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1、上海市上海市 20232023 年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学年教师资格之中学英语学科知识与教学能力能力测试试卷能力能力测试试卷 B B 卷附答案卷附答案单选题（共单选题（共 5050 题）题）1、In English teaching,teachers should NOT pay attentionto_.A.providing independent learning and communicating opportunities forstudentsB.correcting students mistakes and errors in the process of learni
2、ngimmediatelyC.encouraging students to discuss,cooperate,experience,practice,and explore the way to master EnglishD.cultivating students interest【答案】B2、Passage 2A.Should whales be hunted or watched?B.Should commercial whaling be banned?C.Are whales safer in research institutions?D.Are whales to blam
3、e for fishermens loss?【答案】A3、The wordoffend originally meantto strike against,but now theword signifies to create or excite anger.This is an exampleof_.A.meaning shiftB.broadening of meaningC.narrowing of meaningD.loss of meaning【答案】B4、请阅读 Passage 2，完成小题。A.Babies are unable to do vocal imitationB.Ba
4、bies cries could be their early language acquisitionC.Babies start speech acquisition months after their birthD.A crying baby is a crying baby no matter what the culture is【答案】B5、When asking students to quickly run their eyes over a whole textto get the gist,we aretraining their skill of_.A.scanning
5、B.mappingC.predictingD.skimming【答案】D6、In the Communicative classrooms,the teacher might be a“_”-engaging in communicative activities along with students.A.co-communicatorB.co-instructorC.co-learnerD.co-performer【答案】A7、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.the television stationsB.the societyC.TV programsD.their parents【答案】D
6、8、There are two small rooms in the beach house,_serves as akitchen.A.the smaller of whichB.a smaller of whichC.the smaller of themD.smaller of that【答案】A9、There are two factors which determine an individualsintelligence The first is the sort of brain he is born with Humanbrains differ considerably,so
7、me being more capable than others Butno matter how good a brain he has to begin with,an individual willhave a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities tolearn So the second factor is what happens to the individual-thesort of environment in which he is brought up If an individual ishandi
8、capped environmentally,it is likely that his brain will fail todevelop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of whichhe is capableA.85B.100C.110D.125【答案】B10、请阅读 Passage 2。完成第小题。A.photographs taken by Western explorers reflect moreWesternersperception of the indigenous cultures and the W
9、esternvaluesB.there is a complicated relationship between the Western explorersand the primitive peoplesC.popular magazines such as National Geographic should show picturesof the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high salesD.anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromisi
10、ng the truthfulness of their pietures【答案】A11、Passage 2A.waterB.carbon dioxideC.carbon monoxideD.oxygen【答案】B12、Of the following sound combinations,only is permissibleaccording to theA./kibl/B./bkil/C./ilkb/D./ilbk/【答案】A13、Classroom language can also be called in-class language,which isthe specially u
11、sed language system by both teachers and students inclassroom teaching.Which of the following is not consisted in it?A.Spoken languageB.Body languageC.Spelling languageD.Written language【答案】C14、_answers such questions as how we as infants acquire ourfirst language.A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologica
12、l linguisticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Applied linguistics【答案】A15、When a teacher organizes group work,which of the following mightbe of the least con-cemA.Increasing peer interactionB.Increasing individual practiceC.Developing language accuracyD.Providing variety and dynamics【答案】C16、The similarity between
13、 the English consonants/p/,/b/,and/m/isthat they are all（?）.A.fricativeB.plosiveC.labial-dentalD.bilabial【答案】D17、The island measures about 30 miles_ 20 milesA.byB.withC.toD.upon【答案】A18、Excellent novels are those which _ national and culturalbarriers.A.transcendB.traverseC.suppressD.surpass【答案】A19、We
14、 hope to become more_in predicting earthquake.A.absoluteB.steadyC.idealD.accurate【答案】D20、The consonant f in English can be correctly described as havingthe following phonetic features:_.A.voiceless,bilabial,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,fricativeC.voiced,bilabial,stopD.voiced,labiodental,fricative【答案】
15、B21、请阅读 Passage l。完成第小题。A.It is impossible for them to get college educationB.They cannot afford to study in Montgomery CollegeC.They must pay more tuition than their peers to get high schooldiplomasD.They must pay more tuition than their peers at the states publiccolleges【答案】D22、He is helpless unde
16、r such circumstances,_.A.however brilliant a mind he may haveB.however a brilliant mind he may haveC.however brilliant a mind may he haveD.However a brilliant mind may he have【答案】A23、Not a single word _when he was forced to leave home andjoin the army in 1937.A.did Mark leaveB.left MarkC.did leave M
17、arkD.Mark left【答案】A24、With spring approaching,the pink of the apple-blossom isbeginning to _.A.showB.growC.riseD.ascend【答案】A25、Passage 2A.Exceptional children refer to those with mental or physicalproblemsB.The author useAll men are created equal to counter the schoolprogram for theexceptional child
18、renC.Recent court decisions confirm the rights of the exceptionalchildren to enjoy the equal rights to learn with the normal onesD.Regular school programs fail to meet the requirements to developthe potential of exceptional children【答案】D26、Passage 1A.ClearB.SafeC.StraightD.Difficult【答案】A27、Which of
19、the following is not a design feature of human language?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Diachronicity【答案】D28、Which of the following statements about meaningful practice ingrammar teaching is NOT true?A.Meaningful practice aims at form accuracyB.Meaningful practice focuses on the production a
20、nd comprehension ofmeaningC.There is no clear cut between mechanical and meaningful practiceD.Practice based on prompts is usually considered as meaningfulpractice【答案】A29、请阅读 Passage 1，完成小题。A.High-quality arts criticism is rarely foundB.Arts reviews are often copied from other publicationsC.*D.Arts
21、criticism has disappeared since the start of the 20th century【答案】A30、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.to give an example of cold-water salinityB.to point out the location of deep watersC.to make a comparison between hot-water salinity and cold-watersalinityD.to show that the water in the Weddell Sea varies in salinity
22、fromplace to place【答案】A31、Passage 1A.SignalGuru can detect the status of traffic lights with accuracyB.Traffic lights in Cambridge work better than those in SingaporeC.Drivers in Singapore follow traffic rules better than those inCambridgeD.Traffic lights in Cambridge are more adaptive in off-peak h
23、our【答案】A32、Passage 1A.They avoided writing those too exotic for readersB.They revised their works as required by pressC.They translated their works into EnglishD.They read their books in public places【答案】D33、Which of the following underlined parts is different inpronunciation from others?A.termB.ser
24、veC.veryD.stern【答案】C34、Passage 2A.SupportiveB.CriticalC.NeutralD.Desired【答案】B35、Passage 1A.Satire on an extravagant lifestyleB.Challenge to a high-fashion mythC.Criticism of the fast-fashion industryD.Exposure of a mass-market secret【答案】C36、Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and
25、theysell their vegetables_ the black market.A.onB.atC.inD.for【答案】A37、请阅读短文。A.The author believes that a born naturalist can not be a scientistB.The author read a lot of books about the natural world and oilindustryC.The authors brothers and sisters were good at music and languagesD.The author spend
26、a lot of time working on fiddles【答案】C38、请阅读短文，完成此题。A.Modern city novelsB.Historical romancesC.Science fictionD.War stories【答案】C39、How many consonant clusters exist in the sentence The story wassplashed across the frontpage of the newspaperA.2B.3C.4D.5【答案】D40、The stress of the following words are all
27、 on the first syllableexcept _.A.goldenB.designC.risingD.pattern【答案】B41、What is the teacher doing in terms of error correctionA.Helping students do self-correctionB.Indirect correctionC.Tolerating correctionD.Encouraging students to do peer correction【答案】B42、There is only one palatal consonant in En
28、glish；itis_A.wB.C.jD.h【答案】C43、Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there isa mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where peopleare similar in many ways.The simple reason for this is that thereare more different ways of looking at things present in the firstkind o
29、f society.There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs.In addition,there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance inmixed societies.All these factors tend to protnote social change byopening more areas of life to deci
30、sion.A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic andemotional aspects of societyB.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow downsocial changeC.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect ofsocietyD.Social change is less likely to occur in what peop
31、le learned whenthey were young【答案】B44、There are some speaking activities.Which of the following mainlyfocuses on the form andaccuracy?A.Controlled activitiesB.Semi-controlled activitiesC.Communicative activitiesD.Problem-solving activities【答案】A45、Passage 2A.waking up in time is essential to the ridd
32、ing of bad dreamsB.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under controlC.dreams should be left to their natural progressionD.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious【答案】D46、Morphemes that representtense,number,gender,caseand soforth?are called_morphemes.A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.deriv
33、ational【答案】A47、The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong responseto what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medicalschool to a student cheating in an examination.A.Extensive research has been done about this phenomenonB.We have sufficient data to prove that prevention i
34、s feasibleC.We are safe to conclude that this phenomenon exists on a grandscaleD.Reliable data about the extent,prevention and management of thephenomenon is lacking【答案】D48、Passage 1A.To discern the link between analytical thinking and insightsB.To discern connection between close attention and insi
35、ghtsC.To discern connection between close attention and imaginationD.To test people s capacity for close attention and abstractassociation【答案】B49、Passage 1A.The construction of bridges and tunnels became much more expensiveB.The original objective of dynamite was to help the Russian navyC.Many peopl
36、e used nitroglycerine as a weapon in warD.Alfred Nobel gave away prizes to specialists in six categories【答案】D50、Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience byitself.Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterpartsA.put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB.prevented the Pathans f
37、rom carrying on feudsC.lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD.gave the Pathans a much quieter life【答案】B大题（共大题（共 1010 题）题）一、范文对于英语写作主要有以下三方面的作用：(1)范文能够说明所用体裁的特点。文章都有一定的体裁，如故事、演讲、会话等。不同的交际目的产生不同的篇章形成不同的体裁在篇章结构和语法形式上产生一定的特色。对于中国学生而言，虽然他们很早就知道文章有记叙文、说明文等的分别虽然他们从一开始就学会了按“三段式”来组织文章(第一段是论点，第二段是主要内容，包括
38、论证的证据或故事的情节等，第三段是结论)，但范文的作用在他们的外语写作中仍然不可忽视。一方面，汉语的语篇模式和英语的语篇模式并不完全一致。一般而言，汉语的主题往往不直接点出，需要先有一个所谓的铺垫，而英语文章的主题往往直截了当地给出。另一方面具体的范文远比一些抽象的分类更具有操作意义上的指导作用(2)范文是说明英语语篇衔接手段如何使用的最好语境。连贯是篇章的主要特征，使用各种语篇衔接手段是建立语篇连贯的主要途径。熟悉这些英语的衔接手段能够大大减轻写作过程中的微计划(micro-planning)所带来的负担，加快语言生成的速度。微计划生成语言信息，明确如何分配主题、焦点或新信息等内容，与具体的
39、语言有关。英语中是否有现成的信息衔接手段显然会影响信息的分配和组织(3)范文能够开阔学生的思路。写什么是写作计划需要解决的问题也是学生感到非常苦恼的事情。扩大知识面是解决这个问题的主要途径。另外，要学会在动笔前积极思考，激活并调用大脑中已有的知识，养成良好的写作习惯和思维习惯。范文在教学中的使用步骤及每个步骤的教学目标：(1)利用范文进行谋篇布局。师生要能够在范文的结构和语言方面进行讨论，并弄清楚两个问题：这类文章结构和语言如何为文章的交际目的服务；还有哪些别的可能的结构和语言上的变化。只有这样学生才能最大限度地利用范文来指导写作而不受范文的限制才有可能避免全班学生千篇一律的现象、(2)利用范
40、文达到连贯的效果。该步骤的教学目标是使学习者在写作中避免出现连接语使用不够的现象造成文章的逻辑跳跃性很大理解起来比较困难。也有相当一部分学生主观上想尽量多用连接语，以加强句子之间的衔接但结果是连接语过分堆积，不仅不能增强语义方面的衔接力反而往往会增加冗余信息甚至造成语义上的逻辑混乱。这种现象也是写作教学应尽量避免的内容。【答案】(1)选词填空练习的目的：这类选词填空的练习可以帮助学生巩固词汇。词汇教学是英语教学的主要任务之一能否充分有效地进行词汇教学是学生能否顺利度过“高原期”进入更高一级从而自由得体地运用英语的关键所在。作为词汇教学的有机组成部分教材中的词汇练习无疑具有重要作用。考查学生对句
41、子结构的认知和在狭义语境中对词汇的微观了解，包括词汇的词性、解释和常用搭配。每个句子只是一个微型的语境因此很能锻炼学生利用较少信息处理问题的能力。考查学生根据语境中已知部分推知未知部分的能力。学习者可以根据语境信息大致推断出所填词的词义内容，进而从选项中选择与之对应的词语。(2)此类练习对语言学习和使用的意义：选词填空作为一种考查对词义的初步理解和运用的词汇练习形式能够较为有效地复习和巩固本课所学生词，从而为更高层次的输出性练习打下基础。在“词一句一段”三级训练单位中，“词”是前提，是实现句和段的必要条件。虽然英语教学的一大重点是培养学习者的成段表达能力，但基础性的词汇练习同样不可忽视。因为只
42、有在掌握词义、了解词语正确用法的基础上才能保证句子和语段的正确输出。该练习对于学生锻炼如何把握和利用语境有很大的作用。语境能够巩固词语搭配知识和训练词义推测能力，对学习者词汇习得是比较有效的。学生在理解语境的基础上推测所填词的词义内容，最后做出与目标语境相匹配的答案。在这个过程中，学生的理解能力和记忆力都会得到锻炼。有利于学生对词汇的正确运用。结合语境练习词汇就脱离了抽象记忆词汇所带来的不科学因素。如果脱离语境，即使学生将词汇的含义记忆下来，到真正使用的时候还是不知道应该怎么运用；如果学生在记忆单词的同时还能够关注单词的语境当出现类似用法的时候学生便可以运用自如了。二、根据题目要求完成下列任务
43、，用中文作答。下面是一位初中英语教师在语音教学中使用的练习。Teachersinstruction:Lookatthewordsontheblackboard.TickthewordyouhearineachsentenceIread.Teachersreads:1.Idontlikethesesports.2.Thesepotsareverydirty.3.Lookatthatwhitecordonthewater.4.Mr.Smithwasshort.Studentstickthewordstheyhear:AB1.spotssports2.potsports【答案】(1)该片段的教学目的
44、是锻炼学生的辨音能力。通过在语境中进行辨音练习，提高学生辨别D和:的发音的能力；开展语音教学，推进学生听、说、读、写各项技能的发展。(2)该教师采用了以下两种教学方法：使用最小对立体分析音差，进行辨音练习。在音位分析中，只涉及一个音素差别的对立体叫作最小对立体。该练习教师列出的四组词使用的都是最小对立体。采用有意义的语言练习活动。教师不是孤立地读出一个单词让学生选择正确的答案，而是在通过句子让学生理解句意的基础之上选择正确的发音。(3)该教学片段体现了语音教学的原则有：针对性原则。针对性原则指语音训练的重点应该放在有标记的语音特征之上。教师要针对学生的困难进行有针对性的指导。这个练习主要训练:
45、和D这一对长短音的区别，体现了这一原则。综合性原则。语音教学并不是孤立的发音教学，教师应该将音素、音标、单词、句子及语义、语用等各个层面结合起来，把语音教学融入有意义、有情景的语言练习和任务性的语言训练中去，将语音同口语、交际、互动等围绕意思展开的语言活动结合起来，应注意语义与语境、语调与语流相结合。该教学片段中，教师把语音和单词、句子结合起来，体现了这一原则。(4)能恰当体现语音教学原则的其他三种方法有：找出一组词中读音不相同的词。教师连续读几个词，有一个词的发音与其他词不同，请学生挑出发音不同的一个。该练习适用于音素教学和练习，体现了语音教学的针对性原则，如 bybuybyebay(第四个
46、不同)。对比学习。把相近发音的一组元音或辅音放在一起，让学生先听，然后对比学习，体现了语音教学的准确性原则，例如s和，i和i：等。绕口令。绕口令可以调节气氛，可以练习熟练程度，使学生在理解语句、语篇意义的基础上，在轻松愉快的气氛中，感受英语语音的节奏美体现了语音教学的趣味性原则。三、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。简述 scanning 的含义并举一例说明其基本用途。写出训练该项技能时的三条注意事项，?并用英语写出两句相关的教师指令语。【答案】(1)scanning 的含义：scanning 译为“找读，扫读，寻读，查读”，是一种快速阅读方式，其目的是从较长的文字资料中查寻特定的细节内容
47、。寻读要求即快又准，要在短时间内准确地找到目标。基本用途：例如：在教学“NelsonMandelaAModemHero”一课时，可以通过设置寻读活动“Askstudentstoscanthepassagein5minutesandcompletethechan-ATimelineofEliasLife”让学生在 5 分钟内扫读文章，然后根据时间顺序填写表格。通过寻读活动，可以帮助学生了解文章特定信息，提高学生的阅读速度。找读是教师需要训练学生提高的阅读能力之一。(2)注意事项：在设计寻读活动时，要有明确的时限规定，以促使学生在较短的时间内完成任务。在设计寻读活动时，要引导学生借助关键词快速锁定
48、寻读目标，切忌从头逐字地寻找，导致学生的寻读技巧未得到有效的培养。在设计寻读活动时，教师的指令要清楚，不能过于简单，这会造成学生不清楚做什么的局面，从而影响阅读效果。指令中应包含学生应在多长时间内(timelimit)，通过怎么读(how)，读出什么(what)等信息。教师指令语：ScantheParagraphs3-5in5minutestogetenoughinformationtofillthetableScanthefirsttenlinesin3minutesandanswerthefollowingtwoquestions四、根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。一位教师在英语教学
49、过程中，按照听、说、读、写顺序指导学生学习英语，强调模拟、重复、记忆和句型练习，极力避免学生出现语言错误。请问该教师采用了什么教学法?该教学法有哪些优缺点?【答案】该教师采用了听说法。(1)听说法的优点：重视听说训练，有利于培养学生的听力能力和自然的语音语调；通过句型操练，能够利用有限的语言材料使学生较快地学会口语表达；在加强听、说能力，提高学生外语实践水平上有一定作用。(2)听说法的缺点：只注意句型本身意义，忽视物质意义和情景意义，从而造成学生往往并不了解句子的确切含义；一般不指明语法规则，使学生对语言体系没有一个清晰准确的概念，加上机械性重复练习学生的语言创造生成的能力得不到培养和发挥；它
50、是一个脱离语境，忽视意义的模式体系，所以不利于培养学生进行自然的语言交际的能力。五、设计任务：阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计 20 分钟的英语写作教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但必须包含下列要点：teachingobjectivesteachingcontentskeyanddifficultpointsmajorstepsandtimeallocationactivitiesandjustifications 教学时间：20 分钟学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级学生，班级人数 40 人。多数学生已经达到普通高中英语课程标准(实验)五级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。语言素材：DearZhou