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1、名词性从句重难点剖析名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，高考常从连接词的选择、语序、语气、时态等方面来考查。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词；that ，whether， if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词：what,whatever whoever,whom,whose,which连接副词：when,where,how,why1、 that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。例 That he stole a
2、bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。 The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例 Where and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为
3、什么被谋杀尚不知道。3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。例 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗
4、？5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。例 We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋。6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。例 She insisted that she not b
5、e sent to the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。例 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。7、同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后（如news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief等），用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whe
6、ther和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。例 I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道他何时回来。8、whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但在下面情况时常使用whether：作介词的宾语时，见例；在从句中提出两种选择时，见例；从句提前时，见例；引导主语从句，表语从句及同位语从句时，见例。I worry about whether I hurt his feelings. She wasnt sure whether she should la
7、ugh or cry.Whether he will come or not I dont quite know.What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better future.9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 In that=for the reason that例 I could say nothing but that I was angry.我
8、无话可说，只是感到生气。10. that在引导宾语从句时常常可省，但在下面情况时不可省去：宾语从句不止一个时，见例；宾语从句与主句之间有插入语时，见例；宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，见例；引导主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句时，见例。He said (that) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it. These old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.(错误)
9、That these old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.(正确)They complain (that) they have to work from morning till night, that it is hard to earn money, that they are bullied (欺负) by the policemen, or that the corporation leaders are seated lazily
10、 and enjoy the fruits of otherswork.The teacher said, pleasantly and firmly , that we must overcome the difficulties.We believe that if we work harder, I will pass the National College Entrance Examination.The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表语从句)Word came that China launched its first man
11、ned spaceship on Oct.15,2003.（同位语从句）11、当主句是I/ We think ( suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否定的转移。例 We dont believe that he will win the game. 我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。例 He has made it clear that he will not give in.
12、 他清楚地表明他不会屈服。13、doubt 用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。例 We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.我们怀疑他是否能赢得这场比赛。14、连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。例 Whoever breaks the law sh
13、ould be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。也可引导让步状语从句，However great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on .而no matter whowhatwhichhowwhere只能引导让步状语从句。例如，No matter how great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on.No matter who breaks the rules will be punished.（错误) Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.（正确)1
14、5.that 与because 的混用:reason作主语时引导的表语从句或why引导的名词性从句时常用that 不用because. (1)The reason why he was late for school was because he got up late.(错误)The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.(正确)Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent year
15、s.(错误)Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years.(正确)16.相似句型的混淆:As is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（错误)As is known to all, science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（正确)It is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（正确)注：as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，从句与主句之间要用逗号隔开。It作为形式主语将that 引导的主语从句后置时，that常常不能省。名词性从句 3 / 3学科网（北京）股份有限公司