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1、【国外英文文学】A Prince of BohemiaA Prince of Bohemiaby Honore de BalzacTranslated by Clara Bell and othersDEDICATION To Henri Heine. I inscribe this to you, my dear Heine, to you that represent in Paris the ideas and poetry of Germany, in Germany the lively and witty criticism of France; for you better th
2、an any other will know whatsoever this Study may contain of criticism and of jest, of love and truth.DE BALZAC.A PRINCE OF BOHEMIAMy dear friend, said Mme. de la Baudraye, drawing a pile of manuscript from beneath her sofa cushion, will you pardon me in our present straits for making a short story o
3、f something which you told me a few weeks ago?Anything is fair in these times. Have you not seen writers serving up their own hearts to the public, or very often their mistress hearts when invention fails? We are coming to this, dear; we shall go in quest of adventures, not so much for the pleasure
4、of them as for the sake of having the story to tell afterwards.After all, you and the Marquise de Rochefide have paid the rent, and I do not think, from the way things are going here, that I ever pay yours.Who knows? Perhaps the same good luck that befell Mme. de Rochefide may come to you.Do you cal
5、l it good luck to go back to ones husband?No; only great luck. Come, I am listening.And Mme. de la Baudraye read as follows: Scene-a splendid salon in the Rue de Chartres-du-Roule. One of the most famous writers of the day discovered sitting on a settee beside a very illustrious Marquise, with whom
6、he is on such terms of intimacy, as a man has a right to claim when a woman singles him out and keeps him at her side as a complacent /souffre- douleur/ rather than a makeshift.Well, says she, have you found those letters of which you spoke yesterday? You said that you could not tell me all about /h
7、im/ without them?Yes, I have them.It is your turn to speak; I am listening like a child when his mother begins the tale of /Le Grand Serpentin Vert/.I count the young man in question in that group of our acquaintances which we are wont to style our friends. He comes of a good family; he is a man of
8、infinite parts and ill-luck, full of excellent dispositions and most charming conversation; young as he is, he is seen much, and while awaiting better things, he dwells in Bohemia. Bohemianism, which by rights should be called the doctrine of the Boulevard des Italiens, finds its recruits among youn
9、g men between twenty and thirty, all of them men of genius in their way, little known, it is true, as yet, but sure of recognition one day, and when that day comes, of great distinction. They are distinguished as it is at carnival time, when their exuberant wit, repressed for the rest of the year, f
10、inds a vent in more or less ingenious buffoonery.What times we live in! What an irrational central power which allows such tremendous energies to run to waste! There are diplomatists in Bohemia quite capable of overturning Russias designs, if they but felt the power of France at their backs. There a
11、re writers, administrators, soldiers, and artists in Bohemia; every faculty, every kind of brain is represented there. Bohemia is a microcosm. If the Czar would buy Bohemia for a score of millions and set its population down in Odessa-always supposing that they consented to leave the asphalt of the
12、boulevards-Odessa would be Paris with the year. In Bohemia, you find the flower doomed to wither and come to nothing; the flower of the wonderful young manhood of France, so sought after by Napoleon and Louis XIV., so neglected for the last thirty years by the modern Gerontocracy that is blighting e
13、verything else-that splendid young manhood of whom a witness so little prejudiced as Professor Tissot wrote, On all sides the Emperor employed a younger generation in every way worthy of him; in his councils, in the general administration, in negotiations bristling with difficulties or full of dange
14、r, in the government of conquered countries; and in all places Youth responded to his demands upon it. Young men were for Napoleon the /missi hominici/ of Charlemagne.The word Bohemia tells you everything. Bohemia has nothing and lives upon what it has. Hope is its religion; faith (in oneself) its c
15、reed; and charity is supposed to be its budget. All these young men are greater than their misfortune; they are under the feet of Fortune, yet more than equal to Fate. Always ready to mount and ride an /if/, witty as a /feuilleton/, blithe as only those can be that are deep in debt and drink deep to
16、 match, and finally-for here I come to my point-hot lovers and what lovers! Picture to yourself Lovelace, and Henri Quatre, and the Regent, and Werther, and Saint-Preux, and Rene, and the Marechal de Richelieu-think of all these in a single man, and you will have some idea of their way of love. What
17、 lovers! Eclectic of all things in love, they will serve up a passion to a womans order; their hearts are like a bill of fare in a restaurant. Perhaps they have never read Stendhals /De lAmour/, but unconsciously they put it in practice. They have by heart their chapters-Love-Taste, Love-Passion, Lo
18、ve-Caprice, Love-Crystalized, and more than all, Love-Transient. All is good in their eyes. They invented the burlesque axiom, In the sight of man, all women are equal. The actual text is more vigorously worded, but as in my opinion the spirit is false, I do not stand nice upon the letter.My friend,
19、 madame, is named Gabriel Jean Anne Victor Benjamin George Ferdinand Charles Edward Rusticoli, Comte de la Palferine. The Rusticolis came to France with Catherine de Medici, having been ousted about that time from their infinitesimal Tuscan sovereignty. They are distantly related to the house of Est
20、e, and connected by marriage to the Guises. On the day of Saint-Bartholomew they slew a goodly number of Protestants, and Charles IX. bestowed the hand of the heiress of the Comte de la Palferine upon the Rusticoli of that time. The Comte, however, being a part of the confiscated lands of the Duke o
21、f Savoy, was repurchased by Henri IV. when that great king so far blundered as to restore the fief; and in exchange, the Rusticoli-who had borne arms long before the Medici bore them to-wit, /argent/ a cross flory /azure/ (the cross flower-de-luced by letters patent granted by Charles IX.), and a co
22、unts coronet, with two peasants for supporters with the motto IN HOC SIGNO VINCIMUS-the Rusticoli, I repeat, retained their title, and received a couple of offices under the crown with the government of a province.From the time of the Valois till the reign of Richelieu, as it may be called, the Rust
23、icoli played a most illustrious part; under Louis XIV. their glory waned somewhat, under Louis XV. it went out altogether. My friends grandfather wasted all that was left to the once brilliant house with Mlle. Laguerre, whom he first discovered, and brought into fashion before Bourets time. Charles
24、Edwards own father was an officer without any fortune in 1789. The Revolution came to his assistance; he had the sense to drop his title, and became plain Rusticoli. Among other deeds, M. Rusticoli married a wife during the war in Italy, a Capponi, a goddaughter of the Countess of Albany (hence La P
25、alferines final names). Rusticoli was one of the best colonels in the army. The Emperor made him a commander of the Legion of Honor and a count. His spine was slightly curved, and his son was wont to say of him laughingly that he was /un comte refait (contrefait)/.General Count Rusticoli, for he bec
26、ame a brigadier-general at Ratisbon and a general of the division on the field of Wagram, died at Vienna almost immediately after his promotion, or his name and ability would sooner or later have brought him the marshals baton. Under the Restoration he would certainly have repaired the fortunes of a
27、 great and noble family so brilliant even as far back as 1100, centuries before they took the French title-for the Rusticoli had given a pope to the church and twice revolutionized the kingdom of Naples-so illustrious again under the Valois; so dexterous in the days of the Fronde, that obstinate Fro
28、ndeurs though they were, they still existed through the reign of Louis XIV. Mazarin favored them; there was the Tuscan strain in them still, and he recognized it.Today, when Charles Edward de la Palferines name is mentioned, not three persons in a hundred know the history of his house. But the Bourb
29、ons have actually left a Foix-Grailly to live by his easel.Ah, if you but knew how brilliantly Charles Edward accepts his obscure position! how he scoffs at the bourgeois of 1830! What Attic salt in his wit! He would be the king of Bohemia, if Bohemia would endure a king. His /verve/ is inexhaustibl
30、e. To him we owe a map of the country and the names of the seven castles which Nodier could not discover.The one thing wanting in one of the cleverest skits of our time, said the Marquise.You can form your own opinion of La Palferine from a few characteristic touches, continued Nathan. He once came
31、upon a friend of his, a fellow-Bohemian, involved in a dispute on the boulevard with a bourgeois who chose to consider himself affronted. To the modern powers that be, Bohemia is insolent in the extreme. There was talk of calling one another out. One moment, interposed La Palferine, as much Lauzun f
32、or the occasion as Lauzun himself could have been. One moment. Monsieur was born, I suppose? What, sir? Yes, are you born? What is your name? Godin. Godin, eh! exclaimed La Palferines friend. One moment, my dear fellow, interrupted La Palferine. There are the Trigaudins. Are you one of them?Astonish
33、ment. No? Then you are one of the new dukes of Gaeta, I suppose, of imperial creation? No? Oh, well, how can you expect my friend to cross swords with you when he will be secretary of an embassy and ambassador /some day/, and you will owe him respect? /Godin!/ the thing is non- existent! You are a n
34、onentity, Godin. My friend cannot be expected to beat the air! When one is somebody, one cannot fight with a nobody! Come, my dear fellow-good-day. My respects to madame, added the friend.Another day La Palferine was walking with a friend who flung his cigar end in the face of a passer-by. The recip
35、ient had the bad taste to resent this. You have stood your antagonists fire, said the young Count, the witnesses declare that honor is satisfied.La Palferine owed his tailor a thousand francs, and the man instead of going himself sent his assistant to ask for the money. The assistant found the unfor
36、tunate debtor up six pairs of stairs at the back of a yard at the further end of the Faubourg du Roule. The room was unfurnished save for a bed (such a bed!), a table, and such a table! La Palferine heard the preposterous demand-A demand which I should qualify as illegal, he said when he told us the
37、 story, made, as it was, at seven oclock in the morning. Go, he answered, with the gesture and attitude of a Mirabeau, tell your master in what condition you find me.The assistant apologized and withdrew. La Palferine, seeing the young man on the landing, rose in the attire celebrated in verse in /B
38、ritannicus/ to add, Remark the stairs! Pay particular attention to the stairs; do not forget to tell him about the stairs!In every position into which chance has thrown La Palferine, he has never failed to rise to the occasion. All that he does is witty and never in bad taste; always and in everythi
39、ng he displays the genius of Rivarol, the polished subtlety of the old French noble. It was he who told that delicious anecdote of a friend of Laffitte the banker. A national fund had been started to give back to Laffitte the mansion in which the Revolution of 1830 was brewed, and this friend appear
40、ed at the offices of the fund with, Here are five francs, give me a hundred sous change!-A caricature was made of it.-It was once La Palferines misfortune, in judicial style, to make a young girl a mother. The girl, not a very simple innocent, confessed all to her mother, a respectable matron, who h
41、urried forthwith to La Palferine and asked what he meant to do. Why, madame, said he, I am neither a surgeon nor a midwife.She collapsed, but three or four years later she returned to the charge, still persisting in her inquiry, What did La Palferine mean to do? Well, madame, returned he, when the c
42、hild is seven years old, an age at which a boy ought to pass out of womens hands-an indication of entire agreement on the mothers part-if the child is really mine-another gesture of assent-if there is a striking likeness, if he bids fair to be a gentleman, if I can recognize in him my turn of mind,
43、and more particularly the Rusticoli air; then, oh-ah!-a new movement from the matron-on my word and honor, I will make him a cornet of-sugar-plums!All this, if you will permit me to make use of the phraseology employed by M. Sainte-Beuve for his biographies of obscurities-all this, I repeat, is the
44、playful and sprightly yet already somewhat decadent side of a strong race. It smacks rather of the Parc-aux-Cerfs than of the Hotel de Rambouillet. It is a race of the strong rather than of the sweet; I incline to lay a little debauchery to its charge, and more than I should wish in brilliant and ge
45、nerous natures; it is gallantry after the fashion of the Marechal de Richelieu, high spirits and frolic carried rather too far; perhaps we may see in it the /outrances/ of another age, the Eighteenth Century pushed to extremes; it harks back to the Musketeers; it is an exploit stolen from Champcenet
46、z; nay, such light-hearted inconstancy takes us back to the festooned and ornate period of the old court of the Valois. In an age as moral as the present, we are bound to regard audacity of this kind sternly; still, at the same time that cornet of sugar-plums may serve to warn young girls of the per
47、ils of lingering where fancies, more charming than chastened, come thickly from the first; on the rosy flowery unguarded slopes, where trespasses ripen into errors full of equivocal effervescence, into too palpitating issues. The anecdote puts La Palferines genius before you in all its vivacity and
48、completeness. He realizes Pascals /entre-deux/, he comprehends the whole scale between tenderness and pitilessness, and, like Epaminondas, he is equally great in extremes. And not merely so, his epigram stamps the epoch; the /accoucheur/ is a modern innovation. All the refinements of modern civilization are summed up in the phrase. It is monumental.Look here, my dear Nathan, what farrago of nonsense is this? asked the Marquise in bewilderment.Madame la Marquise, returned Nathan, you do not kno