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1、Learning about languageDiscovering useful words and expressions1.Fill in the table below.Noun Adjectiveambitiousabsentsuitabilitybenefitannoyanceambitionabsencesuitablebeneficialannoyed/annoyingNounAdjectiveclumsinessfirmnessnoisepsychologyencouragingencouragementpsychologicalnoisyfirmclumsyGrammar
2、动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等语、状语、补足语等,但但不能作谓语不能作谓语。不定式不定式可以有自己的可以有自己的逻辑主语逻辑主语,即即for sb.to do sth.。1.不定式作主语不定式作主语 To finish this report took him a week.My job is to help the poor person.2.不定式作表语不定式作表语 To see is to believe.What I would suggest is
3、to put off the meeting.想一想想一想!3.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 I decided to ask for my money back.4.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补1)带带to的不定式作的不定式作宾补宾补。很多动词如。很多动词如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等等后面作后面作宾补宾补的不定式的不定式都带都带to。e.g.He didnt allow us to smoke in his house.他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。2)不带不带t
4、o的不定式的不定式作宾补作宾补。使役动词。使役动词make,have,let;感官动词感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,notice等后面等后面作宾补的不定作宾补的不定式不带式不带to。e.g.He made a face and made everybody laugh.他做了一个鬼脸他做了一个鬼脸,逗得大家都笑了逗得大家都笑了.如果上述结构变为被动语态如果上述结构变为被动语态,不不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语足语,此时第此时第2类动词类动词(let,have无被动语无被动语态态)后原来不带后原来不带to的不
5、定式要加的不定式要加to。e.g.He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼去了。有人看见他上楼去了。Be careful!注意注意 :5.不定式作定语不定式作定语 Do you have anything to say on the question?注意注意:作定语的不定式如果是不及物作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点、工具等词是不定式的地点、工具等,不定式不定式后面须有相应的介词。后面须有相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in.There is no
6、thing to worry about.6.不定式作状语不定式作状语 I stayed there to see what would happen.We were very excited to hear the news.1.It is good to help others.2.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.3.My ambition is to work in the computer ind
7、ustry when I grow up.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想4.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6.A big company has decided to buy it from me.7.My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.(a
8、ttribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8.I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9.Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.10.We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.(adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,c
9、hoose,claim,come,consent,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,elect,endeavorThe following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive.Remember!expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hesitate hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise refuse,say,seem,tend,threaten
10、,want,wish The following verbs are normally followed by V-ing.avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,cant helpRemember them!The following verbs are normally followed by V-ing or the infinitive.love,like,hat
11、e,prefer,dislike,begin,continue,intend,attempt,propose,want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,deserve,startBear them in your mind!动词后面跟动词后面跟V-ing还是还是不定式不定式,含义不含义不相同相同,总的来说总的来说,表示习惯的表示习惯的,一般性的动一般性的动作多跟作多跟V-ing,一次性的具体的被动动作一次性的具体的被动动作多跟多跟不定式不定式。1)I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。我想和你一块儿去。重点重点!I like readin
12、g.我喜欢阅读。我喜欢阅读。He promised to help her.他答应过要帮助她。他答应过要帮助她。We love watching VCD.我们喜欢看我们喜欢看VCD。2)remember,forget,regret后面跟后面跟V-ing时时,表示过去的动作表示过去的动作,后面跟不定式时后面跟不定式时,不定不定式表示将来的动作。式表示将来的动作。I remember meeting him in the street.我记得在街上见过他。我记得在街上见过他。I remember to write a letter to my parents.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。我想起来要给
13、我父母亲写信。3)“stop+V-ing”表示停止做某事表示停止做某事,“stop+不定式不定式”表示停下来做某事。表示停下来做某事。Stop smoking,please.请不要抽烟请不要抽烟。Lets stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。咱们停下来休息一下吧。4)mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing 意味着意味着 I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.5)try to do 设法尽力做某事设法尽力做某事 try doing 试着做
14、某事试着做某事 You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.短语讲解短语讲解never mind 不必担心不必担心never mind 单独使用时意为单独使用时意为“没关系没关系”,“不要紧不要紧”,“不用费事不用费事”,习惯用语以下习惯用语以下场合：场合：1)当别人向你道歉。当别人向你道歉。2)e.g.Sorry to have kept you waiting.很抱歉很抱歉,让你久等了。让你久等了。3)Never mind.没关系。没关系。2)
15、请人放心、安慰人家时。请人放心、安慰人家时。e.g.but please go before the enemy comes.请在敌人到来之前离开。请在敌人到来之前离开。Never mind,my boy.It wont take long.不要紧不要紧,小伙子小伙子,用不了多长时间。用不了多长时间。3)当别人要帮忙或为你做某件事情时。当别人要帮忙或为你做某件事情时。e.g.Let me carry the bag for you.让我给你拿包。让我给你拿包。Never mind.不麻烦你了。不麻烦你了。Im sorry Im late.I got held up in the traffic on my way here._.A.Dont be late next time.B.You should be blamed.C.It doesnt matter.Im also late.D.Never mind.Come and sit down.更多更多mind短语短语:make up ones mind(to do sth.)下决心下决心(做某事做某事)lose ones mind 发疯发疯;脑子不正常脑子不正常keep ones mind on 把心思放在把心思放在上上have in mind 有有想法想法,想到想到change ones mind 改变主意改变主意