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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！西安学府考研搜集整理 关注 xaxfky 微信公众账号 获取最新考研资讯 总部在西安 九大校区 全程面授 一流环境 顶级名师 学府考研您最值得信赖的考研培训辅导机构 第 1 页 共 1 页 2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank
2、and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,those of the young women,but also a matchmaker.A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the
3、marriage negotiations.or the young mans parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection.4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The
4、traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the b
5、rides and grooms wrists,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may 12 with them up to a year,13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14,but not common.Divorced pers
6、ons are 15 with some disapproval.Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage,and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice 19 up.The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months
7、.1.A by way of B as well as C on behalf of D with regard to 2.A adapt to B provide for Ccompete with D decide on 3.A close B renew Carrange D postpone 4.A In theory B Above all C In time D For example 5.A Although B Lest C After D Unless 6.A into B within C from D through 7.A sine B or C but D so 8.
8、A test Bcopy Crecite D create 9.A folding B piling C wrapping D tying 10.A lighting B passing C hiding D serving 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！西安学府考研搜集整理 关注 xaxfky 微信公众账号 获取最新考研资讯 总部在西安 九大校区 全程面授 一流环境 顶级名师 学府考研您最值得信赖的考研培训辅导机构 第 2 页 共 2 页 11.A meeting B association C collection Dunio
9、n 12.A grow B part C deal Dlive 13.A whereas B until C for D if 14.A obtain B follow C challenge Davoid 15.A isolated B persuaded C viewed D exposed 16.Awherever B however C whenever Dwhatever 17.A changed B brought C shaped D pushed 18.A divided B invested C donated D withdrawn 19.Aclears B warms C
10、 shows D breaks 20.Awhile B so what Conce D in that Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 France,which prides itself as the global innovator
11、of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that incite excessive thi
12、nness by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.Thats a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health-as some h
13、ave done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men)that they should not let other
14、s be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still re
15、gards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a$85,000 fine and six months in prison.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！西安学府考研搜集整理 关注 xaxfky 微信公众账号 获取最新考研资讯 总部在西安 九大校区 全程面授 一流环境 顶级
16、名师 学府考研您最值得信赖的考研培训辅导机构 第 3 页 共 3 页 The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pres
17、sure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions,Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states,we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the f
18、ashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.The charters main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week,which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying
19、on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be red
20、efined B New runways would be constructed C Websites about dieting would thrive D The fashion industry would decline 22.The phrase impinging on(Line2 Para2)is closest in meaning to A heightening the value of B indicating the state of C losing faith in D doing harm to 23.Which of the following is tru
21、e of the fashion industry A The French measures have already failed B New standards are being set in Denmark C Models are no longer under peer pressure D Its inherent problems are getting worse 24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for A setting perfect physical conditions B caring too
22、much about models character C showing little concern for health factors D pursuing a high age threshold for models 25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?A A challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body Ideals 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！西安学府考研搜集整理 关注 xaxfky 微信公众账号
23、获取最新考研资讯 总部在西安 九大校区 全程面授 一流环境 顶级名师 学府考研您最值得信赖的考研培训辅导机构 第 4 页 共 4 页 B A Dilemma for the starving models in France C Just Another Round of struggle for beauty D The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry Text 2 For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain t
24、his has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate the countryside alongside the royal family.Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue st
25、ylish houses but to save the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience a refreshing air.Hills pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They dont make countryside any more,
26、and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing off-plan building where local
27、 people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable.Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance,has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to
28、using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enou
29、gh sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that housing crisis equals concreted meadows is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them under
30、 lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their ed
31、ges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let trip,After the Netherlands,Britain is Europes most crowed country.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将
32、竭诚为您提供优质的文档！西安学府考研搜集整理 关注 xaxfky 微信公众账号 获取最新考研资讯 总部在西安 九大校区 全程面授 一流环境 顶级名师 学府考研您最值得信赖的考研培训辅导机构 第 5 页 共 5 页 an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rat
33、her than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britains public sentiment about the countryside A is not well reflected in politics B is fully backed by the royal family C didnt start fill the Shakespearean age D has brought much benefit to the NHS 27.According to
34、paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being A largely overshadowed B properly protected C effectively reinforced D gradually destroyed 28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3 A Labour is under attack for opposing development B The Conservatives may abandon off-
35、plan building C Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation D The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence 29.The author holds that George Osborness preference A shows his disregard for the character of rural area B stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis C highlights h
36、is firm stand against lobby pressure D reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas 30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of A the size of population in Britain B the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain C the town-and-country planning in Britain D the political life in todays B
37、ritain Text 3 There is one and only one social responsibility of business wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.But even if you accept Friedmans premise and regard corporate social responsibility(C
38、SR)policies as a waste of shareholderss money,things may not be absolutely clear-act.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！西安学府考研搜集整理 关注 xaxfky 微信公众账号 获取最新考研资讯 总部在西安 九大校区
39、全程面授 一流环境 顶级名师 学府考研您最值得信赖的考研培训辅导机构 第 6 页 共 6 页 The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15 billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a signal that a
40、companys products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse halo effect whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CS
41、R have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under Americans Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part
42、of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence,rather than their
43、CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR.We estimate that
44、either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%result in fines that generally are 40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the quest
45、ion at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton
46、Friedmans statement about CSR with Auncertainty Bskepticism Capproval Dtolerance 32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company by Aguarding it against malpractices Bprotecting it from consumers Cwinning trust from consumers.Draising the quality of its products 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚
47、为您提供优质的文档！西安学府考研搜集整理 关注 xaxfky 微信公众账号 获取最新考研资讯 总部在西安 九大校区 全程面授 一流环境 顶级名师 学府考研您最值得信赖的考研培训辅导机构 第 7 页 共 7 页 33.The expression more lenient(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to Aless controversial Bmore lasting Cmore effective Dless severe 34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a companys CSR record Acom
48、es across as reliable evidence Bhas an impact on their decision Cincreases the chance of being penalized Dconstitutes part of the investigation 35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?A The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown B Companies financial
49、 capacity for it has been overestimated C Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked DIt has brought much benefit to the banking industry Text 4 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of d
50、ebate.Sometime in the future,the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,theres plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses,delivery trucks-isnt just expensive;its excessive at a time