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1、小学英语语法一、字母(1) 字母：（大小写）辨认、书写顺序 ：Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz.(2)元音字母：A a ，Ee，Ii，Oo，Uu字母音素表：Aa Hh Jj Kk Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv Ii YyOo Uu Qq Ww Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz Rr(3)书写容易错误字母：E ，F ，G，M，N，d，i，p，q，x，y.(4)字母代表专有名词：BBC，NBA，UN，UK，ABC，USA，am，pm，kg，cm，等。二
2、、名词可数名词：表达可以具体个别存在人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则：1普通状况下，直接加-s，如：book-books，bag-bags，cat-cats，bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses，box-boxes，brush-brushes，watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：family-families，strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es，如：knife-knives5不规则名词复数：man-m
3、en，woman-women，policeman-policemen，policewoman-policewomen，mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet， tooth-teethfish-fish，people-people，sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese不可数名词：表达不能个别存在事物，如液体类，气体类物质；少数固体类物质 （grass草，ice冰），抽象名词（help协助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。写出下列各词复数 photo _ diary
4、 _ day_ dress _thief _ yo-yo _ peach_juice_water _rice_tea _ man_ woman_banana _bus_ child _ foot _sheep _ leaf(树叶) _dish _ knife_pen_ boy_ baby_ map _ city _ box _ book _ class _ eye _ office _ car_ fox(狐狸) _ watch _ library _ pear _ skirt _ shelf _ cinema _ tomato _ tooth _ wife_ Englishman_ paper
5、 _ milk_ Frenchman _ postman _ family _ mouse _ people (人们) _ fish _ brush _ mango _ Japanese _ sandwich _ policeman_ watermelon_ Chinese_ strawberry _ match _ glass _ 三、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格区别：主格普通位于句中第一种动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格普通位于动词或介词之后。2、物主代词形容词性与名词性区别：形容词性用时背面普通要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，背面不带名词。人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容
6、词性名词性我Ime我mymine你，你们youyou你，你们youryours她hehim她hishis她sheher她herhers它itit它itsits咱们weus咱们ourours她（她，它）们theythem她（她，它）们theirtheirs一.填写代词表Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二.用所给词恰当形式填空 1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small，but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch
7、?(you) No，its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look！Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _?( you )6. Here are many dolls，which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy，but wheres _?( you )8. Show _ your kite，OK?(they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is M
8、imi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets?No，_ are not _. _ arent here. ( they )11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom?That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job?_ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _?I cant find _. Lets call
9、 _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat，_ a tiger！16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside _?( y
10、ou )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )三、选出括号中对的词，在对的词上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name?5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She /
11、Her）is my sister.9. Fine ，thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）四、单项选取。( ) 1. My uncle gave a new bike to _. A. theirs B. they C. me D. I( ) 2. This is a photo of _family. May I have one of _?A. yours；my B. my；yours C. your；my D. yours；mine( ) 3. Heres a postcard for you，Jim！ Oh，_is from Mary
12、. A. he B. it C. she D. its( ) 4. They asked _some questions _ English.A. me；about B. I；about C. I；with D. me；with( ) 5. Help_ answer the questions.A. I B. my C. me D. mine( ) 6. These are my books. Where are _?A. their B. theirs C. my D. your五、改错 1. Mine wallet is on the bed. 2. This isnt Mikes wat
13、ch ，its her. 3. Is this your teapot?No，its theirs teapot. 4. Whose comb is it?Its our. 六、用恰当物主代词填空 1. This is _(my)book. _(your)is in the bag. 2. The classroom is (our) . 3. Are these watches _(her)?No. _(her)watches are at home. 4. They arent _(his)teapots. They are _(their). 5. The big mirror is (
14、his) . 6. That is not _(my) comb.Its _(her). 7. Is this calculator _(your)?8. This hairdryer isnt my sisters.Its _(my). 七、依照中文提醒，用代词恰当形式填空。 1、 There is a new dress for _ (她)sister. 2、 This is _ (我 ) wallet. _ ( 我) is red. 3、_( 谁) calculators are these?_(她们) are _ (咱们). 4、Give _（她 ） a toy，please. 5、_
15、(你们) eyes are black. _ （你们） come from Japan.6、Tim and Bill are twins. _ （她们）are from England. Show _ （她们）around _ (咱们)school. 7、Give the book to _(我 ). 8、These books are _(她)._( 她) books are new.四、名词所有格：1、 名词所有格表达所属关系,相称于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表达人或其他有生命东西名词常在词尾加s。如：Childerns Day(小朋友节)，my sister
16、s book(我姐姐书)(2)以s或es结尾复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表达时间、距离以及世界、国家、城乡等无生命名词,也可在词尾加s. 如：todays newspaper(今天报纸)，ten minutes break(十分钟课间休息),Chinas population(中华人民共和国人口).(4)无论表达有生命还是无生命东西名词,普通均可用介词of短语来表达所关于系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党好女儿).2、注解： s还可以表达某人家或者某个店铺,如：my aunts(我阿姨家)，the doctors(诊所
17、) 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我爸爸一位朋友)，a friend of mine(我一位朋友)短语翻译：1. 我爷爷_ 2. 2.杰姆房间_ 3. 我奶奶钱包_ 4. 4.那些学生书_ 5.这些工人外套_ 6.那些小孩父母_ 7.那些男人帽子_ 8.那间教室窗户_ 9.海伦同窗_ 10.这些男孩床_ 11.汤姆姑父_ 12.我兄弟钢笔_ 13.那些教师书桌_ 14.这些医生杯子_ 15.那些女孩座
18、位_ 16.那些女人自行车_ 17.那些警察裤子_ 18.那个书包颜色_五、缩略形式写出下列词完全形式 cant_ Id_ arent_ theyre _lets_ wasnt_ thats_ dont _whens_ didnt_ youre_ doesnt _hes_ shes_ Im_ isnt _Ive_ shouldnt_ Ill_ whos _六、冠词1、冠词分类及读法： 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词前面,用来限定名词意义,起泛指或特指作用。定冠词the读法：单独念时读Ti:,在句子中常发Ti (元音之前)或者T(辅音之前)； 不定冠词a/an读法：单独念时读 ei
19、 /An ；在句子中常发 /n。 2、不定冠词a / an用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词前面,a用在辅音开头词前面；an用在元音开头词前面。不定冠词基本用法：(1) 表达某一种人或东西,但不具体阐明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2) 表达某类人或事物,以区别于其她种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强健多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一种人强健。)(2) 表达某类人或事物中任何一种。如：He is a teacher of English.(她是英
20、语教师。)(4) 表达“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)(5) 几种用不定冠词习语：a bit(一点)，a little(一点)，a few(几种)，a lot (许多)，a kind of(一种)，a pair of(一副、一双)，a number of(大量)，a piece of (一张、一片)，half an hour(半小时)，have a good time(玩得开心)，have a cold(感冒)，make a noise(发出嘈杂声)，have/t
21、ake a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。3、定冠词the用法：定冠词the用在可数名词单数或复数或不可数名词前面。定冠词基本用法：(1) 表达特指人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿着一朵花男人是杰克)(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3) 复述前面提到过人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人， 那个人叫罗伯特。)(4) 表达世界上独一无
22、二事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5) 用在表达方位名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)(6) 在序数词和形容词最高档前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一种去？) / Of all the stars，the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有恒星之中太阳离地球近来)(7) 惯用在乐器名称前面。如：He began to play t
23、he violin at the age of 5.(五岁时她开始拉小提琴)(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我历来没有去过喜马拉雅山)(9) 用在具有普通名词专有名词前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(她来自美利坚合众国)(10)用在姓氏之前表达一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11)same之前普通用the。如：Lucy and Lily
24、 look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得同样)(12)几种用定冠词习语：at the same time (与此同步),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(始终),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 4、某些不用冠词状况：(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)某些不可数名词时前面普通不用。如：China is a very large country.(中华人民共和国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有批示、物主或不定代词作定语时
25、不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我钢笔比你昂贵多了)(3) 周名,月名或季节名前普通不用。如：He was born on Monday，February 18,1995.(她出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天她们普通在山上植树)(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表达人或事物类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪颖)(5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast a
26、t home and lunch at school.(咱们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6) 节、假日前普通不用。如：On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在小朋友节,这些男孩经常得到父母礼物)(7) 球类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)(8) 都市重要/重要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at Peoples Cinema.(她们此刻在人民电影院) (9) 某些习惯用语中不用。如
27、： at / to / from / out of / after / for school； in / to / for / after class；in / to / out of / into bed； after / at/ from / out of / to work； at / to sea； in / from / down / to town； at / from home； at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper； at night/noon/midnight； on foot； go to school/bed； on top of； i
28、n front of； on show/display/duty/watch； in / out of hospital； at all； on/in time； at first/last/once； in Chinese/English,etc.； take care of 七、普通当前时普通当前时基本用法简介 普通当前时功能：1.表达事物或人物特性、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色。2.表达经常性或习惯性动作。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。3.表达客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕
29、着太阳转。普通当前时构成：1. be动词：主语+be(am，is，are)+其他。如：I am a boy.我是一种男孩。注意：（我用am，你用are，三单is，复数are。） 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其他)。如：We study English.咱们学习英语。注意：（当主语为第三人称单数(he，she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。）普通当前时变化：1. be动词变化。 必然句：主语+be+其他。 如：He is a worker. 她是工人。否认句：主语+ be + not +其他。 He is not a worker
30、.她不是工人。普通疑问句：Be +主语+其他。(be动词移到句首)如：I am a student.-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No，Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+普通疑问句。如：My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree? Where is your bike?2.行为动词变化。必然句：主语+动词原形(+其他)。否认句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其他)。如：I like bread. I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn
31、t构成否认句。如：He ofter plays football.He doesnt often play football.普通疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其他。（句首加助动词do，does）如：I often play football. - Do you often play football? - Yes，I do. / No，I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成普通疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike. - Does she go to school by bike? - Yes，she does. / No，she
32、doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+普通疑问句。如：She goes to school by bike.Does she go to school by bike? How does she go to school?动词+s变化规则1普通状况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks，milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses，wash-washes，watch-watches，go-goes3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加-es，如：study-studies普通当前时用法专练:一、写出下列动词第三人称单数 drink _ g
33、o _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_do_ teach_二、用am，is，are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No，I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom?6. Where _ your mother? She
34、_ at home. 7. How _ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this?10. Whose socks _ they?11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I?13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ fo
35、r Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao Shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England?24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites i
36、n the classroom?27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle?28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There _ a boy，two girls，three men and ten women in the park. 30. You，he and I _ from China.三、用括号内动词恰当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. David and Tom _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on
37、 Monday.4. Mike _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _