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1、Lesson72AcarcalledBulebirdracingres n.竞赛竞赛perprep.每每Utahju:t:n.犹他（美国州名）犹他（美国州名）horsepowern.马力马力burstb:stv.爆裂爆裂averagevridadj.平均的平均的BonnevilleSaltFlats邦纳维尔盐滩邦纳维尔盐滩MalcolmCampbellmlkmkmbl马尔科姆马尔科姆坎贝尔坎贝尔racingn.竞赛perprep.每Utah n.犹他（美国州名）horsepower n.马力burst v.爆裂average adj.平均的footstep n.足迹1)game2)match3
2、)racing/race4)contest 5)competition 比赛比赛1)game包含体力包含体力&智力智力(pl.)运动会运动会theOlympicGames2)match一般指球赛一般指球赛footballmatch3)racing/race可互换可互换比速度比速度dragon-boatracing赛龙舟aracingdriver/car赛车手，赛车4)contest比赛比赛agroupofjudgesbeautycontest选美比赛5)competition抽象抽象Socialcompetitionwillbecomemoreandmorefierce剧烈剧烈.per pre
3、p.每，每一每，每一 300 miles per hour 每小时每小时300英里英里oneappleperchild搭配：asperusual照常，一如既往asper(口)按percent 百分之百分之百分之百per表示“每一，每”，通常用于商业及技术用通常用于商业及技术用语，语，日常用语大多用a/an：Youcanstayatthehotelat$10perpersonpernight.Youmusthavebeendrivingatseventymilesan/perhour.burst into sth.突然爆发突然爆发burst into tears/laughterburst ou
4、t doing 突然突然起来起来be bursting to do sth.急于做某事急于做某事She _tell him the good news.was bursting toburst(burst,burst)v.爆裂爆裂average平均的theaverageageoftheboys搭配：above/belowtheaverage在一般水平以上/下ontheaverage平均，一般的说footstepn,足迹，脚步声Iheardfootstepsintheroombehindme.搭配：dogsbsfootsteps尾随某人SirMalcolmCampbell(18851948)wa
5、sanEnglishracingmotorist.Hegainedtheworldspeedrecordonlandandonwateratvarioustimesduringthe1920sand1930susingvehicles/vihikl/机动车calledBlue Bird.Hisson,DonaldCampbell,carriedonthefamilytraditionbyholdingbothlandspeedandwaterspeedrecords.BlueBird蓝鸟蓝鸟1、Thegreatracingdriver,SirMalcolmCampbell,wasthefirs
6、tmantodriveatover300milesperhour.在thesecond，thenext/thelast以及表示最高级的如thebest，themostintelligent等后可以用to引导的不定式短语做定语，这些词语后面可以接名词或one(s)，也可以不接：thefirst/second/last/next+todoShesalwaysthefirstarriveandthelasttoleave.Yourethebestpersontoadvisemeaboutbuyingahouse.2、Itwasover30feetinlengthandhada2,500-horsep
7、owerengine.sthis+数字+单位+inlength/height/weight/depth他有2米高Heis2metersinheight.这个洞有7米深Thecaveis7metersindepth.这个大象有3吨重Theelephantis3tonsinweight.3、AlthoughCampbellreachedaspeedofover304milesperhour,hehadgreatdifficultyincontrollingthecarbecauseatyreburstduringthefirstrun.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做有困难
8、Hehasgrownabeardand我很难认出他我很难认出他(翻译翻译)Ihaddifficultyrecognizinghim.尽管我们曾是死党尽管我们曾是死党close friends，但我不太能认出他了。（翻译）但我不太能认出他了。（翻译）Although we were close friends,I have difficulty in recognizing him.thefirstrun一开始的行程thenextrun下一段赛程病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程control用法以及词义的用法以及词义的
9、control既可作动词也可作名词，意为“指挥，掌管，控制，支配”。如：Thepolicemaniscontrollingthetraffic.警察正在指挥交通。Whocontrolsthefactory?谁掌管这个工厂？Ourpaperswerecheckedaswewentthroughpassport controlattheairport.当我们通过机场护照检查处护照检查处时，工作人员查验了我们的证件。病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程构成的短语有：outofcontrol失去控制，无法管理Themachine
10、wentoutofcontrolbecauseofimproperuse.由于使用不当,机器失去控制了。Thechildrenareoutofcontrol.这些孩子无法无天了。incontrol(of)控制着，处于统治地位Anti-governmentforcesarestillincontrolofthearea.反政府武装仍控制着这一地区。Theywereincontrolofthesouthernsideofthemountain.他们控制着这座山的南边。undercontrol（被）控制住Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.火势已被控制。Youmust
11、getyourspendingundercontrol.你必须节省开支。小试用上述短语填空。1.Forafewhourstheywere_Paris.2.Itwasalongtimebeforetheygotthefloodwaters_.3.Thecarwent_andknockedintothewall.1.incontrolof2.undercontrol3.outofcontrol4.Afterhisattempt,Campbellwasdisappointedtolearnthathisaveragespeedhadbeen299milesperhour.learn得知sth.dis
12、appoint sb.Theanswermusthavedisappointedhim.这个结果令我失望。sth.bedisappointing这样看的话，情况似乎不是那么的令人失望。Lookedatinthisway，thesituationdoesntseemsodisappointing.sbbedisappointedtohear/find/see/learnIwastolearnthatthefeewouldbeonlyfifteenpounds.disappointmenttosbsdisapponitment/toonesdisappointment.让某人失望的是attempt
13、n.企图，试图5、Followinginhisfathersfootstepsmanyyearslater,SirMalcolmsson,Donald,alsosetupaworldrecord.followinonesfootsteps步某人的后尘，仿效某人，继承某人的事业他打算踏着父亲的足迹，成为一名牙医。Heintendstofollowinhisfathersfootstepsandtobecomeadentist.6.Likehisfather,hewasdrivingacarcalledBluebird.就像他妈妈一样，他帮助了很多人。7.Hesetupanewworldrecor
14、dinSeptember1935atBonnevilleSaltFlats,Utah.setupanewworldrecord/re/creat/makeanewrecord1Doyouenjoytravellingatgreatspeed?Why/Whynot?2NoonecanuseacarlikeBluebirdontheroad,sowhatisthepurposeinbuildingit?3Inthemodernworld,speedsometimesseemstobeallimportant.Doyouthinkthisisagoodorabadthing?Shouldwetryt
15、oslowdownalittle?Why/Whynot?Topicsfordiscussion1.动词不定式动词不定式的结构及特征：的结构及特征：动词不定式是一种动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式。由。由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成：构成：动词不定式动词不定式没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化，不能，不能作谓语，作谓语，具有动词的特征，也有具有动词的特征，也有名词、形容名词、形容词和副词词和副词的特征。的特征。2、动词不定式的用法：、动词不定式的用法：由于动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副由于动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，词的特征，在句中可在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、作主语
16、、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。宾语补足语、定语或状语。1）作作主语主语：e.g.To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well.To listen to his speech is a great pleasure.=It is a great pleasure to listen to his pleasure.注意：注意：“Its+形容词形容词+for(of)+somebody +动词不定式动词不定式”结构中，当形容词是结构中，当形容词是 careful,clever,kind,good
17、,right,wrong etc.时，或当时，或当somebody和形容词有逻辑上的主和形容词有逻辑上的主 谓关系时用谓关系时用of.形容词为形容词为difficult,easy,hard important,interesting etc.时用时用 for.Its very kind of you to help me.Its hard for you to do it well.2）作）作表语表语：My job today is to cook lunch and do some cleaning.Our plan is to have a picnic in the morning.两个
18、以上的动词不定式并列时，两个以上的动词不定式并列时，第一个第一个不定式带不定式带to，后面的动词不定式可把后面的动词不定式可把to省掉。省掉。见上面第一句。见上面第一句。3)作作宾语宾语：常用在下列及物动词之后：常用在下列及物动词之后：want,decide,begin,forget,remember,wish,hope,like ,learn,try,agreeHe decided to buy some flowers for me.We agreed to go to the movie.We should learn not to tell a lie.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带不定
19、式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，通常用有宾语补足语，通常用it作形式宾语，作形式宾语，“it+形容词（名词）形容词（名词）+to不定式不定式”(think,make,find,feel)He found it very difficult to get to sleep.I find it interesting to study English.4）作）作宾语补足语宾语补足语：A.能跟带能跟带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：的动词不定式作宾补的动词有：want,ask,tell,order,help ask sb.to do sth./ask sb.not to do sth.My m
20、other always tells me not to go to the net bar.He asked me to come a little earlier.B.还有些动词，还有些动词，如感观动词和使役动词后如感观动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语若是动词不定式时，的宾语补足语若是动词不定式时，直接用直接用原形。原形。make/have,let,see,watch,hear,feel 但在变成被动语态时，但在变成被动语态时，则将省去的则将省去的to补上补上。He made me work for about 12 hours.I was made to work for about 12
21、hours.Did you see him go out?Was he seen to go out?5)作作定语定语:动词不定式作定语时，动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰须放在被修饰的名词或代词后。的名词或代词后。I have many things to do today.She has something important to tell you.若动词不定式是不及物动词则需加一个若动词不定式是不及物动词则需加一个介词构成及物动词短语。介词构成及物动词短语。Theres a paper for you to write on.There is nothing for us to wor
22、ry about.6)作作状语状语：动词不定式作状语是用来修饰动词表示动词不定式作状语是用来修饰动词表示行为目的、结果或原因。行为目的、结果或原因。He came to get his ball back.They were too tired to climb up the high mountains.We re glad to see our old friends.(目的状语目的状语）（结果状语结果状语）（原因状语原因状语）请记住下列短语：请记住下列短语：stop to do sth.stop doing sth.forget to do sth.forget doing sth.re
23、member to do sth.remember doing sth.try to do sth.try doing sth.go on to do sth.go on doing sth.试图要做某事试图要做某事试着做某事试着做某事常用不定式的句型常用不定式的句型1.1)Its time to do sth.Its time for sth.2.Its time to have supper.3.=Its time for supper.4.2)Its time for sb.to do sth.5.Its time for Robert to go to school.6.2.It ta
24、kes sb.some time(money)to 7.do sth.8.Itll take us only ten minutes to walk 9.there.3.There s no time to do sth.There was no time to think.4.be+adj.+enough to do sth.5.He feels well enough to watch TV.6.The girl is old enough to go to school.5.be+too+adj.+to do sth.She is too young to work.The boy wa
25、s too frightened to move.6.be+ready+to do sth.He is always ready to help others.7.Its adj.+for sb.+to do sth.Its difficult for Jim to learn Chinese.Its important for the twins to help each other.8.be afraid to do sth.He is afraid to tell his father about it.9.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.I pr
26、efer to stay at home rather than go out.10.would like to do sth.11./would love to do sth.12.Id like to have a cup of tea.13.I would love to go.11.had better+do sth./not do sth.Youd better put on your coat.Its very cold outside.Youd better not go.12.Will you please do sth?Will you please open the win
27、dow?Will you please ask her to come to the teachers office?Pay attention to these:enjoy,finish,keep(on),be busy +doing He enjoyed living there.Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes?We kept on reading English.My brother is busy writing the book.1.选词或词组填空。选词或词组填空。(1)I heard Xiao Ming _(p
28、lay,to play)the piano.(2)Youd better _(ask,to ask)Mary where _(put,to put)it.(3)He opened the door _(let,to let)Mr.Wu in.(4)Now we have nothing _(worry,to worry)about.(5)Jim is made _(wash,to wash)his hands before meals.(6)I want_(to get,getting)something _(to read,reading)on the train.7)Will you pl
29、ease show us how_(use,to use)a computer?(8)Please let me know _(when and where hold,when and where to hold)the meeting.2.句型转换。句型转换。(1)Will you get something that we can eat?(2)Will you get something _ _?(2)The problem is too difficult for me to work out.(3)The problem is _difficult _ I_ work it out.
30、to eat so that cant(1)Im sorry that I must trouble you again Im sorry _ _you again.(4)We saw the man enter the room.(5)The man was seen _ _(6)the room.5)I dont know which bus I shall take.I dont know _ _ _take.to trouble to enter which bus to(6)Dont tell the child who he will go with.Dont tell the c
31、hild _ _ _with.(7)I havent decided if I will sell it.(8)I havent decided _ _sell it.(8)She didnt know how to do it.(9)She didnt know _ she _do it.who to gowhether to how would练习：练习：1.The girl is often seen _ her mother with housework.A.help B.helping C.to help D.to be help2.Please remember _ the doo
32、r before you leave the classroom.A.lock B.locking C.to lock D.locked3.What did you do _ him?A.to help B.helping C.helped D.helps CC A4.We had no chairs _.A.sit B.to sit in C.be sit D.to sit5.The was too frightened _ when he saw the dog.A.not to move B.to move C.so to move D.to be moving6.After worki
33、ng for more than one hour,they stopped _.A.resting B.to have a rest C.having a rest D.restBBB7.You _,as it is raining outside.A.had better not to go out B.had not better go out C.had better to not go out D.had better not go out8.He felt very lonely at night because he had nobody_.A.to talk B.to talk
34、 C.talking D.to talk withDD9.Could you tell me _ a letter in English?A.when to write B.who to write C.how to write D.where to write10.It was kind _ her home.A.of you taking B.for you to take C.of you to take D.at you takeCC2.AlthoughCampbellreachedaspeedofover304milesperhour,hehadgreatdifficultyinco
35、ntrollingthecarbecauseatyreburstduringthefirstrun.What do you think of the Forbidden City?_theForbiddenCityisalmost600yearsold,itisstillverybeautiful.Althoughalthough尽管，虽然尽管，虽然让步状语从句（让步状语从句（AdverbialClauseofConcession）TheForbiddenCityisalmost600yearsold,itisstillverybeautiful.but_theForbiddenCityisa
36、lmost600yearsold,itisstillverybeautiful.AlthoughTheForbiddenCityisstillverybeautiful,_itisalmost600yearsold.althoughWorkouttherule.Wecanusealthoughatthe_orinthe_ofasentencetointroducetheclause.beginningmiddleFinishoffPartAonPage471.itrainedheavily/itwasstillhot2.Igothotandsweaty/Iwalkedslowly3.there
37、wasatraineveryfiveminutes/itwasstillverycrowdedatthestationAlthough there was a train every five minutes,it was still very crowded at the station.Although it rained heavily,it was still hot.I got hot and sweaty,although I walked slowly.4.Igotlost/IwassureIreadthemapcorrectly5.Iatehealthilyeveryday/I
38、gotilllastweek6.Ifeltverytired/Isleptwelllastnight I got lost although I was sure I read the map correctly.Although I ate healthily every day,I got ill last week.I felt very tired although I slept well last night.7.thepeopletherewerefriendly/ImissedBeijingAlthough the people there were friendly,I mi
39、ssed Beijing.although1)通常用来引导让步状语从句通常用来引导让步状语从句,在一般情况在一般情况下可与下可与though通用。通用。though多用语口语多用语口语,although较为正式。较为正式。e.g.Ilikeitalthough/thoughitishardwork.ThechildcanspeaklotsofEnglishalthough/thoughsheisonlysix.Wecanworkouttheproblemalthough/thoughitisdifficult.More rules2)当当although或或though引导的从句放在句引导的从
40、句放在句首时首时,主从句之间要用逗号隔开。主从句之间要用逗号隔开。e.g.Although/Thoughheknewsmokingwasbadforhishealth,hedidntgiveitup.Although/Thoughitistenyearssincetheoldmandied,Istillrememberhim.3)Although和和though都不可以和都不可以和but同时出同时出现在句子里，可以和现在句子里，可以和still,yet同时出现。同时出现。(because,since,as-so)e.g.Although/Thoughitisalongwayfromhishom
41、etothecompany,heoftenwalkstowork.或或Heoftenwalkstoworkalthough/thoughitisalongwayfromhishometothecompany.Beijingisreallybeautifulandbig.Unlessyouhaveamap,youwillgetlosteasilyinit.Youcannotimaginehowamazingthoseplacesofinterestareunlessyouseethemwithyourowneyes.UnlessunlessWorkouttherule.Wecanuseunles
42、satthe_orinthe_ofasentencetotalkaboutexceptionalconditions.beginningmiddleFinishPartBonpage48.Wecanuseunlesstolinktwopartsofasentence.Ithasasimilarmeaningtoif.not.Itisusedtosaythatsomethingcanonlyhappenorbetrueinaparticularsituation.unless1)“如果不如果不,除非除非”引导条件状语从句。引导条件状语从句。e.g.Hewontbelateunlesshegets
43、uplate.Hisparentsdidntcometoseeherunlessshewasill.More rules2)当描述将来发生的事情时当描述将来发生的事情时,通常主句用将来通常主句用将来时时,unless从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。e.g.WewontgotothepartytomorrowunlessMr.Smithdoes.YouwontseetheraisingofthenationalflagunlessyougettoTiananmenSquarebeforethesunrises.3)unless引导的从句放在主句之前时引导的从句放在主句之前时,要要用逗号将从句
44、与主句隔开。用逗号将从句与主句隔开。e.g.Unlessyougetupearly,youwontcatchtheearlybus.Unlessitrainstomorrow,Iwillgotothebeachforapicnic.UnlessyouspeakEnglisheveryday,youcantimproveitquickly.4)unless相当于相当于ifnot,可以互相替换。可以互相替换。e.g.Unlesshestudieshard,hewontcatchupwithothers.Ifhedoesntstudyhard,hewontcatchupwithothers.Hewo
45、ntleavehishomeunlesshisparentsagree.Hewontleavehishomeifhisparentsdontagree.1._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement AThe president will attend BThe president to attend C.The president attended DThe presidents attending2.In some parts of London，missing a bus means _for another
46、hour A.waiting Bto wait Cwait Dto be waiting3.I really appreciate _to relax with you on this nice island Ato have had time Bhaving time Cto have time Dto having time4Fishing is his favorite hobby，and_ Ahes like to collect coins as well Bhe feels like collecting coins，too Cto collect coins is also hi
47、s hobby Dcollecting coins also gives him great pleasure5One learns a language by making mistakes and _them Acorrect Bcorrecting Ccorrect Dto correct6Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up7Tonywasveryunhappyfor_
48、tothepartyAhavingnotbeeninvitedBnothavinginvitedChavingnotinvitedDnothavingbeeninvited8YouwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeetingWell,nowIregret_thatAtodoBtobedoingCtohavedoneDhavingdone9Shedidntremember_himbeforeAhavingmetBhavemetCtomeetDtohavingmet10The library needs_，but itll have to wait until Sunday Acleaning Bbe cleaned Cclean Dbeing cleaned