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1、Uint7IL Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope, it s easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still don t understand EI Nino.W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the cause of the warm Pacific current that
2、 brings storms or droughtthe mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?2. ScriptM: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, the greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve things?W: I a
3、gree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun s energy for heating and lighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?3. ScriptW: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean with
4、 wind from the north blowing sand from the desertat us.M: That s why the Chinese government has been encouraging people toplant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q: What did the government encourage people to do?4. ScriptM: Many old refrigerators and cars
5、 are environmental hazards because they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.W: Yes, but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.Q: What are government departments helping people to do?5. Sc
6、riptM: Hey, that s an aerosol spray you re using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer.W: Cool it, man. This spray doesn11 contain CFC s. And you1 d better read a little more. In 2003 the hole in the ozone
7、 layer shrank by 20 percent, so there s no reason to panic.Q: What does the man mean?Keys: l.B 2.D 3. A 4.A 5,CIII. Listening InTask 1: We should have proper respect for nature!ScriptMartha: Do you think most people in your culture respect nature?Ed:I think so. Umm.more now than before.Martha: What
8、do you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today?Ed:Today.I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; andanother problem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?Ed:Umm.through school. A lot of clubs promote
9、environmentalsafely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely and stuff like that.Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school?Ed:I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of allthe problems that are going on. And also to pre
10、vent more problems from occurring.Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it be?Ed:A new law for the environment? Umm.I d probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin, not just throw them everywhere bec
11、ause it s just littering and I hate that. So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor on the ground.Martha: Thats a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environment?Ed:r m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, Iget really angry. So I always t
12、hrow my trash into the garbage bin.While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture respect nature ever before. When asked about the most serious environmental problem in the world today, he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.Ed learned about envir
13、onmental problem at school. A lot of clubs and some TV proqrams promote environmental safely. He believes that students should learn more about the environment at school. Then they can be more aware of all the problems and prevent more problems from occurring.When asked about a new law he would like
14、 to create to help the environment, he said that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them in the garbage bin. They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.Personally, Ed is so set against littering that he never litters. He always throws his trash into the garbag
15、e bin.Task 2: A Work Qualification TestScriptAccording to a report by Australian researchers, the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica will probably start closing within five years. They say it may be completely closed within fifty years. The ozone layer protects the Earth from dangerous radiatio
16、n from the sun. The hole in the ozone layer was discovered over Antarctica almost thirty years ago. At the time, it was three times the size of Australia.The report found that ozone-destroying gases in the upper atmosphere were at or near their highest levels in the year2000. But since then, there h
17、as bee continuous progress made toward the recovery of the ozone layer.Satellite information showed that levels of ozone-destroying gases in the atmosphere are slowly decreasing. At its largest this year, the ozone hole covered more than 15 million square kilometers. That is down from a yearly avera
18、ge of 23 million square kilometers over the last six years. Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, are responsible for destroying part of the ozone layer over Antarctica. CFCs have been widely used since thel930s in cooling devices such as refrigerators and air conditioners. CFCs remain in the atmosphere for
19、 years.Government scientist say the level of chlorine in the atmosphere is decreasing because of restrictions on the use of chlorofluorocarbons. The chemicals were restricted under an international agreement called the Montreal Protocol in 1987. Under the Protocol, developing countries promoted to c
20、ut their use of chlorofluorocarbons in half by the year 2005. They also agreed to an eighty-five percent cut by the year 2oo7.Keys: FTTFTFor Reference1. It was three times the size of Australia.2. They promised to cut their use of CFCs in the half by 2005 and agreedto an 85 percent cut by 2007.Task3
21、: A Mild EI NinoScriptThe EI Nino weather condition has returned. However, official at the United States National Weather Service say EI Nino is weaker than usual this year. EI Nino is a change in the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. It happens every four or five years.Normally, water temperatures
22、 in the western Pacific Ocean increase near the end of the year. This cause more rainfall in Indonesia, Australia and other nearby place. At the same time, cold ocean water cause less rainfall in the eastern Pacific Ocean, near South America. The opposite happens during EI Nino. Pacific Ocean temper
23、atures increase near South America, causing unusually high amounts of rainfall there. In contrast, EI Nino causes dry weather in Indonesia and Australia.A strong EI Nino can severely affect the weather all over the world. The last powerful EI Nino was in 1997 and 1998. It caused major floods in many
24、 places. EI Nino also led to extremely dry weather in some other areas. Reports say the weather caused the deaths of about 24,000 people.So experts say having a weaker EI Nino this year is good news. Meteorologists say rainfall has been higher than usual in South America. The experts say the effects
25、 of EI Nino will begin to show in November in the United States. The northern states may have a warmer winter. But, scientists say EI Nino will not be strong enough to prevent this year s powerful storms in the Atlantic Ocean.1. According to the passage, how often does EI Nino happen?2. What normall
26、y happens in the western Pacific Ocean?3. What did the EI Nino in 1997 and 1998 cause?4. What is NOT mentioned as a result of this year s EI Nino?5. What is the central idea of the passage?Kes: IC 2.A3. D 4.B 5.CFor ReferencePacific Ocean temperatures increase near South America, causingunusually hi
27、gh level of rainfall there. Dry weather results in Australia.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Our globe is in dangerJohn: How is your Grandma getting along during this usually hot weather?Nora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that the hot, humid weather is killing her. She believes the w
28、eather has changed.John: What she means is the climate* s long-term conditions; weather refers only to day-to-day conditions.Nora: Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But I tried to comfort her, saying, It s all in your mind, Granny.John: She s right, you know. The greenhouse effect
29、does bring globalwarming and rain.Nora: How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-old Granny?John: Tell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let in light and trap heat.Nora: Think she* II want to know that carbon monoxide from earth makes gre
30、enhouse gases?John: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won t stop it.Nora: I II tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal, or to use spray on the hair.John: OK, joke about it, but it won t be so funny when the polar icecaps melt and oceans rise.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIAL
31、OGA: How are you getting along during this usually hot weather?B: Not well at all. Over the last few weeks the hot, humid weather is killing me. I believe the climate has changed.A: Yeah, the summer is hotter, and winter wetter.B: Do you know why all this has happened?A: The greenhouse effects bring
32、 global warming and rain.B: What do you mean by greenhouse effects?A: The earth is now like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let light in and trap heat. You know, carbon monoxide from earth is a greenhouse gas.B: I see. Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won t s
33、top it.A: The important thing is that human beings should take steps to reduce global warming.B: What can we do then? Perhaps we should not burn any more wood or coal.A: Right. Also we should try to produce less CFCs or Freon.B: How can we achieve that?A: Don t use aerosol spray on your hair, and de
34、pend less onair-conditioners and refrigerators.B: But it s hard to give up all this.A: But we must take action before polar icecaps melt and oceans rise.M0DEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory. ScriptSusan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus asking for donations to save the
35、rainforests.Chris: So what?Susan: So what?! Don* t you want to save the rainforests?Chris: But there( re no rainforests in our country. They need hot, tropical climates.Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation. Tropical rainforests can be found in ho
36、e, tropical areas, but there are also cool rainforests, including one in southeast Alaska.Chris: How did you know that?Susan: Well, F ve just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140nillion people live in the world s rainforests, and 35 percent of the world s plant and animal species exist only in
37、rainforests.Chris: Wow, I m impressed. So what else have you learned?Susan: Most of the world s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 1000 acres a minute!Chris: It s terrible!Susan: Yeah, we ve got to find a way to save them.
38、Now would you like to give a donation?Chris: Sure.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Most of the world s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute!B: What a tragedy!, Many of the world s plant and animal species exist
39、 only in rainforests.A: We really need to save the beautiful forests.B: Yeah, we ve got to find a way to save them.A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant trees?B: Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesn t have a lot of forests compared with many countries.A: Thats true.
40、I vejust read an article about afforestation. Chinas forest coverage rate was 18.21percent last yea, ranking only 130th in the world.B: No wonder we have to plat more trees.A: Don t lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the rate wasjust 16.55 percent.B: Any other good news?A: China has s
41、tepped up its tree-planting efforts. Now it s the world s No.l planter of trees.B: Wow, I m impressed.MODELS What a terrible sandstorm!ScriptSusan: Hey, John. You re back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hit our cityJohn: Oh, that s bad.Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. I had to wea
42、r a scarf around my head.John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in science, I ve heard the dust often comes after a long period of drought.Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and unfortunately our city is one of them.John: And if the drought cont
43、inues, the soil is easily airborne. And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up, and it can travel very long distances.Susan: Normally, when there s a wind, it can clear the air, and you have beautiful weather. But when the dust is brought in with the wind, th
44、en you can t breathe, you can t see well, and it s dangerous for driving, or for walking.John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high 3,000 meters. And it s not just China that has problems, but many other countries. For example, the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storm
45、s, and some of the dust goes up very high, goes across the ocean, and falls down on New Zealand.Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.John: Is there a solution to the problem?Susan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where it is.John: No wonder the government is launching a ne
46、w afforestation program in a bid t address the environmental problem.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: I m so glad to be back home, again. Oh, what a clear blue sky! B: Yes, the wind has cleared the air. I hope you still remember the situation a couple of years age; that is, when you were here. Each spri
47、ng a big sandstorm struck our city.A: Oh, that was bad. That air was filled with sand and dust. I had to wear a scarf around my head.B: I had to cover my mouth and nose with a handkerchief. And facial makes sold well. The dust came from the north, and it often rose after a long dry spell.A: If the d
48、rought continued, the soil was easily airborne. And when the wind came, the soil was swept up on the cold air, and it could travel very long distances.B: When the dust was brought in with the wind, we could hardly breathe, we couldn t see well, and it was dangerous for driving.A: How did your town solve the problem?B: Not only our town. In fact, people in the whole province planted a lot of trees and grass so that the soil would stay where it is.A: I see. The government launched an afforestation project to deal with