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1、第四部分:阅读理解(40分)该部分要求考生读懂公告,说明,广告以及书,报,杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章.考生应(1)理解主旨和要义这类试题主要考察考生略读文章,领会大意的能力,它对考生的归纳概括能力有一定的要求。(2)理解文中具体信息这类试题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳概括和推理才能 答题。(3根据上下文推断生词的词义能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。此外, 阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出 来。这种不使用词典而通过上下文来推断生词含义的能力,是一个合格的读者所必须具备
2、的能 力,因此也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。(4)作出简单判断和推理阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息,即理解作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读过程中,有时需 要根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。(5)理解文章的基本结构如果希望准确深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与 句之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考察,一般反映在理解文中某一段落的作用或某些词语的指 代关系的题目中。(6)理解作者的意图观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,而这些信息通常并不是明确地表达出来,而是隐含在文章 之中。因此,这类问题要求考生在理解文章总
3、体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意。第五部分:补全对话(5分)新考纲要求考生:能正确使用语言、语法、和日常交际用语知识;能够恰当理解使 用中的语言现象,能够在特定的语境中比较得体地表达自己的连贯思想。为此大纲专门列 出36条口常交际用语。补全对话试题的设计采用应答形式,考生根据试题说明中交待的情景把一段不完整的对 话补充完整。考生除了应具备必要的词汇、语法知识以外还需要熟悉日常生活中交际英语的表 达方式,如:感谢、邀请等0146. instrument 仪器147. interest 兴趣148. interrupt 打断149. interrupt 打断150. introduce 介绍
4、(introduction n.151. irregular 不规则的152. journey 旅程153. judge 判断 (judgment154. kindergarten 幼儿园155. knowledge 知识156. labor/labour 劳动1.1 .lately(NMET1999158. laughter 笑声159. lawyer 律师160. librarian图书馆理员161. loss损失(lose, lost是其动词形式162. luckily 幸运地163. magazine 杂志164. majority (2000 北京春季卷165. majority 大
5、多数166. manage 设法 (manager, management167. market (2000 全国卷168. marriage 结婚(marry v.结婚,married 已婚的169. material(s/cloth(NMET1996170. material 物质/材料171. mayor 市长172. mean (NMET1999173. measure 测量174. medal奖章(比较:model模型175. memory i己忆力 (memorize v. i己住,remember t己得176. messages (2000 全国卷177. metal 金属17
6、8. modern 现代的179. modest 谦虚的180. monitor班长/监控181. moustache 胡子182. murder 谋杀(murderer 凶手183. musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神秘的(mystery 神秘185. nationality 国籍(nation 国家,national 国家的186. naturally(NMET1998187. naughty 淘气的188. necessary(NMET1999189. ninth (NMET1998190. normal 正常的191. obey (NMET1997192. ob
7、viously 明显的193. offering (2000 全国卷194. operation 手术195. opportunity 机会196. ordinary 普通的197. organized/organised (NMET1996198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客200. passengers(NMET1999201. patience 耐心 (patiently202. patient病人/耐心203. perfect 完美(perfectly204. performed (2000 北京春季卷205. perhaps 或许206. pe
8、riod 时期207. permission 许可208. persuaded(NMET1996209. phenomena 现象210. physicist 物理学家211. pilots (2000 全国卷212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison213. political 政治的(politics214. popular受欢迎的215. population 人口216. position 职位217. possibility (-ies 可能性(possible 可能的218. poverty 贫穷(poor219. poverty 贫穷220. practical (NM
9、ET1997221. prepar i ng(NMET1998222. pressure (NMET1997223. pretend 假装224. professor 教授225. profit 利润226. progress 进步227. pronunciation (2000 北京春季卷228. provide 提供(比较:offer, supply229. public 公众230. purpose 目的231. quality(NMET1996232. quantity 数量233. realistic(NMET1997234. receive 收到235. recently (NME
10、T1999236. recognised/recognized (NMET1999237. recognize 认出 (recognition 承认238. regards 问候239. remind 提醒240. repeat (repetition 重复241. respect 尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆243. restaurants (NMET1999244. satisfaction 满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying245. satisfactory 满意的246. Saturday(NMET1998247. scientific 科
11、学的248. scientific 科学的249. secretary 秘书250. secretly (2000 北京春季卷251. separately 单独地252. separates (NMET1998253. serious 严重的(seriously254. service 服务255. shortcoming 缺点256. silence 安静(silent257. similar (2000 北京春季卷258. similar 类似的(similarity - ies 相似之处259. situation 形势/情况260. slightly(2000 全国卷261. soc
12、iety 社会(social adj.社会的262. southern(2000 全国卷263. special 特别的264. species物种(单复数同形265. spring(NMET1997266. square 平方267. stolen(2000 全国卷268. straight(NMET1997269. suitable 合适的270. support 支持271. surprise 吃惊272. surround 包围273. swimming (NMET1998274. technique 技术 (technical adj.275. technology 技术276. t
13、emperature 温度277. theory 理论278. thirsty 口渴279. thorough (NMET1997280. total 合计281. traffic 交通282. translated(NMET1998283. translation 翻译(translator 翻译家,interpret 解说,interpreter 口语翻译284. umbrella(NMET1999285. umbrella 伞286. unusually不寻常(unusual不寻常的287. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志288. up
14、stairs (2000 全国卷289. upstairs 楼上290. vacation 假期291. various各种各样的(variety n.种类292. victim 受害者293. victory 胜利294. vocabulary 词汇295. voyage 航行296. waste (NMET1999297. wealth 财富298. weather(NMET1998299. whisper 低语300. worship 崇拜30L youth年轻人(复数加-s302. zero 零认读较难词汇100audience available award accurate age
15、nt scare survive systemtransport variety reward relate rescue respond quantity paragraph precious original oxygen nuclear merchant merely majority interview intelligence influence illegal independent immigrate envyguilty gesture confuse combine convenient commercial comment第七部分:短文改错(15分)考点一:动词.谓语动词的
16、时态1)各种时态的用法2)时态的协调一致a.在简单句中,时态要与时间状语一致。b.当两个或两个以上的 谓语共用一个主语时,其时态要求一致。c.由并列连词连接的两个句子,时态上要求 一致。d.从句与主句的时态呼应1 .谓语动词的语态1)主动语态与被动语态的误用2)被动语态的正确形式3)被动语态的时态与句中其他时态的呼应2 .主谓一致.谓语动词的语气1)虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。2)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用。3 .情态动词must表示“必须, 不得不”时, 其否定式是needn, t或do not have to ; must not则表示“不许,禁止”。1) n
17、eed与dare既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词;而作实义动词时,若要构成问句 和否定句,就需要助动词do/does/dido“can+have+过去分词”结构用在疑问句利否定句中,表示对过去的事情所作的推测2) “could+have+过去分词”结构除用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测外,还可用来表 示某事有可能在过去发生,但实际上并没有发生。3) ,ay/might+have+过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的推测。(“可能已 经了”“must+have+过去分词”结构用来表示对过去的事情所作的肯定判断。(“一定已 经了吧”4) Ushould/ought to+have+过去分词”结构用
18、来表示过去应做而未做的事,含有自责 或责备的语气。(“本来应该的”“need not+have+过去分词”结构用来表示过去做了没有必要做的事。(“本来不 必的”4 .谓语结构(缺少谓语 例:(NMET05III now think English fun to learn, fun 前加 is ; English 是宾语从句 的主语,后面应是谓语,且为一般现在时单数,故需加is】.固定结构 例:(NMET04ICan you tell me about what I should do ?【去掉 about】5 .非谓语动词1)不定式的主被动形式的误用2)不定式与V-ing的误用3)形式主语、
19、形式宾语it的误用4) had better, would rather than等词的后面只跟不带to的不定式。5)动词不定式的一般式与完成式的误用动词 plan, expect, wish, intend, mean, want, would (should like 等后面的不定 式的完成式表示原打算要做而最终未做成的事情。6) V-ing形式与过去分词的误用,如:surprising(令人吃惊的,surprised(感到惊讶 的;考点二:名词1 .句中名词的单复数形式2 .句中可数名词和不可数名词的误用.句中所有格的误用3 .句中名词前限定词的误用考点三:形容词与副词1 .句中形容词与
20、副词的位置.系动词后形容词、副词的误用2 .句中易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用.句中形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成错误。3 .句中形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的使用错误。4 .并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别的对等。考点四:代词1 .人称代词单复数的使用2 .人称代词主格和宾格的误用.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的误用3 .物主代词指代的使用.反身代词的单复数和人称与所指代的名词是否一致。4 . 不定代词有 some, any, no, none, many, much, few, little, each, every, one, all, both, either, oth
21、er, another, others 及由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合词 的误用指示代词的误用考点五:数词1 .基数词与序数词之间的误用.几百、几千、几百万等数字的正确表述2 .分数的正确表达.表示“历史上的几十年代和某人儿十岁时”的正确表达方式3 .数词与其他词构成的复合形容词的正确性考点六:介词1 .介词的正确使用2 .介词的遗漏,特别要注意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介词.多余介词的使用3 句中介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词等的搭配的正确使用。考点七:连词.并列句中,并列连词的正确使用,有无遗漏并列连词的情况。1 .复合句中,从属连词的正确使用2 .主语从
22、句和同位语从句前的连词是否遗漏。3 .连词之间的误用,尤其是if和whether之间的误用。考点八:从句与一致关系.语序1 .连接词的误用.连接词的漏用,尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的thato2 .宾语从句与主句的时态呼应.主语从句与谓语的数是否一致3 .主语从句后置时,形式主语it的正确使用. if与whether的误用。4 .关系代词及关系副词的正确使用.先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。5 .关系代词的格的正确使用,尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。6 .关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。7 .作主语的关系代词的漏用。8 .非限制性定语从句的关系代词的正确使用。9 .定语从句中除了
23、关系代词或关系副词外,多余的代词或副词的误用考点九:冠词L两个不定冠词之间的误用。2 .定冠词不定冠词之间的误用。3 .冠词的漏用。4 ,冠词的错用。第八部分:书面表达(30分)高三英语写作高分秘诀1 .句式要有变化:复合句、并列句 倒装句虚拟语气中if省略虚拟语气中if省略(2 ) only+状语置于句首考生应该注意对交际情景的整体理解,注意对话结构的合理,前后连贯性,注意对话 中的情感交流,熟悉会话中的交际技能。补全对话的解题应当充分理解题目的说明与汉语提示。把握对话的整体内容,时间、 地点、人物等;弄清事实细节、依据上下文正确判断讲话人的意图、情感等以及语法结 构、习惯交际形式等。第六部
24、分:单词拼写(10分)高考英语单词拼写题作为一种集理解、语法、结构、词性、词形于一体的综合性题型,对中学 英语教学起到了良好的导向作用,有利于培养学生扎实的语言基本功和提高学生语言综合应用 能力。本文结合近年高考单词拼写真题,简要分析了高考单词拼写题的命题特点、常见考点以 及解题策略,并针对2008年高考提出了该题型的复习备考建议。关键字高考英语单词拼写题1991年高考题中增加了专项测试单词拼写的题型,实现了单词拼写测试的第一次飞跃一一从 无到有,其形式为从选项A、B、C、D中找出适当的字母或字母组合使所给单词完整与准确。 1996年开始实现单词拼写测试的第二次飞跃一一从知识型到能力型,其形式
25、为根据句子所给 汉语注释或首字母提示写出空缺处单词的正确形式,属于“基于对句子含义理解的词汇应用 题”,使单词拼写语境化,具有综合考查功能,实现了单词拼写正确、形式正确、句子结构完 整和句子意思明确四个方面的考查目标。这样就把枯燥机械的单词记忆测试活化为集理解、语 法、结构、词性、拼写于一体的综合性题型。它不仅已经达到了既定的检测效果,而且起到了 良好的导向作用,扭转了中学英语教学中长期形成的只注重ABCD而忽视语言基本功和语言综 合运用能力的倾向。一、高考单词拼写题的命题特点.单词拼写主要考查考生“识词、记词和用词”的能力。这类试题体现了 “词不离句”的特 点,要求考生注意单词在句子中的确切
26、含义与正确形式,而不是孤立地死记硬背单词。1 .所有单词都是给出汉语提示填词,没有给首字母填单词的。了解了这一点,考生在平时练 习时应多做一些给汉语提示填词的练习以增强训练的针对性。2 .所考单词全都是考纲(即考试说明)上要求的词,无一生僻词,其中涵盖初中 单词。这就要求考生要熟练掌握考纲要求的2000个词汇。3 .近三年所考的单词中,所含字母数最少的是四个(2006年第66题所考的miss,含字母数 最多的是11个(2005年第69题、第70题所考的deion和immediately,多数所考单词为6- 9个字母。所以,复习时对这种长度的单词要多加注意。5.关于各种词性的考查分布也有一定的特
27、点(详见下表: 年份/词性名词动词形容词副词under around(3 )否定词置于句首(4 )地点副词置于句首强调句型Itisthat(who非谓语动L司o虚拟语气固定句型结构tootosothatsuch athatnot only*butalso neither norsuchas*not,until*sothat eitheror直接引语与间接引语多种时态, 动名词、 不定式, 并列结构2.要使用高等级词汇及短语 使用高等级词汇 使用短语使用谚语使用表强调的词,如alone, just, single, only, not-at all; on the earth; the very
28、;on earth等使用修辞手法:明喻,暗喻,夸张,头韵,拟人等as busyas a bee;as proud as a peacock;as blind as a bat. ascoolasacucumber3. 使用连接词,过渡自然,连贯通顺,一气呵成1 )用于按空间展开的段:落之中的连接词和过渡词有:abovebeforemehereontheleftacrossbelowinthedistanceontherightbeyondnearbyoppositeto overalsofurthernextto ontopofupdown (losetobeneathneartoalong于
29、按时间顺序展开段落之soon,then, suddenly,atthesametime,next,early,thismorningfinally, at/year, last,now, allofafter,suddenatpresent,atlater, noonafterwardsin themorning/afternoon/evening按分析法展连接词和first,second,etc.nowforthispurposebutasresultfurthermorefinallyalsoanotheryetoncesuchthenthusatlast moreovertherefor
30、elikewiseforforininthisinstancecaseontheadditiononintheotherwisein用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有anotherequallybesidesin factmoreoverimportanttoo, alsothenlike,in addition (toat the same timein the same waysimilarly用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有example nextcontrarysummaryotherhandconclusionon the contrary different
31、from on the other hand in contrast to despitein spite of, yet, but , whereas, unlike nevertheless not only-butalso here*there yearsone ago*today the former*the latter thennow some*others one*the other once*nowon (the one handon the other hand (一方面.另一方面6逻辑关系递进:then(然后,besides(还有,furthermore(而且,moreov
32、er(此外转折:however (然而,but (但是,on the country (相反,after all (毕竟总结:finally(最后,at last(最后,in brief(总之,in conclusion(最后。强调:indeed(确实,certainly(一定,surely(确定,above all (尤其。对比:in the same way (同样地,just as (正如,on the one handon the other hand4.写作中使用率最高覆盖面最广的基本句式以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,每组句式的功能相同或相似,考生可 根据自己的情
33、况选择其中的12个,做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。1、表示原因 1) There are three reasons for this. 2) The reasons for this are as follows. 3) The reason for this is obvious. 4) The reason for this is not far to seek. 5) The reason for this is that. . . 6) We have good reason to believe that.,.例如:There are three reasons for the c
34、hanges that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注:如考生写第一个句子没 有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。如:Great changes ha
35、ve taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2) 表示好处 1) It has the following advantages. 2) It does us a lot of good.3) It benefits us quite a lot. 4) It is beneficial to us. 5) It is of great benefit to us.例如: Books are like friends. They can help us know the world b
36、etter, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3、表示坏处 1) It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2) Tt does us much harm. 3) It is harmful to us.例如: However, everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It
37、can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.4、表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1) It is important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth. 2) We think it necessary to do sth. 3) It plays an important role in our life.例如: Computers are now being use
38、d everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home, toospan . We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age .5、表示措施1) We should take some effectiv
39、e measures . 2) We should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties . 3) We should do our utmost in doing sth . 4) We should solve the problems that we are confronted (faced) with .例如 : The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious . Therefore, we must t
40、ake some effective measures to solve it .6、表示变化1) Some changes have taken place in the past five years .2) A great change will certainly be produced in the world s communications . 3) The computer has brought about many changes in education . 例如 : Some changes have taken place in people s diet in th
41、e past five years . The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek . Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins .7、表示事实、现状 1) We cannot ignore the fact that. . . 2) No one can deny the fact that. 3) There is
42、 no denying the fact that. . . 4) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 5) However, thafs not the case.例如: We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of
43、pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.8、表示比较 1) Compared with A, B. . . 2) I prefer to read rather than watch TV. 3) There is a striking contrast between them.例如:Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affor
44、dable. Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petroleum. Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least, they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.9、 表示数量 1) It has increased (decreased) from. . . to. . . 2) The population in this city h
45、as now increased (decreased) to 800, 000. 3) The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.例如: With the improvement of the living standard, the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.再如: From the graph
46、listed above, it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.10 表示看法 1) People have (take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards sth.2) People have different opinions on this problem. 3) People take different views of (on) the question. 4) Some people believe that. . . Others argue that.例如: People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they ex