfindanenormousvarietyofsizes and types of capacitor.However,formostpurposeswecandividecapacitorsin
6、totwobasictypes:dielectricandelectrolytic.Acapacitoractsasachargestore(Figure1-4).Itcontainsapairofmetalplatesseparatedbyathinsheetofinsulatingmaterial.Theplatesareelectricallyneutral-thenumberofpositiveprotonsineachexactlyequalsthenumberofnegativeelectrons.However,ifweconnectwirestotheplatesandappl
7、yexternalvoltagewecandragelectronsoffoneplateandpushthemontotheother.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Thistakesenergy,i.e.wehavetodoworkcharging the capacitor.The result is acapacitorwithoneplatepositivelychargedandtheothernegativelycharged.Theenergyusedtomovechargeisstoredbythisimbalance.Ifweconnecttwopla
8、testogetherwitharesistor,theelectronsrushbackhomereleasingtheirenergyagain.Thevoltagebetweentheplatesof a charged capacitor is proportional to theamountofchargemoved.Thecharge/voltageratio for any specific capacitor is called thecapacitance(Figure1-5).TheDiodeThere are a number of differentelectroni
9、cdeviceswhichtendtobecalleddiodes(Figure1-6).Althoughtheyremadedifferently they all have three things incommon.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Theyhavetwoleadslikearesistor.Thecurrenttheypassdependsuponthevoltagebetweentheleads.TheydonotobeyOhmslaw!Asanexamplewewilluseatypicaldiodecalledapn-junction.Thisa
10、llowsustoexplainbehaviorofdiodes.Remember,however,thatthereareothersortsofdiodeswhicharebuiltdifferentlybutshowthesamegeneralbehavior.We create a pn-junction by joining together two pieces ofsemiconductor,one doped n-type,the other p-type.This causes adepletion zonetoformaroundthejunction(thejoin)be
11、tweenthetwomaterials.Thiszonecontrolsthebehaviorofthediode.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Notes1.Whenweapplyapotentialdifferencebetweenthewireswesetupacurrentfromonewiretotheother,throughtheresistor.本句是由Whenwe引导的时间状语从句。本句可译为：当在两导线间施加一个电势差时，就会有电流通过电阻器从一根导线传递到另一根导线。2.Ifweconnectwirestotheplatesandapplyanex
12、ternalvoltagewecandragelectronsoffoneplateandpushthemontotheother.本句是由Ifwe引导的条件状语从句，wecandrag为主句部分。本句可译为：如果我们将导线连接到金属板上，并且外加电压，电子就从一块金属板扯拽到另一块上。3.Thereareothersortsofdiodeswhicharebuiltdifferentlybutshowthesamegeneralbehavior.本句为简单句。本句可译为：还有很多种不同结构的二极管，但他们有相同的一般性能。EnglishforAutomationUnit 1ExerciseE
13、XERCISE1Mark the following statements with T(True)or F(False)according to the passage.1.Active components are different from passive components in somewaytomakethemwork.2.Theresistanceis oftenconsideredastheratioofthecurrent,I(inAmps).3.Ifwiresareconnectedtotheplatesandanexternalvoltageisappliedelec
14、tronscanbedraggedoffoneplateandtheyarepushedontotheother.4.Althoughdiodesaremadedifferentlytheyallhavethesameinthreeways.5.Someofdiodesaredifferentlyandshowdifferentbehavior.TFTTFEnglishforAutomationUnit 1ExerciseEXERCISE2Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.1.activecomponents_2.欧
15、姆定律3.potentialdifference_4.施加电压5.insulatingmaterial_6.正质子7.electronicdevice_8.耗尽层有源元件有源元件电势差电势差绝缘材料绝缘材料电子器件电子器件OhmsLawappliedvoltagepositiveprotonsdepletionzoneEnglishforAutomationUnit 1Reading BActiveComponentsJunctionFieldEffectTransistorsJunctionfieldeffecttransistors(JFETs)come in two flavors,p-
16、channel and n-channel(Figure1-7).Ineachcaseabar,orchannel,of one type of semiconductormaterialislocatedinsideabulkmaterialoftheotherkindi.e.pinsiden,orninsidep.Apairofmetalliccontactsisplacedateachendofthechannel.Whenweapplyavoltagebetweenthese,acurrentcanflowalongthe channel from one contact to the
17、 other.The contact whichlauncheschargesalongthechanneliscalledthesource;theonethateatsthemattheotherendiscalledthedrain.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1In an n-channel device,the channel is made of n-typesemiconductor,sothechargesfreetomovealongthechannelarenegatively(hence n)charged-they are electrons.In
18、 a p-channeldevicethefreechargeswhichmovefromend-to-endarepositively(hencep)charged-theyareholes(Figure1-8).Rememberthataholeistheabsenceofanelectron.Ineachcasethesourceputsfreshchargesintothechannelwhilethedrainremovesthemattheotherend.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Someofthebasicpropertiesexhibited by
19、a Bipolar Transistor areimmediatelyrecognizableasbeingdiode-like.However,when the filling of thesandwich is fairly thin some interestingeffectsbecomepossiblethatallowustouse the Transistor as an amplifier or aswitch.ToseehowtheBipolarTransistorworks we can concentrate on the NPNvariety.BipolarTransi
20、storABipolarTransistor(Figure1-9)essentiallyconsistsofapairofPNJunctionDiodesthatarejoinedback-to-back.Thisformsasortofasandwichwhereonekindofsemiconductorisplacedin-betweentwoothers.Therearethereforetwokindsofbipolarsandwich,theNPNand PNP varieties.The three layers of the sandwich areconventionally
21、calledtheCollector,Base,andEmitter.Thereasonsforthesenameswillbecomeclearlateronceweseehowthetransistorworks.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Figure 1-10 shows the energy levels in an NPN transistorwhenwearentexternallyapplyinganyvoltages.Wecanseethatthe arrangement looks like a back-to-back pair of PN Dio
22、dejunctions with a thin P-type filling between two N-type slices ofbread.IneachoftheN-typelayersconductioncantakeplacebythefreemovementofelectronsintheconductionband.IntheP-type(filling)layerconductioncantakeplacebythemovementofthefreeholesinthevalenceband.However,intheabsenceofanyexternallyappliede
23、lectricfield,wefindthatdepletionzonesformatbothPN-Junctions,sonochargewantstomovefromonelayertoanother.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Considernowwhathappens when we apply amoderatevoltagebetweentheCollectorandBasepartsofthetransistor.The polarity of theapplied voltage is chosen toincrease the force pulli
24、ng theN-type electrons and P-typeholesapart(Figure1-11).Thiswidens the depletion zonebetween the Collector andbaseandsonocurrentwillflow.Ineffectwehavereverse-biasedtheBase-Collectordiodejunction.TheprecisevalueoftheBase-Collector voltage we choose doesnt really matter to whathappens provided we don
25、t make it too big and blow up thetransistor!EnglishforAutomationExerciseUnit 1EXERCISE3Choose the best electronic components according to the information given._A.Transistor B.DiodeC.CapacitorD.ResistorE.ConnectorF.LEDCEBFDAEnglishforAutomationExerciseUnit 1EXERCISE4Abbreviations are very useful in
26、practical work.Read them and then translate them into corresponding Chinese terms.1.A.C.AlternatingCurrent_2.ADCAnalog/DigitalConversion_3.AFAudioFrequency_4.AFCAutomaticFrequencyControl_5.AGCAutomaticGainControl_6.AMAmplitudeModulated_交流交流数数/模转换模转换音频音频自动频率控制自动频率控制自动增益控制自动增益控制调幅调幅EnglishforAutomatio
27、nUnit 1Glance at the structure The following is the Electronic Component Structure.SampleEnglishforAutomationUnit 1ExplanationsoftheNPNTransistorTermsNo.NameExplanation1Emitter(E)射极2diffusion扩散3Base(B)基极4drift漂移5Collector(C)集电极6n-typen型7depletionregion耗尽层8p-typeP型9NPNNPN型晶体管EnglishforAutomationUnit
28、1EXERCISE5The following is the Electronic Component Structures.After reading them,you are required to choose the suitable words or phrases given below.Emitter-BaseJunction(EBJ)Emitter(E)PNPp-typeCollector-BaseJunction(CBJ)n-typeBaseregionp-typeEmitterregionCollector(C)Base(B)EnglishforAutomationUnit
29、 11._2._3._4._5._6._7._8._9._Emitter(E)p-typeEmitterregionn-typeBaseregionp-typeCollectorregionCollector(C)Emitter-BaseJunction(EBJ)Base(B)Collector-BaseJunction(CBJ)PNPEnglishforAutomationUnit 1Section AThe following is the Typical Vertical Chip Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Construction,and you
30、can understand the name of the Capacitor.Sample EnglishforAutomationUnit 1ExplanationsoftheCapacitorConstructionNo.NameExplanation1Aluminumcase铝壳2Plate底座3Electrodelead电极引线4In-moldsupplementalterminal型内附加端子5SealRubber密封橡胶6Adhesiveresinforbonding粘合树脂胶7Element元件EnglishforAutomationUnit 1EXERCISE6Comple
31、te the information by translating the part given in Chinese.StructureofAluminumElectrolyticCapacitor(RadialLeadType)EnglishforAutomationUnit 11.A.leadwireB.insulatorC.plate2.A.element B.sealantC.electrode3.A.sealrubberB.leadwireC.metalcase4.A.capacitorelementB.sealantC.aluminumcase5.A.resistorB.coil
32、C.conductr6.A.integratedcircuitB.negativeelectronC.fasteningtape7.A.anodelayerB.conductionbandC.bulkmaterial8.A.appliedvoltageB.electrolyticpaperC.electricfield9.A.cathodelayerB.potentialdifferenceC.valencebandABCABCABAEnglishforAutomationUnit 1Section BThis section will help you how to understand A
33、luminum Electrolytic Capacitor failure.Sample TypicalAluminumElectrolyticCapacitorFailureModesandTheirCausesEnglishforAutomationUnit 1EnglishforAutomationUnit 1EXERCISE7The following is the manufacture of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor.After reading them,you are required to choose the interpretatio
34、ns given in Column C match the Functions given in Column A.ABCTheanodeinthealuminumelectrolytic capacitor is made from ahigh-purity aluminum foil with analuminumoxidethinfilmdielectriconits surface.The manufacturing processflow for the aluminum electrolyticcapacitorsisasfollows:1.A.Step 1:SlitThe an
35、ode foil,cathode foil,andelectrolytepaperarecuttothespecifiedwidth from the source rolls of thespecifiedlength.BEnglishforAutomationUnit 12.B.Step 2 Lead AttachmentLeads for contacting the cathode andanodefoilelectrodesareattachedeitherbycrimpingorbyultrasonicwelding.3.C.Step 3 CoilingThe electrolyt
36、ic paper is layeredbetween the anode foil and the electrodefoil.A coiled construction separates theelectrodes.Whenthestructureiscoiledinthismanneritisknownasan“element”.4.D.Step 4 AssemblyTherubberplugisattachedtothefilledelement.Then,theelementisplacedinthecase.5.E.Step 5 Sleeve AttachmentThecaseis
37、slippedintoasleeveprintedwith the rated voltage,capacitance,andpolarity.After which,the sleeve is heatshrunkontothecase.DAECEnglishforAutomationUnit 1Practical ActivityHow Coin and Multilayer Electric Double-layer Capacitors AreManufacturedActivated charcoal and binders aremixedandformedintoasheet.D
38、isks with specific diameters arepunchedoutoftheelectrodesheet.A conductive adhesive is used toadhere the electrodes punched from thesheettothemetalcaseandcapthatwillformthecapacitor.Afterdrying,thecaseandcap(withtheelectrodesgluedinside)arefilledwithanorganic liquid electrolyte inside a drybox.The c
39、ase and cap are assembledtogether with a separator and a gasket,andthecaseiscrimpedinacasetosealtheopening,formingacoincell.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1100%of the coin cells aresubjectedtoelectricaltesting.Becausethewithstandvoltageof the individual coin cells isbetween 2.8 and 3.0 V,two orthreeofthes
40、ecellsareconnectedinseries.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1PartVListeningandSpeakingTalkingAboutProductsDialogueOneA:Whatsthis,Mike?B:Itsanaluminumcapacitor.A:Isitmadeofaluminum?B:Yes.Theyarecomposedoftworolledupstripsofaluminumfoils.A:Whatsitscapacitancerange?B:Itcoversthecapacitancerangingfrom0.1Fto500,
41、000F.A:Woo,itreallyhasawiderange.B:Anditalsohasawidetolerancerange,usually20%ormore.A:Howaboutitsworkingvoltage?B:Workingvoltagesrangefrom10Vto100V.A:Oh,sotheymusthavewideapplications.B:Actually,theyarenotsuitedforhigh-frequencycouplingapplications.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1DialogueTwoA:Whatareyoudo
42、ing,Sam?B:Imsolderingasurface-mountedaluminumcapacitor.A:Familiarizeyourselfwiththeinstructions,please.Otherwise,itwouldbedangerous!B:Really?Ihavenoideaaboutit.A:Itmaycauseanexplosion,fire,orotherserioustroubles!B:OhmyGod!Thatsawful!A:Soyoudbettersolderitunderspecifiedoperatingconditions!B:Couldyoug
43、ivemesomehints?A:Firstly,youshouldkeeptheoperatingtemperatureandripplecurrentinspecifiedranges.B:WhatstheconsequenceifIwouldnotdolikethat?A:Itwillbeoverheated,resultingperhapsinshort-circuit,ignition,orotherfatalfault!B:IsthereanythingelseIshouldpayattentionto?A:Yes.Ihavealuminumcapacitoruseinstruct
44、ions.Letmeshowyou,comewithme.B:Thankyouverymuch.EnglishforAutomationUnit 1New Words(1)electronica.电子的componentn.元件electronicsn.电子设备passivea.无源的activea.有源的resistorn.电阻器capacitorn.电容器transistorn.晶体管integrateda.集成的circuitn.电路ohmn.欧姆propertyn.性能chargen.电荷v.充电currentn.电流conductv.导电electricityn.电potential
45、n.电势wiren.导线voltagen.电压resistancen.电阻ration.比率applyv.施加ampn.安培voltn.伏特valuen.值dielectrica.电介质的electrolytica.电解质的platen.金属板sheetn.板insulatev.绝缘neutrala.中性的positivea.正的protonn.质子negativea.负的electronn.电子imbalancen.不平衡releasev.释放capacitancen.电容dioden.二极管leadn.引线junctionn.结behaviorn.性能semiconductorn.半导体d
46、opev.掺杂depletionn.耗尽joinn.结EnglishforAutomationUnit 1fieldn.场effectn.效应transistorn.晶体管flavorn.特点；特色channeln.沟道bulkn.火块；容量；体积gaten.门极sourcen.源极drainn.漏极metallica.金属的contactn.触点launchv.释放holen.空穴viewn.视图bipolara.双极的layern.层collectorn集电极basen基极emittern.发射极exhibitv.呈现amplifiern.放大器leveln.级arrangementn.排
47、列conductionn.导电bandn.带valencen.原子价polarityn.极性reverse-biasv.反向偏压New Words(2)EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Phrases and Expressions(1)electroniccomponent电子元件passivecomponent无源元件activecomponent有源元件integratedcircuit集成电路OhmsLaw欧姆定律potentialdifference电势差beproportionalto与成正比inunitsof单位为bedefinedas定义为appliedvol
48、tage施加电压insulatingmaterial绝缘材料positiveproton正质子negativeelectron负电子dowork做功electronicdevice电子器件pn-junctionp-n结depletionzone耗尽层EnglishforAutomationUnit 1Phrases and Expressions(2)JunctionFieldEffectTransistors(JFETs)结型场效应晶体管p-channelp沟道n-channeln沟道bulkmaterial松散材料metalliccontact金属触点electricfield电场view
49、fromabove俯视图BipolarTransistor双极型晶体管PNJunctionDiodePN结二极管energylevel能级conductionband导电带valenceband价电子带blowup熔断EnglishforAutomationReading AUnit 2Anelectroniccircuitisaclosedpathorpathsformedbytheinterconnectionofelectroniccomponentsthroughwhichanelectriccurrentcanflow.Physically,anelectroniccircuitca
50、nbeassmallasapinpointorcover many miles.They are constructed by connecting electroniccomponentstogetherwithconductors,whichallowelectricitytoflowbetweenthecomponents.Integratedcircuits(Figure2-1)aresmallcircuits constructed from a piece of semiconductor housed in aprotectivepackage.While larger circ