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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2017 年考研英语(一)真题及答案详解 2017 年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a
2、 resounding“yes!”_1_ helping you feel close and _2_ to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a _3_ of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you _4_ getting sick this winter.In a recent study _5_ over 400 health adults,researchers from
3、 Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs _6_ the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being _7_ to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come _8_ with a cold,and
4、 the researchers _9_ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _10_ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect._11_ among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe _12_.“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _13_ r
5、isk for colds thats usually _14_ with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps _15_ the feeling that others are there to help _16_ difficulty.”Some experts _17_ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of
6、 oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”_18_ it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it _19_ in the brain,where it _
7、20_ mood,behavior and physiology.1.A Unlike B Besides C Despite D Throughout 2.A connected B restricted C equal D inferior 3.A choice B view C lesson D host 4.A recall B forget C avoid D keep 5.A collecting B involving C guiding D affecting 6.A of B in C at D on 7.A devoted B exposed C lost D attrac
8、ted 8.A across B along C down D out 10.A served B required C restored D explained 11.A Even B Still C Rather D Thus 12.A defeats B symptoms C tests D errors 13.A minimized B highlighted C controlled D increased 14.A equipped B associated C presented D compared 15.A assess B moderate C generate D rec
9、ord 16.A in the face of B in the form of C in the way of D in the name of 17.A transfer B commit C attribute D return 18.A because B unless C though D until 19.A emerges B vanishes C remains D decreases 20.A experiences B combines C justifies Dinfluences Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Direc
10、tions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！First two hours,now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up
11、 to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,p
12、rovides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Secu
13、rity Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons-both fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicagos OHare International
14、.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only s
15、o much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more peo
16、ple in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reaso
17、n is sticker shock.Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCh
18、eck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to_.A stress the urge
19、ncy to strengthen security worldwide*B+explain Americans tolerance of current security checks C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.Airports D emphasize the importance of privacy protection 22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-o
20、n bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word“expedited”(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to _.A quieter B faster C wider D cheaper 24.One problem with the PreCheck program is _.A a dramatic reduction of its s
21、cale B its wrongly-directed implementation*C+the governments reluctance to back it D an unreasonable price for enrollment 25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Getting Stuck in Security Lines B PreCheck a Belated Solution C Less Screening for More Safety D Underused PreChe
22、ck Lanes Text 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Met
23、er Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the w
24、orlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing ne
25、w.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescop
26、es,they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet scien
27、ce has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban
28、future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes
29、.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental im pact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of th
30、eir lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates _.A its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B t
31、he importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.*D+her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to _.A its geographical features B its protective surroundings.C its religiou
32、s implications.D its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because _.A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It
33、can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy _.A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.*D+will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mau
34、na Kea as the TMT site is one of _.A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3 Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted t
35、o slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the U
36、Ks GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries a
37、nd their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 differe
38、nt sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除
39、！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isnt the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures
40、including civil society,income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success,the world looks very different.So,what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for m
41、easuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could l
42、ead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he _.Apra
43、ised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _.Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Cthe UK will contribute less to
44、 the world economy.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt is sponsored by 163 countries.BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,th
45、e author suggests that _.Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a U
46、K Lesson BGDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic Health CRebort F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP*D+Brexit,the UKs Gateway to Well-being Text 4 In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while hol
47、ding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or th
48、e former governors decisions on“specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for open
49、ing doors is“distasteful”and“nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act”.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of fav
50、oritism that is not criminal.Elected le aders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.”The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,”assumes that public officials will hear fr