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1、-辽宁中医药大学-药植名词解释(英)-第 7 页1.Annual ring(年轮)：the early wood and late wood arise alternate in a year,formed 2. Pharmaceutical botany :pharmaceutical botany is utilizing common botany knowledge and method to study plants that possesses prevention and cure illness as well as health protection function.3.P
2、hloem ray(韧皮射线):the seondary ray located in phloem called phloem ray two parts of this is terned vascular ray维管射线4.Dorsi-ventral leaf（两面叶）：the lamina(叶片）has distinctions in appearance and structure between upper and lower surfaces and characteristic reticulate venation of dicotyls(双子叶植物)5.Multiple e
3、pidermis(复表皮) : most species epidermis is only one layer cell ,but few species can be several layer cells termed multiple epidermis.6.Rhytidome(落皮层):the older periderm(周皮) and inner dead tissue compound body separated by new periderm is called rhytidome.7.Early wood(早材)：in spring, the large thin wal
4、l xylem(木质部) ducting(导管) cell are formed，called early wood8. Late wood :in autumn, the small ,thickened wall xylem ducting cells are formed called9.Heart wood(心材): central part of xylem ,color heavy hard , contain many metabolish products.10.Sap wood(心材)：outside part of xylem ,color light, soft,cond
5、ucting function.11.Intra-fascicular cambium(束中形成层): between the xylem and phloem(韧皮部) groups,the vascular bundles include a region of potentially meristematic(分生细胞) cells formed 12.Medullary ray (髓射线): it is called primary ray also ,a tissue region between vascular bundles(维管束) ,it connects the cort
6、ex(皮质) and pith(髓) in primary stems, consisting of parenchyma, it mainly cross transmission and storage.13.root skin: in botany ,root skin is periderm. in pharmaceutical botany, root skin is outer part of cambium(形成层), include phloem and periderm(周皮).14.secondary ray(次生射线): when the cambium active ,
7、it divedes some parenchyma at some position, and radial arrangement, the cells are showing radial lengthen cross in secondary vascular tissue15.xylem ray(木射线): the secondary ray located in xylem called 16.Phloem ray(韧皮射线): the secondary ray located in phloem called 17.pericycle(中柱鞘):the external lay
8、er of the vascular cylinder(维管柱) is the pericycle ,adjacent to the endoderm(内皮层).18.endogenous(内生源): lateral roots arise in the deeper tissue of root ,origin from pericycle ,termed endogenous19.radial vascular bundle(辐射性维管束): location between the xylem angles ,arranged in alternate manner, it is ter
9、med20.exarch(外始式): proxylem (原木质部)groups located the outside of primary xylem ,termed21.casparian strip(凯氏带): the 2 radial and 2 end walls are showing strip shape thickened on the inner surface of cell wall, termed 22.casparian dot(凯氏点): in transverse section the casparian strip is showing like dot
10、on radial walls ,termed20.Passage cell (通道细胞): usually we can find without casparian strip thickened endodermis cells that located opposite the xylem ,the cells are called21.organ:the part of plant body that possesses certainly outer shape and inner structure and composed of several tissues, carry o
11、ut a same physiological function is termed panion cell: occurring side of the sieve cell, small, slender cell, cytoplasm abundant, retain nucleus after maturity, contact with sieve tubes.23.crystal fiber: the parenchyma(薄壁组织) cells contain crystal that surrounded the fiber bundle.24Phellem cork laye
12、r木栓层: outer layer is phellem ,arranged in radial raw.25.phellogencork cambium木栓形成层：middle layer is , only 1 layer cell26.phellodermgreen cork栓内层: inner layer is phelloderm indistinct with cortical parenchyma, in stem, usually contain chloroplast termed the green cortex27.lenticels(皮孔) ：under the sto
13、ma ,the periderm(周皮) broken.28.filled cell: the phellogen divided many parenchyma cells into outer of it, they are loosely arrangement, no suberization(栓化) ,termed29.stomata: the is composed of 2 guard cells and a pore(孔) in dicotyledonous(双子叶植物)30.guard cell: specialized epidermal(表皮) cells that su
14、rrounded pore are called31.accessory cell: in conjunction with the guard cells ,outer adjacent and distinctive epidermal cells may assist in opening and closing the pore ,these are known as32.glandular hair(腺毛)：the comprise those whose terminal cell or cells are modified into a more or less globular
15、 gland for gummy ,resinous, or oily deposits.33.differentiation(分化)：the process of the growth and morphophysiological specialization of the cells produced by the meristems is called34.tissue: each group of cells similar in source, structure, and function is called35.plasmodesmata(胞间连丝)：the connect t
16、he protoplasts of neighboring cells. they are present almost in all living cells of higher plants.36.pits(纹孔)：certain position of the cell wall remain thin even as the secondary wall is formed and they, therefore, consist only of primary wall and middle layer.37.pit-pair: generally each pit has a co
17、mplementary pit exactly opposite it in the wall of the neighboring cell. such pits from a morphological and functional unit called38.pit cavity(纹孔腔)：the cavity formed by the break the secondary wall is called 39.pit aperture(纹孔口): the opening of the pit on the inner side of the cell wall ,i.e. on th
18、at side facing the lumen of the cell ,is called 40.torus(纹孔塞)：in some plants there are bordered pit pairs in which the pit membrane is thickened in its central portion ,this thickening, which is of a primary nature ,is disc shaped and is termed41.bordered pit(具缘纹孔): the main characteristic of border
19、ed pits is that the secondary wall develops over the pit cavity to form an overarching roof with a narrow pore in its center.42.middle lamella (胞间层): the is the cement that holds the individual cells together to form the tissues and it is found between the primary cell walls of neighboring cells, it
20、 is an amorphous substance.43.primary wall: in the process of cell growth ,the pectin(果胶质), cellulose(纤维素),and hemicellulose(半纤维素) etc. Substance secrete by protoplasts active, add and fill them on the inner surface of the middle lamella forming the 44.secondary wall: the is added on the inner surfa
21、ce of the primary wall after the cell stop growth .main elements are cellulose ,hemicellulose and less lignin(木质素) .45.hilum(脐点)：starch grains commonly show layering around a point termed The layers are termed annular striation lamellae(层纹)46.cell sap(细胞液)：tonoplast is vital protoplast, and inner fl
22、uid content of it is termed 47.organelle(细胞器): a membrane enclosed different specific structure in the cytoplasm ,everyone possesses specific function to the life of the cell.48.cytoplasm(细胞质)：the basis comprises part of the protoplast ,between cell wall with nucleus.49.centroplasm(中质): the position
23、 that between 2 membrane is termed 50.protoplast(原生质体)：the all living part of a cell .in a plant cell this includes the cytoplasm ,nucleus, cell membrane, plastid(质体) ,golgi body, ribosome(核糖体), lysosome(溶酶体) etc organelles51.sexual reproduction(有性生殖):the formation of new individual of a species by
24、the fusion(融合) of two normally haploid gametes(合子) to form a diploid zygote is called 52.asexual reproduction(无性生殖):the formation of new individuals from the parent without the fusion of gametes is called53.spore(孢子): spore is usually a simple asexual unicellular reproductive unit ,produced by the s
25、porophyte(孢子体) generation following meiosis and are thus usually haploid(单倍体)54.gametophyte(配子体): the gametophyte can produce gamete(配子) ,usually is haploid generation in the life cycle of a plant55.gamete(配子): the gamete is a cell or nucleus that may participate in sexual fusion to form a zygote(受精
26、卵)56.sporophyte(孢子体): the sporophyte is an individual of the diploid(二倍的) generation in the life cycle of a plant57.life cycle(生活史): in algae and other plants there are the series of events from the production of gametes in one generation to the same stage in the subsequent generation ,the process i
27、s called58.alternation of generation (世代交替): in most plants ,it usually includes an asexual and a sexual phase resulting in alternating diploid and haploid individuals on the life cycle ,the process is called alternation of generation59.isogamy(同配): the 2 gametes show similar in shape ,size and acti
28、on60.anisogamy(异配): the 2 gametes show similar in shape but different in size and action the big one is called female gamete, and small one is called male gamete61.oogamy(卵配): the 2 gametes of show different in shape ,size and action62.scientific name(学名): it is a unity latin name and defined by int
29、ernational plant commission nomenclature(命名法) code 63.species(种): possessed alike morphological feature ,without intermediate form ,members of a species can interbreed freely, possessed fixed geographical location64.double fertilization(双受精): in angiosperm reproductive process: one sperm cell unites with one egg cell to form the 2N zygote be development-2N embryo. one sperm cells unites with 2polar nuclei by development -3N endosperm .the event is termed 65.ventral suture(腹缝线): the united position of carpel edge66.dorsal suture(背缝线): the midrib vein of carpel (modified leaf)