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1、高考语法专题：动词的时态和语态高考语法专题：动词的时态和语态1 . 一般现在时(do, does, am, is, are)(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态、特征和普遍真理，一般不表示一个具体的动作。常用often, usually, always,sometimes, every day 等。Light travels faster than sound.(2)表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况(这种用法只限于The train leaves at 10 a. m.(3)表示现在进行时：There goes the bell.(4)在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来：You will
2、catch the train if you hurry up.2 .一般过去时(did, was, were)(1)表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性动作，只表过去，与现在无关。Who broke the window?(2)表示客气，与过去时无关：Would/Could you please give me a hand?3. 一般将来时表示说话时看来将要发生的动作或情况，有多种表达方式：(1)shall(will)do:We will meet you at the airport.2 2) be going to do,打算、准备干;即将发生：3 3) be to do,按计划、安
3、排发生：They are to hand in their plan next week.(4)be about to do,就要干某事,不与时间状语连用：We are about to leave.(5)be doing,用现在进行时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.4 .现在进行时(am/is/are doing)表示说话时正在进行的动作， 与now连用：They are listening to music now.5 .过去进行时(was/were doing)表示过去某时正在进行的动作, 动作没有完成：At t
4、hat time he was working in a laboratory.注意：与一般过去时的区别：He was reading a novel last night.(正在读，没读完)He read a novel last night.(读完了)6 .现在完成时(have/has done)(1)动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响，与already, just, ever, yet,before, recently等连用，谓语用瞬间动词：Who has opened the door?(含义：The door was opened. It isstill open. It s cold.
5、)(2)动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，与for, since或 sofar, these days, in the past five years 连用，谓语用延续 性动词：(3)过去动作到现在为的总和。How many English words have you learned?(4)have been to a place/have gone to a placeHe has gone to Beijing.(主要强调 He isn, t here.)7 .过去完成时(had done)是时态中的又一难点，不是字面意思，而是表示过去某时或某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过宾语从句中
6、：The meeting had already begun when they arrived.8 .现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)表示现在以前一直在进行的动作，也可停止一会儿，用延续动词，与现在完成时相比，更强调“一直在进行”：We have just been talking about you.Your mother has been looking for you and she still is.9 .一般过去将来时表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，与一般将来时一样，也有多种表达方式：He said they would return soon.She s
7、aid that there was going to be a film.We were to meet at about 5.She said she was leaving soon.I was about to leave when he came in.10 .将来完成时(will have done)从现在看来,到将来某时已经 完成11 .将来进行时(will be doing)：This time next year you will be studying at college.12 .过去完成进行时(had been doing)：He said that he had been painting the house all day.13 .将来完成进行时(will have been doing)：hours.和：How many English words have you learned?(4)have been to a place/have gone to a placeHe has gone to Beijing.(主要强调 He isn t here.)