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1、what is elegant English?You can never have too much sky.You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky,and sky can keep you safe when you are sad.Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky.Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most things that are beautiful.Still,we take what we can ge
2、t and make the best of。你永远不能拥有太多的天空。你可以在天空下睡去，醒来又沉醉。在你忧伤的时候，天空会给你安慰。可是忧伤太多，天空不够，蝴蝶不够，花儿也不够。大多美好的东西都不够。于是，我们去我们所能，好好的享用。芒果街上的小屋芒果街上的小屋IT is a truth universally acknowledged,that（a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.）这是一条举世皆知的真理，那就是（一位钱袋满盈的单身汉是必须要找一位女士成家的）。傲慢与偏见 There
3、 is no royal road to(science.)（.）路上无坦途。马克思。It is rather hard work:there is now no smooth road into the future:but we go round,or scramble over the obstacles.Weve got to live,no matter how many skies have fallen.This was more or less Constance Chatterleys position.The war had brought the roof down ov
4、er her head.And she had realized that one must live and learn.D.H.Lawrence Lady Chatterleys Lover这是一种颇为艰难的工作。现在没有一条通向未来这是一种颇为艰难的工作。现在没有一条通向未来的康庄大道，但是我们却迂回前进，或攀援障碍而的康庄大道，但是我们却迂回前进，或攀援障碍而过。不管天翻地覆，我们都得生活。过。不管天翻地覆，我们都得生活。这大概就是康士丹斯查太莱夫人的处境了。她曾亲尝世界大战的灾难，因此她了解了一个人必要生活，必要求知。四六级考试作文命题相同评分不同-差别在哪里？四级和六级考试写作虽然
5、曾经采用相同的命题，但是评分却有差别。具体地讲，语汇语汇、语型语型、句句法法和章法结构章法结构多个方面在深度和准确程度上有差异。写四级作文，考生应该注意不要超过四级考试的考生应该注意不要超过四级考试的词汇范围词汇范围。句法结构要有适当的变化句法结构要有适当的变化，但是不要但是不要使用过于复杂的从句。使用过于复杂的从句。否则，错误的复杂句子远远不如正确的简单的句子。具体题目例题：1998年1月 Part Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition
6、 on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象?2.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。究竟什么才是优秀的四级作文呢？分析：1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象?2.举例说明假冒伪
7、劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。这个考题要求考生 描述社会上有不少假冒伪劣的商品描述社会上有不少假冒伪劣的商品 分析社会现象存在的原因分析社会现象存在的原因 利弊陈述利弊陈述 这是四级和六级共同要求的语言功能，这两种考试都要求考生严格按照命题的提纲写作。所以三三个段落的划分个段落的划分就十分清楚。比较四级和六级考试的两篇范文的主要区别问题分析逻辑：问题分析逻辑：（文章的中间主题段落）四级考生：用基本的句型表达清楚；六级考生：必须从表层浅显，甚至是司空见惯的社会生活现象挖掘出深层的本质原因深层的本质原因。范文四是从社会的法律和社会秩序的维系主体立义。表达方式：表达方式：六级使用的句子长度和难度
8、较高。四级中没有复杂多变的句子。六级作文明显体现出从句多，层次关系复杂六级作文明显体现出从句多，层次关系复杂。讲 评1.类比性思维和写作手法处理抽象复杂的命题 2.比较结构的句型写作训练 3.主语从句为代表的复杂句法结构 4.定语从句的训练 词 汇 替 换1.important=crucial(extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal,ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous,it seems to be everyw
9、here)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra),plentiful(enough for peoples needs and wants)4.stick=adhere,cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore(difference:neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something疏忽;ignore means no attention故意不理.)We were tromented by the in the ou
10、tback by the ubiquitous Australian fly.在内地，我们被无处不在的澳大利亚苍蝇所折磨。As far as homeless goes,the vast majority of people just sit back and ignore it.对于无家可归这个问题，大多数人都袖手旁观，熟视无睹。Many of these ideas have been neglected by college students,who just indulge themselves in the enjoyment of seemingly relaxed campus
11、life.很多诸如此类的观点都已经被大学生忽略。他们仅仅沉浸在貌似轻松的校园生活中。6.near=adjacent(two things next to each other),adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman,old-fashioned),seek(if you seek sth,you try to obtain it.FORMAL)8.accurate=precis e(precise is exact and accurate in all details),exact(correct in every de
12、tail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak,petitor=rival,opponent(especially in sports and politics)1 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something,you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective,standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular
13、way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired),reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings,FORMAL),establish 16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble(complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical(
14、very important and great in degree),fundamental 19.relieve=alleviate(alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really
15、is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate,it often has many small parts and details)；sophisticate23.Lonely=solitary(if someone is solitary,there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small),minute25.praise=extol(stronger than praise颂扬),compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assid
16、uous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly专心致志的，勤勉的）专心致志的，勤勉的）27.difficult=arduous(if something is arduous,it is difficult and tiring,and involves a lot of efforts费力艰巨的费力艰巨的)28.poor(soil)=barren,infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted
17、 on it)29.fragile=brittle,vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate(to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people证明证明.)These findings clearly demonstrate the fact that umemployment leads to poor health.这些发现清楚的证明失业导致健康不佳这个事实。Illustrate(
18、to make the meaning of something clearer by giving examples):举例说明某事物Nixons downfall illustrates the immense power of the media.尼克松的倒台显示出新闻媒体的巨大威力。31.big=massive(large in size,quantity,or extent),colossal(use this word,you emphasize somethings large),tremendous(INFORMAL)+32.avoid=shun(if someone shun
19、s something,s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault(physically attack someone),assail(attack violently 35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extre
20、me extent for moral reasons),loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate(it means damage something very badly,or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always,but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes),immutable(something immutable will never change or
21、 be changed)Power invariably means responsibility and danger.实力永远意味着责任和危险。41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly),astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal(a great enthusiasm),fervency(sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peacefu
22、l),serene(calm and quiet)!44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive),sumptuous(grand and very expensive 46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious,you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem s
23、omeone,you respect and admire him/her.FORMAL：self-esteem 自重自重)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something,you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold),icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous,hazardous(dangerous,especially to peoples safety and health)52.
24、nowadays=currently 53.only=unique(the only one of its kind),distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases,it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)(h 56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent,man
25、ifest 58.basedon=derived from,can see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly His generosity manifests itself in times of difficulties.他的慷慨在困境中表现了出来。61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought,activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(co
26、me into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)8 65.wet=moist(slightly wet),damp(slightly wet),humid(very damp and hot)!66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable 68.change=convert(change into another form：Converse运动品牌)69.typical=quintessential(this word means r
27、epresent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger),prudent(careful and sensible)The“Demise of the Antients”is quintessential virtual online game popular among young people nowadays.穿越火线是目前在年轻人中典型的虚拟网络游戏。71.ability=capacity,capability(the same as abilit
28、y)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric,s/he behaves in a strange way,or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent,you have a lot of money)74.use=utilize(the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something,you have doubts on it.)
29、76.satisfy=gratify(if you are gratified by something,it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting,ephemeral(if something is ephemeral,it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship 79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous
30、(if something is hideous,it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray,chaos 85.crazily=franti
31、cally(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION:meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to descr
32、ibe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable,you think it very unlike to happen）92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.me
33、thod=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)9
34、7.possible=feasible(if something is feasible,it can be done,made or achieved)98.so=consequently,accordingly 99.rare=infrequent(doesnt happen often 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)The principal of good paragraphingA paragraph:a signal to the reader that one unit of thought has ended and a new
35、 unit of thought has begun.A paragraph:a unit of thought and usually consists of a group of sentences that are related to each other.Each paragraph develops a specific idea that supports the thesis statement;it also connects that idea to the other ideas presented in the paper.When paragraphing:Put o
36、nly one main idea in each paragraphCompose three to five or more sentences per paragraphMake your paragraphs proportional to your paper.Add details to support a paragraph you think is really too short and make it into a more fully developed paragraph.Unity,coherence and developmentThree qualities of
37、 a successful paragraph:It should focus on one main idea(unity)with all its parts related(cohererence)and its main idea sufficiently supported with specifics and details(development).(关于文章统一请见word文档)Paragraph length,paragraph transitions and paragraph separation（关于段落长度请见word文档）Paragraph transitions:
38、you should begin a new paragraph when you want to expand on a specific topic or when there is a change in a thought or idea,the scene,the time,or the speaker.Paragraph transitions are words or phrases that link paragraphs and create a smooth transition.（此处transitions are about coherence,例子见word文档）bu
39、t for over half of his screen career,Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.Indeed,it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find“the right voice”for his Tramp.He postponed that day as long as possibleIt cant be me.Is that poss
40、ible?How extroadinary,”is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.But that shock roused his imagination.Chaplin didnt have his jokes written into a script in advance,How to add transition?“The plane left Beijing International Airport destined for San Francisco.”1.repeati
41、ng the same word,:“the plane,a Boeing 707,was filled to capacity”;2.using a similar word,”the flight left Gate 17 and lifted off from Runway 4-Left,passing the Twin Tower before banking to the west”;Supplying more detail,:”Flight 93,owned and operated by China Airlines,was just beginning a six-hour
42、passage over a continent stirring from sleep”;Using a pronoun to refer to a previous noun:”it was a solidly built aircraft,110 feet long,that had withstood winds and stroms throughout the world.”Using introductory words,as in“Meanwhile,a group of four men led by Hu Jintao-Chairman of Peoples Republi
43、c of China-were about to participate in the bilateral talk held in United Stated next Monday.”起：引导主题句Firstly,first,first of all,to begin with,in the first place,to start with一般来说：Generally speaking,in general,起初in the beginning,最初：at first,现在：at present,now 目前：currently,最近：recently,lately 承:用于承接全体句或
44、前面的发展句第二点：secondly,second此外：besides,in addition而且，此外：furthermore,whats more,moreover除.之外：in addition to并且；又，也:also,too其次 for another例如 for example,for instance,as an example再如：as another example即(就是)：namely换句话说：in other words尤其，特别：in particular同样地 in the same way,similarly此后 afterwards;after that过了一
45、会儿：after a while几天之后：after a few days从此：from now on后来 later正如 just as与此同时 meanwhile此时 by this time不久 soon然后 then当然 of course 同样重要 equally important为此 for this purose结果 consequently转：用于表示不同或相反的情况on the contraryon the other hand.,but some people claims that.while,.whereas,.合：用于小节段落中上文的内容，引导最后一个发展句或引导结
46、尾句，表示段落结束因此：hence最后 finally总之 in conclusion简言之 in short,in brief摘要地说 in summary简单地说 briefly最重要的是 above all结果 as a result所以 so,for this reason终于 at last如所述 as I have said 如前所述 as has been noted最后 eventually一般来说 by and large最终 eventually于是 accordingly 的确 indeed,truly无疑 undoubtedly显然 obviously 关联词（请各位陆
47、续完善）表示举例说明：A case in point,after all,as a proof,as an illustration,namely,specifically,that is表示增补：Additionally,again,along with,also,and then,equally,in other words,just as表示强调：Above all,anyway,as a matter of fact,certainly,indeed,in particular,most important,undoubtedly,without doubt表示对比或对照：By con
48、trast,conversely,in contrast,instead,on the contrary,on the other hand,otherwise,unlike,whereas,while,yet表示让步：Admittedly,after all,all the same,although,nevertheless,of course,it is true that,still表示结果：Accordingly,hence,in this way,thus表示转折：Except for,rather than,otherwise,in spite of 表示顺序In the fir
49、st place,besides,further,firstly,to start with段落提纲（outline）A college education has several advantage for young people1.trains in professional skills2.develops powers of reasoning,analysis and judgement3.expand cultural background1.expand cultural background a.a girl from Inner Mongolia coming to Nanjing i.food ii.housing iii.friends b.a boy from Guangzhou coming to Inner Mongolia 2.develops powers of reasoning,analysis and judgement3.trains in professional skills