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1、资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值NeonatalAsphyxiaandResuscitationThefirstaffiliatedhospitalofxinxiangmedicaluniversityNICU资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值
2、值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Clinical ExampleYouareaskedtoattendanemergentcesareansectiondeliveryofa40weeksgestationinfantwithnon-reassuringhearttones.Motherisa30-yearoldgravidaImarriedwomanwhowasadmittedinactivelaborfourhoursago.Membranesarerupturedatthetimeofdeliveryrevealingbloodyamnioticfi
3、uidbutnomeconium.At30secondsoflife,heremainsapneicandcyanotic.Hisheartrateis30beatsperminute.Youadministerpositivepressureventilationwith100%FiO2,andnotegoodchestwallrisewitheachpositivepressurebreath.Theinfantcontinuestobeapneicandbradycardicwithaheartrateof40bpm.Chestcompressionsarebegunandpositiv
4、epressureventilationiscontinued.Following30secondsofcoordinatedventilationandchestcompressions,hisheartrateisstill40bpm.Youintubatetheinfantwhilethenursedrawsupepinephrinetobegivenviatheendotrachealtube.Thereisnoimprovementinhisheartratefollowingadministrationofepinephrine.Theinfantremainsbradycardi
5、c.reassessPositivepressureventilationandchestcompressions are continued as you the infant.Good breath sounds are heardbilaterally,buthisskinremainspaleandmottledandpulsesaredifficulttopalate.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有
6、资资金的金的时间时间价价值值lDefinitionlPathophysiologylEvaluationoftheNewlyBornInfantlResuscitationlResuscitationProgramalgorithmStudy Highlights资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值DefinitionNeonatalasphyxiaismainlyduetofailur
7、eofthenewborntobreatheafterbirth,oritsheartfailstopumpenoughbloodto the lungs for gas exchange,or it has low haemoglobinlevels(anaemia)soitcannotdeliverenoughoxygenaroundthe body.The baby who cannot breathe cannot establishindependentlifeoutsidethemother.Therefore,thepurposeofneonatal resuscitation
8、is to help the newborn to establishspontaneous breathing and facilitate oxygen delivery to itsorgans and tissuesparticularly the brain,which is veryquicklydamagedbyoxygenshortage.Youmayalsoneedtoresuscitateanybabythatisseverelyanaemicduetobloodlossduringlabouranddelivery,orthatcontinuestobecyanoticd
9、espiteestablishedbreathing.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值PathophysiologyDuringlabor,thefetusexperiencesbriefperiodsofischemia and hypoxemia because with each uterinecontraction,flow to the placenta(胎 盘)decre
10、asestransiently,impairing placental gas exchange.However,thefetusisabletorecoverbetweeneachcontractionandblood gases performed in the umbilical cord(脐 带)immediately after birth are within a normal”range.Overstimulationoftheuteruswithoxytocin(催产素)maylead to excessively frequent contractions with limi
11、tedrecoverytimeandtherebycompromisefetalwell-being.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值PathophysiologyToachievesuccessfultransitiontoextrauterinelife,theinfantmustaccomplishdramaticcardiorespiratorychanges.Inthefi
12、rstminutesaftercordclamping,withtheinitiationofbreathing,lungsmustbeexpandedandfluidinsidethealveoliandairwaysmustberapidlyabsorbed.Pulmonarybloodflowmustincreasedramatically,andintracardiacandextracardiacshuntsinitiallyreversedirectionandsubsequently close.The first breaths of a normal-termneonatee
13、xertnegativepressuresthatmayreachpressuresashighas80cmH2O.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Evaluation of the Newly Born InfantTheassessmentofthenewbornspostnataladaptationinthedeliveryroomisusuallydoneusingtheA
14、pgarscore,whichevaluatesfiveclinicalsigns:heartrate,respiratoryeffort,color,tone,andresponsetostimuliat1and5min.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Evaluation of the Newly Born InfantSign012HeartrateAbsent100bpmRe
15、spiratoryeffortAbsentSlow,irregularGood,cryingMuscletoneFlaccidSomeflexionextremitiesActivemotionReflexirritabilityNorespondGrimaceVigorouscryColorPaleCyanoticcompletelypinkThe Apgar score for evaluation of adaptation of the newborn infant after birthThehigherthescore,thebetterthebabyisdoingafterbir
16、th.Ascoreof7,8,or9isnormalandisasignthatthenewbornisingoodhealth.Ascoreof10isveryunusual,sincealmostallnewbornslose1pointforbluehandsandfeet,whichisnormalforafterbirth.Anyscorelowerthan7isasignthatthebabyneedsmedicalattention.Thelowerthescore,themorehelpthebabyneedstoadjustoutsidethemotherswomb.资资金是
17、运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Evaluation of the Newly Born InfantlAnapneicinfantshouldscore“0”,eveniftheinfantisventilated.lInadequate respiratory efforts should score“1”,also if the infant isventilated.lTheprem
18、atureinfantthatishypotonicscores“1formuscletone.lHeart rate(HR)is the most relevant clinical sign indicating adequatepostnataladaptationand/orresponsetoresuscitation.Inaddition,HRinthefirstminutesoflifehasprognosticvalueregardingmortalityintheearlyneonatalperiod.lAssessment of the color also shows h
19、igh interobserver variability,especiallyinpreterminfants.Thiscanbeavoidedwiththeuseofpulseoximetry(脉搏血氧仪).Itisimportanttounderstandthathealthy-termnewbornsdonotreachpreductal(导管前)oxygensaturations(血氧饱和度)greaterthan85-90%until5minandpreterminfantsnotuntil10-15minafterbirth.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值
20、是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Evaluation of the Newly Born InfantNewbornsmovingtheirextremitiessoonafterbirthdonotrequireanyassistance.However,if these responses are absent or weak,stimulation by rubbing the back with a dry soft towel
21、 should suffice.Other methods such as slapping,foot flicking,shaking,spanking,orholdingthebabyupsidedownarepotentiallydangerousandshouldnotbe used.If the infant does not respond promptly,PPV should bestarted.An infant with good tone is unlikely to be severely compromised,whereasafloppyinfantislikely
22、toneedactiveresuscitation.However,as indicated above,special attention should be paid especially veryprematureinfantsforwhomahypotonicstateisphysiologic.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值ResuscitationSuctioning.
23、Positive-pressureventilation.Terminfantwithperinatalasphyxia.Preterminfantwithperinatalasphyxia.Cardiacresuscitation.Drugsusedinresuscitation.Medicationscommonlyusedinneonatalresuscitation.Temperatureregulation.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值
24、的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-SuctioningOropharyngealandnasalsecretionsshouldbepartiallyremovedwithabriefperiodofsuctioningusingeitherabulbsyringeorasuctioncatheterifthere are signs of airway obstruction or before initiation of positive-pressureventilation.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价
25、值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-Positive-pressure ventilation(PPV)Mostinfantscanbeadequatelyventilatedwithabagandmaskprovidedthatthemaskisthecorrectsizewithaclosesealaroundthemouthandnose,and there is an appropriate flow
26、 of gas to the bag.A T-pieceresuscitator is an alternative method to provide positive-pressureventilation that controls peak pressure and positive end-expiratorypressure(PEEP,呼 气 末 正 压),orcontinuouspositiveairwaypressure(CPAP,持续气道正压通气).Respiratory rate should be 40-60breaths/min,or30breaths/minifacc
27、ompanyingchestcompressions.Peakpressuresof20-25cmH2Oareusuallysufficient.a bag and mask资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-Term infant with perinatal asphyxiaInitiallyallinfantswithoutmeconium-staine
28、damnioticfluidshouldbedriedandhavetheiroropharynxsuctioned.Aterminfantwithaheartrateof100beats/minornospontaneousrespiratoryactivityrequiresintubationandpositivepressureventilation.Methodofendotrachealintubationinneonatalresuscitation资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时
29、间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-Preterm infant with perinatal asphyxiaPreterm infants weighing 1200 g often require immediate lungexpansion in the delivery room.Mask continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP),administeredwithaT-pieceresuscitatororaflow-inflating
30、bag-and-mask system,providing a pressure of 4-6 cm water,may besufficienttoexpandthelungsofapreterminfantandimproveventilation.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-Cardiac resuscitationDuring delivery
31、 room resuscitation,efforts should be directedfirsttoassistingventilationandprovidingsupplementaloxygen.Asluggishheartrateusuallyrespondstotheseefforts.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-Drugs used
32、in resuscitationTheTextbookofNeonatalResuscitation,6thed,recommendsgivingmedications if the heart rate remains 60 beats/min despite adequateventilationandchestcompressionforaminimumof30seconds.RouteofadministrationTheumbilicalvein(脐静脉).TheendotrachealtubeAlternateroutes:peripheralprf()r()lvenous,int
33、raosseous(骨内).资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-MedicationsMedicationscommonlyusedinneonatalresuscitationEpinephrine,epnefrn肾上腺素Volumeexpanders扩容剂Naloxonenlksn纳洛酮Sodiumbicarbonatebakrbnt碳酸氢钠Atropin
34、etrpin阿托品andcalciumOthersupportivemeasures资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation-Temperature regulationAlthough some degree of cooling in a newborn infant is desirablebecauseitprovidesanormalstimulustor
35、espiratoryeffort,excessivecoolingincreasesoxygenconsumptionandexacerbatesacidosis.Thisis a problem especially for preterm infants,who have thin skin,decreasedstoresofbodyfat,andincreasedbodysurfacearea.Heatlossmaybepreventedbythefollowingmeasures.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间
36、时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值AmericanAcademyofPediatricsNeonatalResuscitationProgramalgorithm.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation Program algorithmThosenewlyb
37、orninfantswhodonotrequireresuscitationcangenerallybeidentifiedbyarapidassessmentofthefollowing3characteristics:Termgestation?Cryingorbreathing?Goodmuscletone?Iftheanswertoall3ofthesequestionsis“yes,”thebabydoesnotneedresuscitationandshouldnotbeseparatedfromthemother.Thebabyshouldbedried,placedskin-t
38、o-skinwiththemother,andcoveredwithdrylinentomaintaintemperature.Observationofbreathing,activity,andcolorshouldbeongoing.资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation Program algorithmIf the answer to any of th
39、ese assessment questions is“no,”the infantshould receive one or more of the following 4 categories of action insequence:Initialstepsinstabilization(providewarmth,clearairwayifnecessary,dry,stimulate)Ventilation(HRbelow100,gasping,orapnea)(abagandmask,aT-pieceresuscitatororaflow-inflatingbag-and-mask
40、)Chest compressions with intubation and positive pressureventilation(HRbelow60afterPPVfor30seconds)Administrationofepinephrineand/orvolumeexpansion资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Resuscitation Program algorith
41、mVentilation(HRbelow100,gasping,orapnea)(a bag and mask,a T-pieceresuscitator or a flow-inflating bag-and-mask)Chest compressions with intubation andpositivepressureventilation(HRbelow60afterPPVfor30seconds)Administrationofepinephrineand/orvolumeexpansion资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的
42、,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值Self Assessment1.Whatisthepathophysiologyofneonatalasphyxia?2.WhatissignoftheApgarscoreA.heartrateB.respiratoryeffortC.muscletoneD.reflexirritabilityE.color3.Whatarethekeyprogramsofneonatalresuscitation?资资金是运金是运动动的价的价值值,资资
43、金的价金的价值值是随是随时间变时间变化而化而变变化的,是化的,是时间时间的函数,随的函数,随时间时间的推移而增的推移而增值值,其增,其增值值的的这这部分部分资资金就是原有金就是原有资资金的金的时间时间价价值值非营养性喂养定义为最小喂养量(非营养性喂养定义为最小喂养量(10-15ml/kg/d10-15ml/kg/d)。建议生后)。建议生后2424小时内开始小时内开始非营养性喂养,超早产儿、超低出生体重儿及生长发育受限早产儿可适当谨慎处非营养性喂养,超早产儿、超低出生体重儿及生长发育受限早产儿可适当谨慎处理。若生后理。若生后24-4824-48小时仍无母乳或捐赠母乳,可考虑代乳品喂养。尚无足够证据对小时仍无母乳或捐赠母乳,可考虑代乳品喂养。尚无足够证据对营养性喂养前的非营养性喂养持续时间做出建议。营养性喂养前的非营养性喂养持续时间做出建议。谢谢聆听