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1、abide, adhere, conform, complyabide v.后接by表示“遵守,同意”。I will abide by the director decision.遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere 一词的其它意思如“整持;粕附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守,符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by thei
2、r govern merits.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守,服从”,用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我 fl公司遵守政府有关加税的现定。abnomnal, uncommon, disorderedabnormal a.不正常的,反常的(但并非罕见),指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point re aching
3、 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常,最高的时候这到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常,但生活中也时有发生。)uncommon a.见的,不平常的,指很少经历或很少见到的状况;特刖的,出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.在英国非常罕见。That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!加速溶啡质量上乘,味道好极了!disordered a.混乱的,杂乱的;(精神或身体)有病的。We couldnt understand her disordered presenta
4、tion.我 ID 听不明白妫条理不清的陈述。abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish 这一组动词都有“取消,除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除;完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancelv.对谓先安排的某种活动(如施行、计划、会议等)的取消;K去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v
5、.指消除、淘汰巳经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被沟汰了,不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出M中毒素。disposes处理,处置;表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。 erasev.除去,擦掉,指有意识地除去字迩、声音等。I
6、erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往班带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v.排斥;井除,不包括在内,与include互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from enterin 。.衣冠不整者不得进入送餐馆。extinguishv.熄灭,扑灭(火”便沉默,使喑液。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。abstract, digest,
7、outline, summary这一组名词都有“要点,我要”的意思。abstractn.柢要,搏要,尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的柢要。digest n.(篇幅较长的)搏要,文皆,它是对原文的浓堀而不是对原文的简单解薜,浓缩后仍保持原文的II序、重点和风格。Readers Digest读者文静outline n.要点,大纲,柢要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她出自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summar
8、y n.总结,播要,指用寥寥数诏柢括文章或者讲话的要点,不考虑原文的风格。absurd, ridiculous, silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢,可笑”的意思。absurda.荒谬的,可笑的,指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合退辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因为最味无知而令人发笑并成为笑桶,含有随视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture o
9、nly by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的钱食来评价送国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。sillya.愚蠢的,傻的,指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy 傻小子abundant, plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。abundant a.(数量)充足的,常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等,含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充札plentiful a.丰富的,充足的,常用于食物、收获、财产等,不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at t
10、his moment.现在鸡蛋很多。accent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近,容易混淆。accentn.口音,指某一地区语言的发音特征;重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他拼英培帝有西班牙口音。tonen.谙气,音调,指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的债调和他的曼儿说话。dialect n.JiW,土语,地方话,指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect 为克那方言 the Sichuan dialect 四川方
11、言 access, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近,进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入流泳池。assessv.评估(财产,价值)。I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。accommodate, afford, furnish这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。accommodatev.提供住宿、房
12、间;适应,迎合,江就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾任宿。The company accommodated the customers wish and sent the delivery o vernight.公司满足了国客的愿望,连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担,支付;当“提供”讲时,多用于指抽象事物的提供。We cant afford that expensive sports car.一买不起那犒昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view o
13、f the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinkin g that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我fl的思想提供了各种知识,然而只有思考才能将我力读到的内容变成自己的东西。accomplishment, attainment, achievement这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。accomplishment n.J ft,成就;才艺,修养。Climbing
14、that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说,臬上了那座山就是成身。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainmentn.指学识和造诣(常用作复数);达到,到达。a scholar of the highest attainments 造诣极高的学者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具体的“成绩”,与 accomplishment 是同义词。accuse, charge两个动
15、词都有“控诉,指控”之意,但它10后面所搭配的介词不同。accuses指控,控诉,与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有塔窃罪。charges可以指因为小错而受的责备,也指因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.1察指控他犯了谋杀罪。 acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure这一组动词都有,获得,取怦的意思,在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它11之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能,知队习惯
16、等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词瞿调一经兼得就会长期持有”的含义It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of r eacting t。stations.正是通过学习,个人才得以我得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attainv.指经过不辑的努力获得未曾覆料到的结果;也可指达到某一目标。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得,买到,用于正式培优中。He obtained the p
17、roperty with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上秣而得利加。earnv.再得,羸得,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱?achieves得到,获得,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个第星取得了成功和财富。se
18、curev.Wg;出拿到手,含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意;使安全,保卫;作形容词比较常见,意力安全的A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前领好了办公室的门窗。acute, critical, crucial, urgent这一组形容词都有“严重的,重要的意思。acute a.剧然的,严重的;急性的(病)。An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi pe
19、ople.食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍机挨饿。critical a.意为关铤的,表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相依。与crucial的区刖在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准碗的衡量;还指批判性的,分析性的。It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好保必须用弱学习,则你会不及格的。crucial a意为“决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的二最为簧统,适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economi
20、c recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。uqenta.意为紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的,它不弱调所指的问题是最重要的,仅曾调喋急的,状态。We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.我 fl急需要帮助,我fl的水就快要用为了。adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary 这九个动词都含有调整、改变”的意思。adjusts一股指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。I adjusted the air co
21、nditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持原更。regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,便之准确工作或运行;多含有控抑之意。Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify”纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)。He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。amends(正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。The politicians amended th
22、e law to provide more jobs.政治家力修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信ffll尤其是宗教信优Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。Hes converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alterv.便事物在外观、性质、用法等方面稍作政变。The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁绝修改了
23、瓶的裤族因为它太紧了。modifyv.改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气,脾气暴黑;用友ID告诉他要改变自己的举止。transform深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。varyv用调没有一定规同、陆续的变化或差异。
24、Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。admit, confess, concede这几个动词都有喙认”的意思。admitv.指由于说服、再三追问而“承认某一事实或过借。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。confess v.供认(罪行、过错等),含有坦白、招认的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。concede v.指曾想隐隋或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据碗苗而不得不勉强承认,还可以指,以退为进”的承认。The
25、 man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he h ad donMt.il成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。 affiliate, link, attach, append这一组动词都有,时ur的意思。affiliatev.lA,成为一部分。an affiliated middle school 一所附属中学linkv.将人或物连接起来。The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一的上。I att
26、ached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条刖在报告的后面。append v.ig H,附力11(与attach的意思比较接近)。The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim这一组动词都有节称”的意思。affirmv.坚信不贤地肯定或宣称,是deny的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.flb 发誓爱她。assertv.指不
27、管事实如何,主观自信地宣称,或者清楚有力地型持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent .妫宣称自己是无辜的。alleoev.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌舅犯声称案发时他不在现场。claimv.要求,声称,断言。多指根据某种现定提出的要求或主张。They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there w
28、ould b e fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他 fl生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话,闹市区的汽车就会有所浦少。announce v.宣布,宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度,常常带有慎告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。proclaim v.宣布;宣告(成立)。指经过深思热虑后向大众宣布一个明碗的决定或判断,尤其指重大事件的宣布,多用于官方场合。T
29、he president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当柩争来脸的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有加强”的意思。agoravatev.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化。I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。reinforce v.增报,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(以添加材料等)加固。A poli
30、ce officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个面麟抢劫银行,用无须电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。The number of people has been increased.A 数增加了。strengthen v.加里,巩固,埴瞿,相当于 to become stronger0Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锄炼可以提高心 UE 的功能。Competition, they believe, stre
31、ngthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人力认为竞争加曾了民族性而不是破坏了它。intensify v.使变得更僵烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于 to become more intense or intensiveointensify colors 加深色彩 intensify hatred 加深仇恨alert, cautious, considerate这一组形容词都表示小心的,遒慎的“。alerta.警惕的,留神的。The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests1 dri
32、nking need.女主人一直站在旁边,时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的,谨慎的。He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的,体贴的。He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很休谏他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。alive, live, living, lively这一组形容词都那活有关。alivea.活着的,有活力的,常作表语,作定语时必须后置。After the acc
33、ident, he was barely alive.交 ii A 故后,他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人livea.活的,有活力的,现场直播的,We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。livi叩a.活着的,作定语可前可后,可修饰人也可修饰物。Who is the worlds greatest living artist? it 是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家?living room 起居室Hvelya.活泼的,朝朝如生的。She is a lively young girl,
34、always laughing and doing things.总是个活板可爱的小姑娘,总是欢声笑语忙个不停。alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline这一组动词都有审少,减轻”的意思。alleviates在痛苦方面的减轻,覆和The painkiller alleviated the pain.it 疼药覆覆了疼痛。diminishv.指因为不断消耗,在数量方面覆慢清少,也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应浦少了。reduce v
35、.指人为地便某物在数量或重量方面的皆少或降低。He reduced the amount of money they could spend, fl!% M T 他们的开销。decreases指数量上的浦少;力量或者强度的营困。The population decreased a lot last year.去年大口数量急剧下降。declinev.(数目、价格、比率)下降;身弟,猊言推辞;衰退,衰落。Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation
36、 to dinner.他妮拒了靠 fl请他吃饭的遨o allocate, separate, detach, divide这一组动词都有“分开”的意思。allocatev.分配,先拔给。The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this y ears budget.市政府在今年的慎算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。separatev.大力地分开,使隔离开。We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我力出沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。detachv.拆开组合的
37、物体;远离,疏远。We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我力需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。divides指将整体分为若干个部分。The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim这一组形容词都有模糊的意思。ambi叫ousa.意义含糊的,有段义的,指因字、词、句有段义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把提。His ambiguous directions
38、confused us; we did not know which of the two roadst。take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我ff不知道该走哪条路了。obscure a.用于表这因光线不足而使人看不清楚。应词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模极两可而使大看不懂和无法理解。The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉庞德的诗有时候难以理解,因为诗歌中含有许多令大费解的典故。
39、va叫ea.含混的,不清楚的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逆辑关系不清、言辞兼统而导致的意义不清楚,选词也可表示轮解形状的不清楚和模糊。He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大柢知道他要做什么,但没有具体的计划。uncleara.指句意、字迩不清楚,使人难以看懂;不肯定的。Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模例的字法使人难以辨 UoIt is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。di
40、ma.光缆暗淡的,看不清的;记忆力模刷的;不大可能的。Dont work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺薨。amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expandamplifyv.扩大,增加,尤其指通过埴疆电压或电流使声音扩大;补充叙述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我 ID 得埴保对你的说法作进一步的说明。enlargev.r*,多指具体物品如
41、相片的放大。enlarge photograph 放大照片 enlarge a house 扩建房屋stretch v.(有弹性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超过限度;伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并编紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times,这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desk s, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后,取员fl
42、站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。magnifyv.放大,指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。reinforcev.i|S,加固。expands指范围、体积的扩大、增大,也可以指内容或细节的充实。The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是威胀,然后就爆破 Toanger, fury, indignation, resentment这一组名词都有愤怒、生气的意思。angern.气愤,生气,是一般用谙。After their argument,
43、 he expressed his anger by punching the other man i n the face争刊之后,他一拳打在那个大的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤,尤其指出于道义上的激愤。general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares 公共汽车票价突然若增激起的公愤resentment n.愤恨,怨根,不满,是正式用语,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤辑。There was a feeling of resentment in th
44、e office after everyones pay was I owered.大家的工资降低后,办公室里旗声载道。apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct这一组形容词都有湖显的-之意。即parent a.明显的,显而易见的,尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴,显然他现在想走了。evident a.明白的,明显的,与即parent基本同意,多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。It is evident th
45、at he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime see ne.显然他是有罪的,在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。manifest a.清楚的,明显的,多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义,常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众,但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的,显而易见的,含有无可解白,不需证明之意。It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然,那个好女酒喝的太多
46、了。distinct a.清楚的,明显的;不同札独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。applaud, clap, commend, praiseapplaudv.f,赞挑指因精湛表演或某种行为得到刖人的赞许,大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作,对我的努力表示赞许。clap v.拍打,其用法是 clap ones hand=applaud,不能说 a
47、pplaud ones handsoclap sb.为某大鼓掌,cl即sth.拍打某物commend v.为正式用词,用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖,通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生力的考试成绩优异。praisev.为一般用词,用于对某人的优秀品质表示铁道羡慕;赞镇,赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管林费这位员工的工作做得不借。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.厘机事件的幸存者赞烦上帝使他ff得救。area, district, region, vicinity, zone这一组名词都有“区域”的意思。arean.泛指面积较大的地区;面积;专业械城。The New York area has high rents.纽到地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区 region n.行政区划上更大的地区,如咱治区;身体部