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1、珠珠丽莉MBA英语阅读理解真题黑体词汇复习修订版IBMT standardization office IBMT5AB-IBMT08-IBMT2C-ZZT18 thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual cla
2、rity by organising the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it s possible to organi2e the experts information to gi
3、ve the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it s a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions. (382 words )Pas
4、sage 3Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt
5、 to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already s
6、tarted: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The reviewSports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in themiddle of the next century，丘 explained that the consumers would be able to select th
7、eir view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainer s stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game.
8、And at their disposal will be the sane options the producer of the recorded programmer has to select replays, to choose which camera to me and to decide on the sound whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on.Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at
9、 home with the new technologies will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball than ever on television, for examp
10、le, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that television harming the modest team.This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events conti
11、nually attract larger audience.The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionaiy executi
12、ves go further. That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport why not have sports taken over television? ( 439 words )Passage 4Convenience food helps companies by creating growth, but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilization, the
13、microwave is the last enemy. The communion（共享）of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates households citizens from waiting for mealtimes. The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table
14、, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150000 years could be destroyed.Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of convenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain somethin
15、g of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the day s first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermined by the com flake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar.Convenience
16、 food has also made people forget how to cook. One of the apparent paradoxes of modem food is that while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fallen from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13M a day in 2002, the number of cooks and television programmer on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isn
17、 t a paradox. Maybe it is because people can t cook anymore, so they need to be told how to do it, or maybe it is because people buy books about hobbies一golf,yachting-not about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby.Although evetybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are
18、 increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silverstein s new book, “Trading up” look at mid-range consumer s milling now to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cook pots, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the kitchen as theater” trend in hour
19、 goods. They cost from 51000 to $9000. Some 75% of them are never used.Convenience also has an impact on the healthiness, or otherwise, of food, of course there is nothing bad about ready to eat food itself. You don t get much healthier than an apple, and supermarkets sell a better for you range of
20、ready-meals. But there is a limit to the number of apples people want to eat; and these days it is easier for people to eat the kind of food that makes them fatThe three Harvard economists in their paper “Why have Americans become more obese?” point out that in the past, if people wanted to eat fatt
21、y hot food, they had to cook it. That took time and energy a good chip needs frying twice, once to cook the potato and once to get it crispy (脆) 一which discouraged of consumption of that cost of food. Mass preparation of food took away that constraint. Nobody has to cut and double-cook their own fri
22、es these days. Who has the time? (512 words )2004年阅读理解Passage 1Less than 40 years ago in the United States, it was common to change a one-dollar bill for a dollars worth of silver. That is because the coins were actually made of silver. But those days aregone. There is no silver in todays coins. Whe
23、n the price of the precious metal rises above its face value as money, the metal will become more valuable in other uses. Silver coins are no longer in circulation because the silver in coins is worth much more than their face value. A silver firm could find that it is cheaper to obtain silver by me
24、lting down coins than by buying it on the commodity markets. Coins today are made of an alloy of cheaper metals.Greshams Law, named after Sir Thomas Gresham, argues that good moneyn is driven out of circulation by bad money11. Good money differs from bad money because it has higher commodity value.G
25、resham lived in the 16rh century in England where it was common for gold and silver coins to be debased. Governments did this by mixing cheaper metals with gold and silver. The governments could thus make a profit in coinage by issuing coins that had less precious metal than the face value indicated
26、. Because different mixings of coins had different amounts of gold and silver, even though they bore the same face value, some coins were worth more than others as commodities. People who dealt with gold and silver could easily see the difference between the good and the bad money. Gresham observed
27、that coins with a higher content of gold and silver were kept rather than being used in exchange, or were melted down for their precious metal. In the mid-1960s when the U.S. issued new coins to replace silver coins, Greshams law went right in action.By the mid-nineteenth century, the term ice-box h
28、ad entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butte
29、r. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possib
30、le because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.
31、 The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not un
32、til near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Was
33、hington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard i
34、n neat, one-poundbricks.One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.Passage 3Today, the computer has taken up appliance status in more than 42 percent of households across the United States. And
35、these computers are increasingly being wired to the Internet. Online access was up more than 50 percent in just the past year. Now, more than one quarter of all U.S. households can surf in cyberspace.Mostly, this explosive growth has occurred democratically. The online penetration and computer owner
36、ship increases extend across all the demographic levels一by race, geography, income, and education.We view these trends as favorable without the slititest question because we clearly see computer technology as empowering. In fact, personal growth and a prosperous U.S. economy are considered to be the
37、 long-range rewards of individual and collective technological power.Now for the not-so-good news. The governments analysis spells out so-called digital divide. That is, the digital explosion is not booming at the same pace for everyone. Yes, it is true that we are all plugged in to a much greater d
38、egree than any of us have been in the past. But some of us are more plugged in than others and are getting plugged in far more rapidly. And this gap is widening even as the pace of the information age accelerates through society.Computer ownership and Internet access are highly classified along line
39、s of wealth, race, education, and geography. The data indicates that computer ownership and online access aregrowing more rapidly among the most prosperous and well educated: essentially, wealthy white people with high school and college diplomas and who are part of stable, two-parent households.The
40、 highest income bracket households, those earning more than $75,000 annually, are 20 times as likely to have access to the Internet as households at the lowest income levels, under $10,000 annually. The computer penetration rate at the high-income level is an amazing 76.56 percent, compared with 8 p
41、ercent at the bottom end of the scale.Technology access differs widely by educational level. College graduates are 16 times as likely to be Internet surfers at home as are those with only elementary-school education. If you look at the differences between these groups in rural areas, the gap widens
42、to a twenty-six-fbld advantage for the college-educated.From the time of the last study, the information access gap grew by 29 percent between the highest and lowest income groups, and by 25 percent between the highest and lowest education levels.In the long run, participation in the information age
43、 may not be a zero sum game, where if some groups win, others must lose. Eventually, as the technology matures we are likely to see penetration levels approach all groups equally. This was true for telephone access and television ownership, but eventually can be cold comfort in an era when tomorrow
44、is rapidly different from today and unrecogni2able compared with yesterday.Just over a year ago, I foolishly locked up my bicycle outside my office, but forgot to remove the pannier （挂蓝）.When I returned the pannier had been stolen. Inside it were about ten of the litde red notebook I take everywhere
45、 for jotting down ideas for articles, short stories, TV shows and the like.When I lost my notebooks, I was devastated; all the ideas Td had over the past two years were contained within their pages. I could remember only a few of them, but had the impression that those I couldnt recall were truly br
46、illiant. Those litde books were crammed with the plots of award-winning novels and scripts for radio comedy shows that were only two-thirds as bad as the ones on at the moment.Thats not all, though. In my reminiscence, my lost notebooks contained sketches for many innovative and incredible machines.
47、 In one book there was a design for a device that could turn sea water into apple cider; in another, plan for an automatic dog; in a third, sketches for a pair of waterproof shoes with television screens built into the toes. Now all of these plans are lost to humanity.I found my notebooks again. It
48、turns out they werent in the bike pannier at all, but in a carrier bag in my spare room, where I found six months after supposedly losing them. And when I flipped throudi their pages, ready to run to the patent office in the morning, I discovered they were completely full of rubbish.Discovering the
49、notebooks really shook me up. I had firmly come to believe they werebrimming with brilliant, inventive stuff-and yet clearly they werent. 1 had deluded myself.After surveying my nonsense, I found that this halo effect always attaches itself to things that seem irretrievably lost. Dont we all have a sneaking feeling that the weather was sunnier, TV shows funnier and cake-shop buns bunnier in the not-vety-distant past?All this would not matter much except that it is a pow