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1、Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance. With his instantly recognizable gravelly voice, Armstrong was also an influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser, bending the lyrics and melody o
2、f a song for expressive purposes. He was also skilled atscat singing.Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet-playing, Armstrongs influence extends well beyond jazz music, and by the end of his career in the 1960s, he was widely regarded as a profound i
3、nfluence on popular music in general. Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-American entertainers to cross over, whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that was extremely racially divided. He rarely publicly politicized his race, often to the dismay of fellow Africa
4、n-Americans, but took a well-publicized stand for desegregationin theLittle Rock Crisis. His artistry and personality allowed him socially acceptable access to the upper echelons of American society which were highly restricted forblack menof his era.Armstrong was posthumously awarded theGrammy Life
5、time Achievement Awardin 1972 as one of performers who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording. Recordings of Armstrong were inducted into theGrammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to h
6、onor recordings that are at least 25 years old, and that have qualitative or historical significance.Foundational 基础的，根本的 Shift 移动，变化，转化collective 集体的 recognizable 可辨识的gravelly 声音沙哑的 dexterity 灵巧，敏捷bend 弯曲，倾向于，专心于expressive 有表达力的 scat singing 拟声唱法Renowned for 因而著名 charismatic 超有魅力的profound 影响深远的 was
7、 secondary to 次于；亚于racially divided 种族划分 politicize 参与政治dismay 沮丧 desegregation 废除种族歧视artistry 艺术性 echelon 阶层restrict 限制 era 时代，年代，纪元posthumously 死后出版的Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award 格莱美终身成就奖inducted into 引入Grammy Hall of Fame 格莱美名人堂Qualitative 质的，性质上的Significance 意义Robert Leroy Johnson(May 8, 191
8、1 August 16, 1938) was an Americanbluessinger-songwriter and musician. His landmark recordings in 1936 and 1937 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians. Johnsons shadowy 朦胧，暗黑的and poorly documented life anddeath at ag
9、e 27have given rise to much legend, including theFaustian myth（浮士德式的迷：浮士德将灵魂交给魔鬼换取他想要的）that he sold his soul to the devil at acrossroadsto achieve success. As anitinerant巡回的performer who played mostly on street corners, injuke joints廉价酒店, and at Saturday night dances, Johnson had little commercial商业
10、的 success or public recognition认同 in his lifetime.It was only after the reissue再次发行 of his recordings in 1961, on the “LPKing of the Delta Blues Singers”, that his work reached a wider audience. Johnson is now recognized as a master of the blues, particularly of the MississippiDelta bluesstyle. He i
11、s credited by many rock musicians as an important influence;Eric Claptonhas called Johnson the most important blues singer that ever lived.in 1986 Johnson was inducted into入选 theRock and Roll Hall of Fame摇滚名人堂as an early influence in its first induction ceremony, A memorial纪念碑 to him reads, Robert J
12、ohnson stands at the crossroads of American music, much as a popular folk legend has it he once stood at Mississippi crossroads and sold his soul to the devil in exchange for guitar-playing prowess. （超凡技术）In 1990, his album The Complete Recordings was awarded Best Historical Album in Grammy Awards 格
13、莱美最佳历史专辑In 2010,David Frickeranked Johnson fifth inRolling Stone magazines 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.TheNational Recording Preservation Board美国国家录音保存委员会addedThe Complete Recordingsto theNational Recording Registry注册of theLibrary of Congress美国国会图书馆in 2003.The board annually selects songs th
14、at are culturally, historically, or aesthetically审美学的 significant for inclusion in the Registry.Woodrow Wilson Woody Guthrie(July 14, 1912 October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter and musician whose musical legacy includes hundreds of political,traditional, and childrens songs, along withb
15、allads民谣and improvised works即兴创作. He frequently performed with the sloganThis machine kills fascists法西斯displayed on his guitar. His best-known song is This Land Is Your Land. Many of his recorded songs are archived in theLibrary of Congress.美国国家图书馆many songwriters have acknowledged Guthrie as a majo
16、r influence.Many of his songs are about his experiences in theDust Bowlera沙尘暴时期 during theGreat Depression大萧条时期when he traveled with displaced 无家可归的farmers fromOklahomatoCaliforniaand learned their traditional folk and blues songs, earning him the nickname the Dust Bowl Troubadour民谣歌手Throughout his
17、life Guthrie was associated withUnited States Communist共产党groups, though he was seemingly not a member of any.Guthrie was married three times and fathered eight children, includingAmerican folkmusicianArlo Guthrie. Guthrie died from complications并发症 ofHuntingtons disease.During his later years, in s
18、pite of his illness, Guthrie served as afigurehead有名无实的领袖in thefolk movement, 民谣运动providing inspiration to a generation of new folk musicians, including mentor指导 relationships withRamblin Jack ElliottandBob Dylan.Next ,guess who these musicians are? Check your answers with your teacherAThis is an Am
19、erican singer-songwriter. Raised in Pennsylvania, this musician moved to Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music. This musician signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The rele
20、ase of this musician s eponymous debut album in 2006 marked the start of this musicians career as a country music singer. This musicians third single, Our Song, made this musician the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Hot Country Songs chart.This musician
21、s second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. With the pop crossover success of the singles Love Story and You Belong with Me, Fearless became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States. The album won four Grammy Awards, with this musician becoming the youngest ever Album of the Year winn
22、er. This musician s third and fourth albums, 2010s Speak Now and 2012s Red, both sold more than one million copies within the first week of their U.S release. Speak Nows Mean won two Grammy Awards, while Reds singles We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together and I Knew You Were Trouble were successful
23、 worldwide. this musician s fifth album, the pop-focused 1989, was released in 2014 and sold more copies in its opening week than any album in the previous 12 years, making this musician the first and only act to have three albums sell more than one million copies in the opening release week. Its si
24、ngles Shake It Off, Blank Space, and Bad Blood reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. The album won three Grammy Awards, with this musician becoming the fifth and only female act to receive the Album of the Year award twice. This musician is known for narrative songs about this musicians perso
25、nal experiences. As a songwriter, this musician has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. this musician s other achievements include ten Grammy Awards, one Emmy Award, 22 Billboard Music Awards, 11 Country Music Association Awards and eight Academy o
26、f Country Music Awards. This musician is one of the best-selling artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albumsincluding 27.1 million in the U.S.and 130 million single downloads. In 2015, this musician became the youngest woman ever to be included on Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women list
27、, ranked at number 64. Of course , this musician is _B This musician, is an American singer and songwriter. After singing in church during this musicianS childhood, this musician pursued a career ingospel musicas a teenager. This musician signed withRed Hill Recordsand released this musicians debut
28、studio albumunder this musicians birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful. this musician moved toLos Angelesthe following year to venture into secular music after Red Hill ceased operations and this musician subsequently began working with producersGlen Ballard,Dr. Luke, andMax Martin
29、. After adopting the stage name this musician and being dropped byThe Island Def Jam Music GroupandColumbia Records, this musician signed arecording contractwithCapitol Recordsin April 2007.this musician rose to fame in 2008 with the release of the singles I Kissed a Girl which sparked controversy f
30、or its homosexual themes and Hot n Cold from this musicians second album, apop rockrecord titledOne of the Boys. this musicians third album,Teenage Dream(2010), ventured intodisco, and contained the U.S.BillboardHot 100chart-topping singles California Gurls, Teenage Dream, Firework, E.T., and Last F
31、riday Night (T.G.I.F.) as well as the number-three single The One That Got Away. The album became the first by a female artist to produce five number-one songs in the U.S., and the second overall after this musician Jacksons albumBad. In March 2012, this musician re-issued the album asTeenage Dream:
32、 The Complete Confection, which produced the songs Part of Me and Wide Awake. This musicias fourth album,Prism, was released in 2013, and is influenced by pop and dance. This musician became the first artist with multiple videos to reach one billion views onVevowith the videos for its songs Roar and
33、 Dark Horse.This musician has receivedmany awards, including fourGuinness World Records, and been included in theForbeslist of Top-Earning Women In Music (201115). This musician estimated net worth as of 2016 is $125 million. This musician isone of the best-selling musical artists of all time, havin
34、g sold 100 million records globally throughout her career. In film, this musician released an autobiographical documentary titled this musician: Part of Mein 2012, and voicedSmurfettein the 2011 filmThe Smurfsandits sequelin 2013.Of course , this musician is _Cthis musician is an American rapper, so
35、ngwriter, record producer, and actor fromDetroit,Michigan. In addition to this musicians solo career, this musician is a member ofD12, and withRoyce da 59is one half of the hip-hop duoBad Meets Evil. this musician is the best-selling artist of the2000sin the United States.Rolling Stoneranked this mu
36、sician 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, calling this musician theKing of Hip Hop. Including this musician s work with D12 and Bad Meets Evil, this musician has had ten number-one albums on theBillboard200. this musician has sold more than 172million albums, making this musician
37、one of theworlds best-selling artists. As of June 2014, this musician is the second-bestselling male artist of theNielsen SoundScanera, the sixth-bestselling artist in the United States and the bestselling hip-hop artist, with sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks (including 31million d
38、igital single certifications).After his debut albumInfinite(1996), this musician achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with hisThe Slim Shady LP, which earned him his firstGrammy Award for Best Rap Album. His next two releases, 2000sThe Marshall Mathers LPand 2002sThe this musician Show, were world
39、wide successes, with each beingcertified diamondin U.S. sales and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards (making this musician the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs). They were followed byEncorein 2004, another critical and commercial success. this musician went on hiatus af
40、ter touring in 2005, releasingRelapsein 2009 andRecoveryin 2010. Both won Grammy Awards andRecoverywas the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide, the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year (afterThe this musician Show). this musicians eighth album, 2013sThe Marshall Mathe
41、rs LP 2, won two Grammy Awards, including Best Rap Album; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and hisGrammy totalto 15. this musician has developed other ventures, includingShady Recordswith managerPaul Rosenberg. He has his own channel, Shade 45, onSirius XM Radio. In November
42、 2002, this musician starred in thehip hopfilm8 Mile. He won theAcademy Award for Best Original Songfor Lose Yourself, the first rap artist to win the award.3 this musician has made cameo appearances in the filmsThe Wash(2001),Funny People(2009),The Interview(2014) and the television seriesEntourage
43、(2010).Of course , this musician is _D this musician was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance and fashion along with his publicized personal life made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades
44、.The eighth child of this musician s family, this musician made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers, and began his solo career in 1971. In the early 1980s, this musician became a dominant figure in popular music. His music videos, including those of Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thril
45、ler are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool. this musician s 1987 album Bad became the first album to have five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100. Throughout the 1990s, He continued to innovate with videos, and forged a r
46、eputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, this musician popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Severa
47、l albums of this musician rank among the worlds best-selling albums, and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. this musician is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice, and was also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Dance Hall of Fame as the only dancer from pop and rock music. H