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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！1 2011 年考研英语(一)试题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exercise precio
2、us to health.”But _1_some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2_short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,_3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_,a good laugh is unlik
3、ely to have _5_ benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does._6_,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_,studies dating back to the 1930 s indicate that laughter_8_ muscles,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies d
4、own.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedback,that improve an individual s emotional state._11_one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reacti
5、ons.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also _14_ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Str
6、ack of the University of wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2 a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips,which would produce a(n)_17_ expression.Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny
7、 catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown,_19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike 2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce 3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpa
8、iring Ddetermining 4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve 5.Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable 6.AIn turn BIn fact CIn addition DIn brief 7.Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected 8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes 9.Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10.Aphysical Bmental Csub
9、conscious Dinternal 11.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for 12.Awith Bon Cin Dat 13.Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause 14.Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15.Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16.Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！3 17.Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoy
10、ful Dindifferent 18.Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted 19.Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing 20.AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mar
11、k your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the most part,the response has been favorable,
12、to say the least.“Hooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times,calls him“an unpreten
13、tious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part,I have n
14、o idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！4 is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All
15、 I have to do is to go to my CD shelf,or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-loving public,classical instrumental
16、ists must compete not only with opera houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today s live perfo
17、rmances;moreover,they can be“consumed”at a time and place of the listener s choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new musi
18、c that is not yet available on record.Gilbert s own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into“a markedly different,more vibrant organization.”But what will be the nature of that difference
19、?Merely expanding the orchestra s repertoire will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert s appointment has Aincurred criticism
20、.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！5 Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers Aignore the expenses of live performances.Breject
21、 most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.
22、CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feels Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！6 Dpuzzled.Text 2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank
23、 of America in August,his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving“to pursue my goal of running a company.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much my decision,”McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talkin
24、g for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspir
25、ations.And McGee isn t alone.In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who don t get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulen
26、t business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous
27、 boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most a
28、ttractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can t think of a single search I ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！7 Those who jumped without a job haven t
29、 always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post
30、at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was it s safer to stay where you are,but that s been fundamentally inve
31、rted,”says one headhunter.“The people who ve been hurt the worst are those who ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure,his manner can best be described as being Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives quitting may be spurred by Athei
32、r expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably means Aapproved of.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！8 Battended to.Ch
33、unted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Atop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dit s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best t
34、itle for the text?ACEOs:Where to Go?BCEOs:All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a Net DThe Only Way Out for Top Performers Text 3 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid”media such as television commercials and print adverti
35、sements still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create“owned”media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the broad range of factor
36、s beyond conventional paid media.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！9 Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,such marketers act as the initiator for users responses.But in some cases,one marketer s owned media become another markete
37、r s paid media for instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy,ef
38、fectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson,for example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.Besides generating income,the presence of other marke
39、ters makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing,and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)co
40、mmunications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make ne
41、gative allegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of
42、 the target company at risk.In such a case,the company s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！10 its recall crisis earlier this year with a
43、 relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create“earned”media when they are A obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by
44、 product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature A a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organizati
45、on.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media A invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motor s experience is cited a
46、s an example of A responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！11 C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives
47、to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4 It s no surprise that Jennifer Senior s insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life,”is arousing much chatter nothing gets peopl
48、e talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measur
49、ed by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The
50、magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive and newly single mom Sandra Bullock,as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news.Practically every week features at