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1、Book 5 Unit 1 GrammarBook 5 Unit 1 Grammar过去分词做表语、定语过去分词做表语、定语Revision V-ing form一、动词一、动词一、动词一、动词-ing-ing形式作表语形式作表语形式作表语形式作表语1 表示主语的内容表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the classroom as clean as possible.(=Keeping the classroom as clean as possible is her job)2 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态表示主语具有的特征、性
2、质和状态(动词动词ing 相当一相当一个形容词）个形容词）The story is quite interesting.This book is very boring.常用来作表语的现在分词有常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing,amusing,boring,confusing,disappointing,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising等。等。二、二、动词动词-ing形式作定语形式作定语1 单个的动词单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义
3、。有两种含义。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomforreading 在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的正在进行的动作动作，也可表示，也可表示经常性动作经常性动作或或当时的状态当时的状态。an ordinary-looking house 看起来很普通的房子看起来很普通的房子=a house that looks ordinarya sleeping boy 正在睡觉的男孩正在睡觉的男孩=a boy who is sleeping2.作定语的动词作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则形式如是
4、一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面应放在被修饰词的后面,做做后置定语后置定语，相当，相当于一个定语从句。于一个定语从句。Do you know the boy playing basketball?（=who is playing basketball)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The past participle The past participle as attribute&as attribute&predicativepredicative1.过去分词知多少1.惊恐的人们惊恐的人们2.预留的座位预留的座位3.被污染的水被污染的水4.拥挤的教室拥挤的教
5、室5.打碎的花瓶打碎的花瓶6.关了的门关了的门7.疲惫的观众疲惫的观众1.terrified/astonished people2.reserved seats3.polluted water4.a crowded room5.a broken vase6.a closed door7.the tired audience2.摸底测验1.The painter looked so_(tire)after working for a whole day.2.I was_(disappoint)with the film I saw last night.I had expected it to
6、be better.3.Everybody is really _(excite)about the new Olympic stadiums.4.His wound became_(infect)with a new virus.tireddisappointedexcitedinfected单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。词的后面。Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuilt in 1980s.3.过去
7、分词过去分词作定语作定语位置位置一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语1 1、及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时一一般般兼兼有有被被动动和和完成完成的意义。的意义。eg：a usedused stamp an injuredinjured finger注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动被动意义。意义。e.g.：spokenspoken English 英语口语英语口语 writtenwritten exercises 书面练习书面练习 少少数数表表示示位位移移或或状状态态改改变变的的不不及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词只有去分词只有完成完成的意义
8、的意义fallenfallen leaves 落叶落叶 the risenrisen sun 升起来的太阳升起来的太阳a returnedreturned student 一名留学生一名留学生 a retiredretired teacher 一名退休教师一名退休教师an escapedescaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯一名逃跑的囚犯 2 2、过过去去分分词词作作后后置置定定语语，表表示示被被动动和和或或完完成成意义意义。e.g.：The books writtenwritten by Lu Xun are popular鲁迅写的书很受欢迎鲁迅写的书很受欢迎Well go to
9、visit the bridge builtbuilt hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。Practice:Change the following Past Participle into clauses.1）The question discussed was very important.=The question _ was very important.which had been discussed注注：本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，既既表表被被动又表完成。动又表完成。2）The United
10、 States is a developed country.=The United Stated is a country _.which has developed注注：本本句句中中的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，只只表表示示完完成。成。A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析 过去分词做定语：过去分词做定语：表被动，表完成表被动，表完成。现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语：表主动，表进行表主动，表进行。不定式作定语：表示不定式作定语：表示将要发生将要发生的动作。的动作。TheOlympicGames,
11、_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.区别区别 1 1Falling leavesFallen leaves区别区别 21.Falling leaves2.Fallen leaves3.Disappointing news4.Disappointed people5.Exciting story6.Excited people7.Tired people/Im tired8.Tiring film1.正在飘的正在飘的落叶落叶2.已经落在地上的已经落在地上的落叶落叶3.令人令人失望的消息失望的消息4.感到感到失望的人们失望的人们5.激动人心的激
12、动人心的故事故事6.（感到）（感到）激动的人们激动的人们7.累了的人累了的人/我我感到感到累了累了8.（使人觉得）（使人觉得）无聊的电无聊的电影影区别区别 2二、过去分词作表语二、过去分词作表语1 1、过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，表表示示主主语语的的特特点点或或所所处处的的状状态态，其其前前的的系系动动词词有有包包括括bebe在在内内的的多多种种形式。形式。e.g.：Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。You seem frightened.你似乎受了惊吓。你似
13、乎受了惊吓。系动词bebecome,get,go,grow,turnkeep,remain,stay,feel,look,appear,seem，smell,sound,taste,prove,2 2、过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，构构成成的的系系表表结结构构与与被动语态的区别：被动语态的区别：过过去去分分词词作作表表语语，强强调调特特点点或或状状态态；而被动语态中，强调而被动语态中，强调动作动作。e.g.：This shop is now closedclosed 这家商店现在已经关门了。这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态状态)This shop is closedclosed at 6 pm
14、everyday 这家商店每天这家商店每天6 6点关门。点关门。(动作）动作）3.3.表示表示“感觉流露感觉流露”的一些过去分词的一些过去分词(如如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去和一些过去 分词分词(如如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用常用 作表语作表语,表示状态表示状态.其中有些其中有些仅表示状态仅表示状态,毫无被动毫无被动 意味。意味。How did the audience receive the new play?They got very excited.She was
15、 very disappointed to hear the result.Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.How did Bob do in the exams this time?Well,his father seems pleased with his results.现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别V-ing 形式表示“令人的”V-ed 形式表示“某人感到的”The story is interesting.I am interested in the story.C解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。该题
16、考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。此计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayCWhat he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him.A.disappointing;disappointed at B.disappointing;disappointed a
17、bout C.disappointing;disappointed with D.disappointed;disappointing bybe prepared to do be interested in doing/sthbe interested to dobe worried aboutbe concerned withbe absorbed in doing/sthdefeated enemya boy named/called Billcracked/broken window准备好做某事准备好做某事对对感兴趣（习惯）感兴趣（习惯）对对感兴趣（一次性）感兴趣（一次性）担心担心关心
18、关心专注于专注于被打败的敌人被打败的敌人一个叫一个叫Bill的男孩的男孩打碎的窗户打碎的窗户/玻璃玻璃短语积累短语积累语法专练语法专练1.China is _.A.a developed countryB.a country which was developingC.a developing countryD.a country which is developed2.look!A _ woman was coming.A.beautiful dressed B.dressed beautiful C.beautifully dressed D.dressed beautifully 3.M
19、r smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring4.After the fight,a caretaker found that a young man _ so he telephoned for an ambulance immediately.A.seriously injuredB.was injured seriouslyC.was serious injuredD.was seriously injured5.It i
20、s believed that if a book is_,it will surely _ the reader.A.interested;interestB.interesting;be interestedC.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest6.He held the _ stick high and went on in the dark cave.A.litB.lightedC.burnt D.firing7.We had our picnic lunch in the forest next to a _ tree.A.fallenB.falling C.being fallingD.been fallen8.If the building project _ by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.A.is completedB.to be completedC.being completedD.completed