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1、高考阅读理解之细节理解题解题技巧一、 阅读理解细节理解题分类：_、_、_。二、 细节题做题技巧1. 直接信息题（direct information）直接信息题主要针对文中涉及的某个具体事物、人物、时间、地点、原因、结果等提问。解答这类题需要考生快速浏览题干,找出关键信息，然后在相应的段落。最后根据选项特点，判断文中的相关信息定位关键信息所在的句子与哪一个选项相符。Common questions:1. How did Tom feel during his meeting with Laura?2. Who are the intended readers of the passage?4.
2、 When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?5. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? 6. Which/Where.?例一【2021全国乙卷】Romes Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus, which accommodated around
3、 250,000 people. 21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?A. 104,944 B. 107,601C. About 150,000 D. About 250,000例二【2020年全国卷】Train InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your loc
4、al station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property (失物招领)Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Quee
5、nsland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station. 22. At which station can you find the lost property office?A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley. 例三【2020年全国卷】 The Lake District Attracti
6、ons Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, pla
7、nt sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open: 29 Mar29 Oct, Sun to Thurs. Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.3017.00 (16.00 in Oct.). House: 11.1516.00 (15.00 in Oct). 21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July? A. 09.3017.30.B. 10.3016.00.C. 11.1516.00.D.
8、 12.0016.30.Tips:2. 数字计算题数字计算细节理解题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，从数学的角度讲，计算都比较小，计算容易。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些暗信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是这类题的关键。Common questions:1. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive?2. How much should he pay to visit?3. How many languages are spoken by ?例一：
9、ADMISSIONAdult：4.90Child：2.20Family：12.00（2 adults + up to 3 children）23. How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children？A.9.80 B.12.00 C.14.20 D.16.40例二：Ariau Amazon TowersThe Ariau Amazon Towers hotelPrices: starting at 300 one night for each person for a regular room and
10、 going all the way up to 3000 for the Tarzan Suite.The Ice HotelEvery winter in Jukkasjarvi, Prices: starting at 318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one.Propeller IslandPropeller Island City Lodge is Prices: starting at just 91 a night, and an additional person for only 20
11、 extra dollars.23. For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels, they have to pay at least _.A.111B.182C.600D.636Tips：3. 间接信息题Common questions:1. According to the author/passage, 2. What can we learn about?3. Which of the following statements is correct/true? （三误一正）4. Which of the followi
12、ng is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误）Tips:Step 1:阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息；Step 2:定位题干关键词的转换形式；Step 3:利用正确选项特征，确定答案。【例一】Confucius .assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that make men stand out. Socrates focused on individual, and t
13、hought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed .25. What made some people different from others according to Confucius?A. FamilyB. Potential C. KnowledgeD. Community【例二】When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she
14、 wasnt treated fairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.26. Why was the authors mother poorly treated?A. She was unable to speak good English
15、.B. She was often misunderstood.C. She was not clearly heard.D. She was not very polite.【例三】For those whove attempted to grow food during space missions, they found it very necessary for space exploration. No matter how exciting space exploration sounds, theres a vital point about it that needs to b
16、e considered: food supplies. Right now, astronauts typically rely on dry food in airtight bags and cans, since there are strict weight limits on items taken into space. Foods that we take for granted, such as fresh and vegetables, are out of the question for space explorers.27. Space farming is impo
17、rtant mainly because_.A. Food brought from Earth goes bad easily.B. It will keep astronauts busy on missions.C. It could provide fresh food and reduce the need to bring food from earth.D. Its a way to learn more about the space environment.【例四：2020年全国卷33】The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute
18、of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals
19、 in groundwater. “Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. 33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer? A. To detect plants lack
20、of water. B. To change compositions of plants. C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants. 【例五】Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that
21、they had a terrible financial problem. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.32. Which of the fol
22、lowing was a cause of Naurus financial problem?A. Its leaders misused the money B. It spent too much repairing the island.C. Its phosphate mining cost much money.D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.【例六】We have two dogs and offer them good food and a comfortable bed. However, they always
23、try to run away. One day as I was walking them along the river, Cady broke away from me. I called for her to return, but she didnt. I got unhappy and didnt run after her.That afternoon I picked my daughter up from school and I told her that Cady might be missing. “If she has done something wrong, I
24、will not be paying her fines this time.”27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the second paragraph?A. The owner will be charged if his dog does something wrong. B. The author got well along with the dog. C. The author wanted to get rid of the dog on purpose. D. The author was quite worried
25、 after the dog was lost.Tips：Step 1：Step 2：Step 3:Typical mistakes:温馨提示：1.关注起承转合的过渡词，如however, but, moreover therefore, hence, thus, nevertheless等，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 2.警惕语气绝对的词，如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, none, completely, absolutely 等，通常不是答案。3.关注试探性语气的词，如prob
26、ably, possibly, may, usually, might, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, tend to be 往往是答案。三、PracticePassage 1 (2022.全国乙卷.A)Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotlands best loved painter, Sir Henry Rae
27、burn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years. Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admissio
28、n to lectures is free. Exhibition TimesMonday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and CollegesA special l
29、ow entrance charge of 2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.21. What is the right time for attending Raeburns English Contemporaries?A. Sun. 26 Oct.B. Thurs. 30 Oct.C. Thurs. 6 Nov.D. Thurs.13 Nov.2
30、2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?A. 4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.23. How can full-time students get group discounts?A. They should go on Sunday mornings.B. They should come from art schools.C. They must be led by teachers.D. They must have ID cards with them.Passage 2
31、 (2022.全国乙卷.B)In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwoodtraveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elk
32、head, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruffs granddaughter.Why di
33、d they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosa
34、mond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickendens book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-rais
35、ing section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to so
36、me beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which t
37、urned white in the winter.” 24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?A. To teach in a school.B. To study American history.C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.26. Which part of Wickendens writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkh
38、ead.C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.Passage 3 (2022.全国乙卷.C)Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of ap
39、plying todays “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect ra
40、ilway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more eff
41、icient(高效)across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and
42、 repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safet
43、y problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and
44、travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.B. D
45、rones ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.D. Drones reliable performance in remote areas.Passage 4 (2022.全国乙卷.D)The Governments sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official dat
46、a on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that todays children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,
47、 putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 4