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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上05. 高分子化学05.1 高分子物质05.2新序码汉文名英文名注释1高分子macromolecule, polymer又称“大分子”。2超高分子supra polymer3天然高分子natural polymer4无机高分子inorganic polymer5有机高分子organic polymer6无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer 7金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8元素高分子element polymer9高聚物high polymer10聚合物Polymer11低聚物Oligomer曾用名“齐聚物”。
2、12二聚体Dimer13三聚体Trimer14调聚物telomer15预聚物prepolymer16均聚物homopolymer17无规聚合物random polymer18无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24规整聚合物regular polymer25非规整聚合物irregular polyme
3、r26无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer又称“等规聚合物”。28间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer又称“间规聚合物”。29杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer又称“异规聚合物”。30有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称“有规聚合物”。31苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisota
4、ctic polymer34赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36共聚物copolymer37二元共聚物binary copolymer 38三元共聚物terpolymer39多元聚合物multipolymer 40序列共聚物sequential copolymer41多层共聚物multilayer copolymer42多相聚合物multiphase polymer43统计结构共聚物statistical copolymer44无规共聚物random copolymer45交替共聚物alt
5、ernating copolymer46周期共聚物periodic copolymer47梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48嵌段共聚物block copolymer又称“嵌段聚合物(block polymer)” 。49递变嵌段共聚物tapered block copolymer50两亲嵌段共聚物amphiphilic block copolymer 51二嵌段共聚物diblock copolymer52三嵌段共聚物triblock copolymer53多嵌段共聚物segmented copolymer54杂聚物heteropolymer 55恒组分共聚物azeotropic
6、 copolymer56多组分共聚物multicomponent copolymer 57单分散聚合物monodisperse polymer, uniform polymer58多分散性聚合物polydisperse polymer, non-uniform polymer59高分子共混物polyblend, polymer blend60聚合物-聚合物配合物polymer-polymer complex61聚合物-金属配合物polymer-metal complex62单股聚合物single-strand polymer63双股聚合物double-strand polymer 64多股聚合
7、物multi-strand polymer65链型聚合物chain polymer66碳链聚合物carbon chain polymer 67杂链聚合物heterochain polymer68杂环高分子heterocyclic polymer69大环聚合物macrocyclic polymer70直链高分子straight chain polymer 71线型聚合物linear polymer 72体型聚合物three-dimensional polymer又称“网络聚合物(network polymer)” 、交联聚合物(crosslinked polymer)”。73活性高分子livin
8、g polymer74反应性聚合物reactive polymer75极性聚合物polar polymer76非极性聚合物non-polar polymer77刚性链聚合物rigid chain polymer78半柔性链聚合物semi- flexible chain polymer79柔性链聚合物flexible chain polymer80刚棒高分子rigid rod polymer 81棒状高分子rodlike polymer 82刚-柔嵌段共聚物rod coil block copolymer 83树状高分子dendrimer, dendritic polymer, tree pol
9、ymer84刷状聚合物brush polymer 85线团状聚合物coilingtype polymer 86花菜状聚合物cauliflower polymer 87螺旋形聚合物helical polymer 88锥形共聚物tapered copolymer89梯形聚合物ladder polymer90分段梯形聚合物step ladder polymer 91部分梯形聚合物partial ladder polymer 92碳环梯形聚合物carbocyclic ladder polymer 93梳形聚合物comb polymer94星形聚合物star polymer95遥爪聚合物telechel
10、ic polymer96支化聚合物branched polymer97超支化聚合物hyperbranched polymer 98接枝聚合物graft polymer又称“接枝共聚物(graft copolymer)”。99核-壳共聚物core shell copolymer 100核-壳胶乳聚合物core shell latex polymer 101手性高分子chiral polymer102互穿聚合物网络interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN103半互穿聚合物网络semi-interpenetrating polymer network(SIPN)
11、104异质同晶聚合物polyallomer105多晶形聚合物polycrystalline polymer106缔合聚合物association polymer107共轭聚合物conjugated polymer108螯合聚合物chelate polymer109远螯聚合物telechelic polymer110螯合型离子交换剂chelating ion-exchanger111螯合型树脂chelating resin112紫胶shellac又称“虫胶”。113蚕丝natural silk114骨胶原collagen115凝胶gel 116明胶gelatin117黄原胶xanthate gu
12、m118琼脂agar-agar 119树胶gum 120白蛋白albumin 121脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA） 122淀粉amylum，starch123直链淀粉amylose 124支链淀粉amylopectin125甲壳质chitin126葡聚糖dextran又称“右旋糖酐”。127糊精dextrin128木素lignin129纤维素cellulose130纤维素 cellulose131纤维素 cellulose132纤维素 cellulose133硝酸纤维素cellulose nitrate又称“硝化纤维素”。134胺纤维素amine cellul
13、ose135乙酸纤维素cellulose acetate俗称“醋酸纤维素”。136甲基纤维素methyl cellulose137羟乙基纤维素hydroxyethyl cellulose138羧甲基纤维素carboxymethyl cellulose139天然橡胶natural rubber140三叶橡胶Hevea 141杜仲胶Eucommea rubber142古塔波胶Gutta percha 143合成聚合物synthetic polymer144加成聚合物addition polymer145通用高分子commodity polymer146功能高分子functional polymer
14、147仿生高分子biomimetic polymer 148形状记忆高分子shape-memory polymer 149类酶高分子enzyme like polymer 150生物高分子biopolymer151生物弹性体bioelastomer152生物活性高分子 bioactive polymer153生物可蚀性高分子bioerodable polymer 154生物降解高分子biodegradable polymer155医用高分子medical polymer156生物医用高分子biomedical polymer 157高分子药物polymer drug158降解性高分子degra
15、dable polymer159高性能高分子high performance polymer160高模量聚合物high modulus polymer161特殊性能高分子speciality polymer又称“特种高分子”。162智能聚合物intelligent polymer 163亲水聚合物hydrophilic polymer 164疏水聚合物hydrophobic polymer 165两亲聚合物amphiphilic polymer 166吸水性聚合物water absorbent polymer167水溶性高分子water soluble polymer168大孔聚合物macro
16、porous polymer169精细高分子fine polymer170聚合物-polymer俗称“米花状聚合物 (popcorn polymer )”。171热解聚合物pyrolytic polymer172高熔聚合物dystectic polymer173光响应高分子photoresponsive polymer174光活性聚合物optical active polymer175光敏聚合物photosensitive polymer176光弹性聚合物photoelastic polymer177感光聚合物photopolymer 178光致发光聚合物photoluminescence p
17、olymer179电致发光聚合物electroluminescent polymer180热敏发光聚合物thermosensitive luminescence polymer181光交联聚合物photocrosslinkable polymer 182光固化聚合物photocureable polymer 183辐射固化聚合物radiation curable polymer 184光降解聚合物photodegradable polymer185辐射降解聚合物radiation-degradable polymer186光电导聚合物photoconductive polymer187导电聚合
18、物conducting polymer188超导聚合物superconductive polymer189高分子半导体semiconducting polymer190电活性聚合物electroactive polymer 191压电高分子piezoelectric polymer 192热电性高分子pyroelectric polymer 193电致变色聚合物electrochromic polymer194磁性聚合物magnetic polymer195超离子导电聚合物super ion-conductive polymer196铁磁聚合物ferromagnetic polymer197铁
19、电聚合物ferroelectric polymer198烧蚀聚合物ablative polymer199高分子离子 macroion200聚合物驻极体polymer electret201高分子添加剂polymeric additive202液晶高分子liquid crystal polymer203溶致液晶高分子lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer 204热致液晶高分子thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer205侧链型液晶聚合物side chain liquid crystalline polymer 206主链型液
20、晶聚合物main chain liquid crystalline polymer 207高分子催化剂polymer catalyst208高分子载体polymeric carrier, polymer support209高分子试剂polymer reactant, polymer reagent210离子交联聚合物ionomer211离子交换聚合物ion exchange polymer212离子交换树脂ion exchange resin213正离子交换树脂cation exchange resin214负离子交换树脂anion exchange resin215大网络树脂macrore
21、ticular resin216离子聚合物ionic polymer217聚电解质polyelectrolyte又称“高分子电解质 (polymer elec-trolyte)”。218两性聚电解质polyampholyte, polyamphoteric electrolyte219聚合物溶剂polymer solvent220树脂resin221热敏性树脂thermally sensitive resin222天然树脂natural resin223热塑性树脂thermoplastic resin224热固性树脂thermosetting resin225塑性体plastomer226烃类
22、树脂hydrocarbon resin227石油树脂petroleum resin228茚树脂indene resin 229苯并呋喃-茚树脂coumarone-indene resin230萜烯树脂terpene resin231丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin简称“ABS树脂”。232丙烯腈-苯乙烯树脂acrylonitrile styrene resin (AS) 233丙烯酸酯类树脂acrylic resin234氟碳树脂fluorocarbon resin235缩醛树脂acetal resin236缩甲醛树脂meth
23、ylal resin237缩丁醛树脂butyral resin 238酚醛树脂phenol-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin239甲阶酚醛树脂resol又叫“可溶酚醛树脂”。240乙阶酚醛树脂resitol又叫“半熔酚醛树脂”。241丙阶酚醛树脂resite 又叫“不溶不熔酚醛树脂”。242糠醛树脂furfural resin243糠醛苯酚树脂furfural phenol resin 244苯酚醚树脂phenol ether resin245呋喃树脂furan resin246氨基树脂amino resin247脲醛树脂urea-formaldehyde
24、resin248聚脲树脂carbamide resin 又叫“碳酰胺树脂”。249尿素树脂urea resin250三聚氰胺树脂Aminotriazine resin 251三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂melamine-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin252聚酯类树脂polyester resin253醇酸树脂alkyd resin254烯丙基树脂allyl resin255有机硅树脂silicone resin256氟树脂fluoroethylene resin257环氧树脂epoxy resin258脂肪族环氧树脂aliphatic epoxy resin 259
25、双酚A环氧树脂bisphenol A epoxy resin 260氧化还原树脂redox resin261烯类聚合物vinyl polymer262双烯聚合物diene polymer 263烯烃共聚物olefine copolymer (OCP) 264乙烯基聚合物vinyl polymer265聚烯烃polyolefin266聚乙烯polyethylene267超高分子量聚乙烯ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE268高密度聚乙烯high density polyethylene, HDPE269低密度聚乙烯low density
26、 polyethylene, LDPE270线型低密度聚乙烯 linear low density polyethylene, LLDPE271超低密度聚乙烯ultra low density polyethylene, ULDPE272长支链聚乙烯long chain branched polyethylene 273聚丙烯polypropylene274全同立构聚丙烯isotactic polypropylene(iPP ) 又称“等规聚丙烯”。275聚1-丁烯poly(1-butene)276聚异丁烯polyisobutylene277聚4-甲基-1-戊烯poly(4-methyl-1-
27、pentene)278聚(1-辛烯)poly(1-octene)279聚苯乙烯polystyrene280高抗冲聚苯乙烯high impact polystyrene, HIPS281聚乙炔polyacetylene282丙烯酸酯类聚合物acrylic polymer283聚丙烯酸poly(acrylic acid)284聚丙烯酸盐polyacrylate285聚丙烯酸酯polyacrylate286聚甲基丙烯酸酯polymethacrylate287聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly(methyl methacrylate)288乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物ethylene vinyl acetate co
28、polymer (EVA) 289聚乳酸poly(lactic acid)，polylactide290聚（-氨基丙酸）poly(alanine) 又称“尼龙3”、“聚酰胺3”。291聚（-氨基己酸）poly( amino caproic acid)又称“尼龙6”、“聚酰胺6”。292聚（8-氨基辛酸）poly(8 amino caprylic acid)又称“尼龙8”、“聚酰胺8”。293聚胱氨酸polycysteine 294聚谷氨酸poly(glutamic acid) 又叫“聚2-氨基戊二酸”。295聚甘氨酸polyglycine 296聚丙烯腈polyacrylonitrile297
29、聚乙酸乙烯酯poly(vinyl acetate)俗称“聚醋酸乙烯酯”。298聚乙二醇poly(oxyethylene glycol) 299聚乙烯醇poly(vinyl alcohol)300聚乙烯醇缩甲醛poly(vinyl formal)301聚乙烯醇缩丁醛poly(vinyl butyral)302聚氯乙烯poly(vinyl chloride)303聚1,2-二氯亚乙烯poly(vinylene chloride)304聚偏二氯乙烯poly(vinylidene chloride)又称“聚偏二氯乙烯”。305聚氟乙烯poly(vinyl fluoride)306聚偏二氟乙烯poly(
30、vinylidene fluoride)又称“聚偏二氟乙烯”。307聚三氟氯乙烯poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), PCTFE308聚四氟乙烯poly(tetrafluoroethylene)309聚全氟丙烯poly(perfluoropropene)310聚丁二烯polybutadiene3111,4-聚丁二烯1,4-polybutadiene3121,2-聚丁二烯1,2-polybutadiene313顺式-1,4-聚丁二烯cis-1,4-polybutadiene314反式-1,4-聚丁二烯trans-1,4-polybutadiene315聚环戊二烯polyc
31、yclopentadiene 316聚异戊二烯polyisoprene3171,2-聚异戊二烯1,2-polyisoprene3183,4-聚异戊二烯3,4-polyisoprene319顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯cis-1,4-polyisoprene320反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯trans-1,4-polyisoprene321聚氯丁二烯polychloroprene322开环聚环烯烃polyalkenamer对于环烯烃的聚合产物，由于聚合机理的不同，一种是开环聚合，一种是保留环打开双键的聚合。323聚降冰片烯polynorbornene324醛类聚合物aldehyde polymer 32
32、5丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein polymer326乙炔类聚合物acetylenic polymer327丙二烯聚合物allene polymer 328二乙炔聚合物diacetylene polymer329二烯丙基聚合物diallyl polymer330偶氮类聚合物azo polymer331氧杂环丁烷聚合物oxetane polymer332配位聚合物coordination polymer333阻透聚合物barrier polymer334氧化性聚合物oxidative polymer335缩聚物polycondensate336共缩聚物intercondensation poly
33、mer 337聚羧酸酯polycarboxylate338聚酯 polyester339脂肪族聚酯aliphatic polyester 340芳香族聚酯aromatic polyester 341共聚酯copolyester342饱和聚酯saturated polyester343不饱和聚酯unsaturated polyester344聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯poly(ethylene terephthalate)345聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate)346聚对苯二甲酸对苯二酯pol
34、y(p-phenylene terephthalate)347聚碳酸酯polycarbonate348双酚A聚碳酸酯bisphenol A polycarbonate 349聚酰胺polyamide350聚醚酰胺poly(ether amide) 351聚己内酰胺polycaprolactam352聚己二酰己二胺poly(hexamethylene adipamide)353聚芳酰胺polyaramide, aromatic polyamide354多肽polypeptide355聚醚polyether356芳香族聚醚poly (aryl ether)357共聚醚copolyether 358
35、嵌段聚醚酯block poly(ester ether) 359聚甲醛polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde360低聚甲醛paraformaldehyde又称“多聚甲醛”。361共聚甲醛copolyoxymethylene 362聚环氧乙烷poly(ethylene oxide)又称“聚氧化乙烯(polyoxyethylene)”。363聚环氧丙烷poly(propylene oxide)又称“聚氧化丙烯(polyoxytrimethyl-ene)”。364聚环氧氯丙烷polyepichlorohydrin365聚四氢呋喃polytetrahydrofuran,
36、polyoxytetramethylene366聚苯醚polyphenylene oxide又称“聚亚苯醚”。367聚硫醚polythioether368聚硫化物polysulfide369聚对亚苯硫醚poly(p-phenylene sulfide)俗称“聚苯硫醚”。370聚对亚苯poly(p-phenylene)371聚砜 polysulfone372聚芳砜poly(aryl sulfone) (PAS)373聚芳砜酰胺aromatic polysulfonamide 374聚醚砜poly(ether sulfone)375聚二苯醚砜poly(diphenyl ether sulfone)
37、376聚酰亚胺polyimide377聚均苯四酰亚胺-1,4-亚苯poly(pyromellitimido-1,4-phenylene)378聚苯并咪唑polybenzimidazole379聚苯并噻唑polybenzothiazole 380聚喹喔啉polyquinoxaline381聚醚酮poly(ether-ketone), PEK382聚醚醚酮poly(ether-ether-ketone), PEEK383聚醚酮酮poly(ether-ketone-ketone), PEKK384聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane简称“聚氨酯”。385聚脲polyurea386聚醚氨酯poly(e
38、ther-urethane)387聚苯胺polyaniline388苯醌聚合物quinone polymer 389硅酸盐聚合物silicate polymer, polysilicate390塑料plastic 391塑料合金plastic alloy 392工程塑料engineering plastic393增强塑料reinforced plastic394纤维增强塑料fiber reinforced plastic 395自增强聚合物self-reinforcing polymer396复合材料composite397纳米复合材料nanocomposite 398分子复合材料molecular composite399原位复合材料in situ composite 400有机-无机杂化材料organic inorganic hybrid material 401混杂复合材料hybrid composite 402橡胶