高中英语二轮复习语法主谓一致讲解及练习题.docx

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1、高中英语语法主谓一致讲解及练习题本文主要讲解主谓一致,并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 主谓一致中的靠近原则 谓语动词与前面的主语一致等常见考点。主谓一致是指:1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produc

2、ed last year.1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A

3、. isB. was C. are D. were答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。2 主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌

4、上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当either or 与neither nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信

5、封和纸。3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4 谓语需用单数1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each,

6、every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the nec

7、essary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:All is right.一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数

8、时强调该集体的整体。例如:His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词

9、。A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动

10、。2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:Many a person has read the novel.许多

11、人读过这本书。More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。7 主谓一致练习1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a. am b. be c. is d. are2.Each man and woman _ the same rights.a. has b. have c. had d. is having3.Every means _ tried but without much result.a. has been b. have been c

12、. are d. is4.There _ in this room.a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnituresc. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture5.The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.a. were b. are c. was d. be6.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a. am b. is c. are d. w

13、as7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was8.Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended9._ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d.

14、Not the students but the teacher10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were11.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a. are b. has c. is d. were12.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been k

15、ept13.All that can be done _.a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done14.One or perhaps more pages _.a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing15.More than one worker _ dismissed.a. have been b. are c. has been d. has16.Many a student _ the importance of learnin

16、g a foreign language.a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized17.The gas works _ near the city.a. is b. are c. were d. be18.The surroundings of his house _ clean now.a. is b. are c. was d. were19.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing20.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.a. is b. was c. are d. has been主谓一致练习答案1C 2A 3A 4 D 5C6 C 7 B 8 A 9 D10B 11C 12D 13B 14C 15C 16 B 17 A 18 B 19 D 20C学科网(北京)股份有限公司

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