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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2020 年考研英语（一）真题答案及解析 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once
2、 the case,millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nations great traditions:the Sunday roast._1_ a cold winters day,few culinary pleasures can _2_it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined that this _3_ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure
3、 _4_ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has _5_ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures.This means that people should _7_ crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzas and only _8_ toast their b
4、read.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?_9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！humans.Scientists say the compound is _11_ to be carcinogenic
5、but have no hard scientific proof._12_ the precautionary principle,it could be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice._14_,it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a _15_.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be _16_ up on Sunday along
6、side some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?_17_,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods _18_,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their _19_ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares j
7、ust _20_ with no one listening.1.A In B Towards C On D Till 2.A match B express C satisfy D influence 3.A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4.A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed 5.A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6.A under B at C for D by 7.A forget B regret C finish
8、D avoid 8.A partially B regularly C easily D initially 9.A Unless B Since C If D While 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！10.A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11.A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12.A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to
9、13.A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate 14.A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all 15.A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern 16.A made B served C saved D used 17.A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general 18.A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D care
10、fully 19.A promise B experience C campaign D competition 20.A follow up B pick up C open up D end up 解析：今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。需要对文章内容有全面和精准的把握才能做好。主要内容讲的是虽然烤肉之类的食品是会对健康带来危害，我们对这些健康方面的危言耸听也不可过度恐慌。属于比较生活的话题。下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。On a cold winters day 意思是在一个寒冷冬日。介词 on
11、后加具体的某一天；in 后加一段时间，例如 in winter，in 2002；toward 表方向，不与时间搭配；till 意思欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！是直到，例如 till tomorrow，till next week，与句意不符。故正确答案为 on。2.【答案】A match【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。文章的首段首句提到：即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭，但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一：星期日烤肉。On a cold winters day,few culinary pleasur
12、es can _2_it.在一个寒冷的冬日，很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。match 匹配。express 表达。satisfy 满足，满意；确信；符合。influence 影响。3.【答案】B enjoyment【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。后文 Yet 进行语义转折：然而正如现在报道的那样，食品卫生部门认为这种 3 会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。enjoyment 乐趣与上文 pleasures 和下文 another pleasures 互为关联信息。patience 耐心，耐性。surprise 惊喜。concern 关心。4.【答案】D
13、guaranteed【解析】此处考察非谓语动词做后置定语的用法。空格所在句指出：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。guaranteed有保证的，一定的，填入空格处意为：这种快乐会导致另一种有罪的快乐，肯定会损害我们的健康。intensified 增强，加剧；privileged享有特权，专用，特许；compelled 强迫。5.【答案】A issued 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】此处考察词义辨析。The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has _5_ a public war
14、ning.食品标准管理局 一项公开的警告.issued 发表，发布，发出；received 接收，接到；ignored 忽视，忽略；canceled 取消。issued a public warning 发出一项公开的警告符合文意。6.【答案】B at【解析】此处考察介词辨析。in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures.under 在.下面；for 为了；因为；对于；by 在旁边；通过；由于；经过。7.【答案】D avoid【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。7 空句首 this mean 代词 this指代上文高温炙烤的食物里会有化学复合物有害人体身体健
15、康。所以下文提出建议人们应该 7 炸土豆，不吃薄皮披萨并且.7 空同时也与 reject 构成语义并列的关系，故 avoid 正确。forget 忘记；regret 后悔；finish 完成。8.【答案】A partially【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。.and 空前文说到建议人们不吃炸土豆，薄皮披萨或者只是 8 烤面包。partially 部分地，偶尔地；regularly 有规律地；easily 容易地；initially 最初地。故 A 选项正确。9.【答案】D While【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系+逻辑连接词辨析。_9_ studies 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源
16、于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.9 研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但是没有 10 证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。前后句为转折/对比/让步的逻辑关系，故选择 while 表示虽然，尽管。Unless 除非，表条件的逻辑关系；Since 因为，表因果逻辑；If 如果，表条件的逻辑关系。10.【答案】C conclusive【
17、解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。9 研究表明丙烯酰胺可引起小鼠神经损伤，但是没有 10 证据表明它会导致人类患癌症。conclusive 决定性的；令人信服的；确凿的 secondary 第二的，中等的；间接的；external 外面的，外部的；表面上的；外用的；外国的；negative 消极的，否认的。11.【答案】C likely【解析】此处考察固定搭配。be likely to 可能。insufficient 不足的，不够的；bound 捆绑的，束缚的，有义务的；slow 缓慢的。12.【答案】A On the basis of【解析】此处考察短语辨析+上下文逻辑。_12_ the
18、precautionary principle,it could be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice.12 预防性原则，可以说遵循 FSA 的建议是 13。On the basis of 以.为基础，根据，按照；At the cost of 以.为代价；In addition to 除.之外；In contrast to 与之相对，相反。13.【答案】B advisable 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】此处考察形容词词义辨析。根据预防性原则，可以说遵循FS
19、A 的建议是 13。interesting 有趣的；advisable 明智的，可取的；urgent 急迫的；fortunate 侥幸的，幸运的。14.【答案】D After all【解析】考察逻辑关系。原文中上一句说“基于“预防原则”，可以认为最好遵循 FSA 的建议”。本句说“在有证据证明吸烟与癌症之间的联系之前，吸烟导致癌症的传言就已经流传多年了。结合选项分析，As usual 像往常一样，In particular 尤其，特别，By definition根据定义，After all 毕竟，只有 After all 符合文意。15.【答案】C connection【解析】本题考察动宾搭配
20、，结合语境和句子成分理解，这里的名词放在 prove“证明”后面，整体处在不定式中做主语补足语说明主语evidence，这里“证据”应该是证明出来(吸烟和肺癌)有联系的，故选择 connection。Resemblance 相似，combination 结合，pattern模式，均不符合。16.【答案】B served【解析】本题考察主谓搭配，此处为被动语态，和主语 a piece of boiled beef 构成实际上的“动宾关系”，句意“毫无疑问，一片煮熟的牛肉总能在周日和一些蒸蔬菜一起_16_”。这里 served up 表示“上菜，端上”正和文意。而其他选项 made 制作，save
21、d 节省，used 使用，均不符合。17.【答案】A To be fair 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！【解析】本题考察主谓搭配，上一句说“但是生命值得过下去吗?”本句话说，“英 FSA 表示，它并没有告诉人们.不吃烘焙食品”，可见后文并没有对上文进行举例(for instance)或总结(To be brief)或表示经常发生的事情(in general)，故，应该选择顺承关系的 To be fair。18.【答案】B entirely【解析】此处考察副词的修饰关系。本句话句意为“英 FSA 表示，它并没有告诉人们不吃烘焙食品
22、_18_”。结合各选项分析：reluctantly 不情愿地，entirely 完全地，gradually 逐渐地，carefully 小心谨慎地，能跟前面的否定词 not 呼应使用表示一种部分否定的，只能是 entirely 才合适，not.entirely 表示“并未完全.”。19.【答案】C campaign【解析】本题考察主谓搭配。根据原文语境“然而，他们(FSA)的.有风险给人一种劝诱式保姆的感觉”，答案 campaign 表示“(开展的)运动，活动”放在这里最合适。promise 承诺，experience 经历或经验，competition 竞争，均不能体现本文中 FSA 所做行
23、为的代称。20.【答案】D end up【解析】考察动宾搭配，这里的句义是“持续不断的健康威胁_20_却没有人在听。”这里想强调太多的的对健康的恐慌的最终结果，只有“结束，以.告终”这个含义最符合，所以选择 end up，而 follow 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！up 跟踪，坚持完成，pick up 捡起，拾起，偶然学到，open up 打开，开发，均不符合文义。Section Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answ
24、er the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK town of culture award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing ci
25、ty of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain town,it is true are not prevented
26、 from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Some might see the proposal as a boo by p
27、rize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celeb
28、ration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run year of culturewashes in and out of a place like th
29、e tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the peop
30、le who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow
31、s year as European capital of 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honourin
32、g a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a town of culture award would _.A.consolidate the town city ties in Britain B.promote cooperation among Brains towns
33、 C.increase the economic strength of Brains towns D.focus Brains limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by some as _.A.a sensible compromise B.a self-deceiving attempt C.an eye-catching bonus D.an inaccessible target 23.The author suggests tha
34、t a title holder is successful only if it _ 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A.endeavor to maintain its image B.meets the aspiration of its people C.brings its local arts to prominence D.commits to its long-term growth 24.“Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _ A.a contrastin
35、g case B.a supporting example C.a background story D.a related topic 25.What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A.Skeptical B.Objective C.Favorable D.Critical 21 C increase the economic strength of Britains towns 这道题是细节题。题干问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样可以定位在第一段第三句：“Cooper and her colleagues ar
36、gue that the success of the crown for Hull,”“赫尔之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它为赫尔带来了 2.2 亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。英国的城镇，确实没有被阻止申请，但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。有人认为，“文化之城”奖可以成为一项年度活动，吸引资金并创造就业机会。所以能看出答案是 C.增强英国城镇的经济实力。22 B a self-deceiving attempt 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！该题是推断题,题干问:根据第二段，这一提议或许会被一些人认为是.。可以
37、定位在第二段第一句“Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that”“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一个嘘声，因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了”能看出来有些人是持反面态度的。很多人不认识 boo，但是也能从后面的 on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,在绝望地为英国退欧后的世界重塑形象之际，英国即将消失在一场无休
38、止的自我庆祝热潮之中.接下来几个反问句，能看出来是一种自我欺骗的尝试，所以选择 B。23 D commits to its long-term growth 该题也是细节题,题干问:作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要它可以定位到第三段第三句，这些头衔真正成功的持有者，是那些除了为酒店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之外，还做了很多事情的人。它们转变了当地居民的愿望；他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。所以能看出只要他把致力于乡村的长期发展中，这个头衔就会是成功的。24 A.a contrasting case 这题是写作目的题，题干说：第 3 段提到格拉斯哥是为了展
39、现什么。可以定位到第三段倒数第一句。可以看到前面有明显的 BUT，知道和前面的意思成相反。“这个问题很难解决，需要高度的远见卓识，也需要城市当局、私营部门、社区团体和文化组织之间的合作。但这欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！是可以做到的:格拉斯哥作为欧洲文化之都的一年，可以被看作是一系列复杂的因素之一，这些因素把这座城市变成了艺术、音乐和戏剧的力量，直到今天。”25 D favourable 这题是作者态度题，问作者对于这个建议的态度。第一段是提出该建议。第二段是一些人认为这个建议有点吹嘘。而只有最后一段能看出作者对此建议的态度，“一
40、个“文化之城”不仅仅是艺术之城，而且要尊重一个城市的特色帮助维持它的商业街，支持当地的设施，最重要的是赞美它的人民，并将其转化为行动。”所以能看出是积极赞成的态度。Text 2 Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the speci
41、alised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very pri
42、ce sensitive.Scientific 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25%of the scientific pa
43、pers produced in the world,made profits of more than 900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research；both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,
44、and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselv
45、es legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British
46、scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has no
47、t worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around 500 to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subs
48、criptions and of these article preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who
49、run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partly because_ A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.B its marketing strategy has been successful.C its payment for peer review is reduced.D its content acquisition
50、costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_ 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A thrived mainly on university libraries.B gone through an existential crisis.C revived the publishing industry.D financed researchers generously.28.How does the autho