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1、考研阅读核心词汇词汇的形式上的微观区别第一级1. adherence 和 adhesion这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。adherence 用于比喻的意思。例如:His adherence to the strict letter of the law.adhesion是指物质上的。2. adjacent, adjoining, 和 contiguous这些词都有next to “紧挨”的意思。adjacent 毗邻的,邻近的”,但它们可能并不相互直接接触。adjoining和contiguous指相互接触,通常之间有一个edge或boundaryo3. admission 和 admittan
2、ce它们都有the act of enteringv的意思。但admission用于公共场合。The price of admission to the gallery is5.admittance不指公共场合,一般指私人的住所。4. adopted 和 adoptiveadopted ”收养的,过继的”an adopted son (daughter)养子(女);my adopted countryy我所入籍的国家;adopted words外来语。adoptive “收养的,我口说 adoptive parents,但很少说 adoptive child;“采用的,假冒的an adopti
3、ve courage假充勇敢。5. averse 和 adverseadverse 不利的,反对的“,用于事,不用于人。adverse weather conditions;an adverse reaction.averse “嫌恶的,反对的,不乐意的”,常和“to” 一起使用,而且用否定形式。6. advise 和 adviceadvise “劝告”(动词);advice “劝告”(名词)。7. affect 和 effectaffect 影响,它的第二个意思是“假装,Though she affectes indifference, I knew she was really very
4、upset.effect n.“结果”,“效力”。“产生”,“导致”,它比“tocause, to bring out” 更为正式。His aim was to effect a radical change in the party structure.8. all ready alreadyall ready 意思是 acompletely prepared,already 已经、He had already had his lunch.9. altogether 和 all togetheraltogether (in total)“总共”al 1 together 意思是“in a g
5、roup。如:We put the sheep all together in one field.这两个词还可以分开。We put all the sheep together in one field.10. allude 和 eludeallude “暗指”,“暗示”,“(婉转)提到”。elude (to avoid or escape)“闪避,躲避。如:to elude sib s grasp 逃脱,没有被逮住;to elude the law规避法律。The meaning eludes me.那个意义我摸不透。11.illusion 和 delusionillusion 幻觉,错觉
6、 be under no illusion about sth.对某事不存幻想。delusion 欺骗,迷惑” He suffers from the delusion that hes attractive to women.他糊里糊涂地认为自己对女人很有吸引力。12 . amended 和 emendamended (to alter or add to something)“订正,改正“,“修正(议案等)”。an amended bill 修正案;amend one,s ways 改过自新。emend (to correct errors in)“校订。emend the text of
7、 a book 校勘某书;He emended the typescript before sending it to the printers. 在交付印刷之前他校正文稿。13 . amicable 和 amiable这两个词都是指“友好的”意思。amicable “友好的,亲切的”指行为或情景。The discussions were amicable, though business 1 ike.讨论虽然是商业形式,但是友好的。amiable ”可爱的,和蔼可亲的Many people are afraid of him, though I found him to be perfect
8、ly amiable,虽然我发现他特别和蔼可亲,但还是有很多人害怕他。14 . assent 和 ascentassent 可用作 agreementw “同意或agree “同意”。ascent n.上升,晋升“。the ascent of mountain 登山。15 .avert 和 avoidavert 防止,避免”。avoid 回避,逃避 o avoid bad company 避免和坏人来往;I cannot avoid seeing him.我不能不见他。16 .besides 和 besidebesides意思是“in addition to” “加之,还有,另外“:而besi
9、de ”在旁边,“在侧”。Duncan is the tall man standingbeside my father.站在我爸爸旁边的高个子男子是邓肯。17 .coherence 和 cohesioncoherence ”统一,一致性”;cohesion ”结合力,团结”。the cohesion of molecules分子的结合力。18 . compare with 和 compare tocompare with 和比起来“compare to 好比。He compared the moon to a silver plate. (也把月亮比成一个大银盘。19 . impel 和 c
10、ompelimpel ”推动,驱使,激励。impel sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事;compel 强迫,胁迫,迫使。compel sb. to ones will强迫人服从自己。20 . complement 和 complimentcomplement ”补足(物),补全,补足语”。compliment ”恭维话,赞辞,敬意“;Your presence is a great compliment.承蒙光临,不胜荣幸。21 . confident 和 confidantconfident “深信,确信,自信”。confidant “心腹朋友”。She has no close
11、confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.她没有知心朋友来帮助或是劝告她。22 .continual 和 continuouscontinual 连续,继续”;频繁的;continual bouts of toothache 一阵接一阵的牙痛。(这中间可能有停顿或间断。)continuous 连续(指从不间断的);We have had three weeks of continuous rain.我们这里连续三周下雨不停。23 .might 和 couldmight 表明“possibility”。could 应该用来表明 “perm
12、ission” . Mum said we could (might) go to the football match.24 .council 和 counselcouncil 议事机构”,委员会;a cabinet council内阁会议。counsel ”商议,劝告;follow sbs counsel close 牢记某人忠告。25 .creditable 和 crediblecreditable ”声誉好的,可称许(赞扬)的;credible“可信的,可靠的Hes the only one without a credible alibi (辩解, 托辞),他是惟一一个没有可信托辞的
13、人。26 .decisive 和 decideddecisive ”果断的,断然的;decisive measures断然的措施。decided ”明确的,无疑的;a decided success明显的成功。27. defective 和 deficientdefective (having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。deficient (lacking in what is needed)“不足的;be deficient in 欠缺。28. def ini te 和 definitivedefinite (certain or clear, not vague)“明确
14、的,一定的“。definitive (authoritative, that cannot be improved)”限定的,决定性的,最后的;definitive host 宿主;definitive organs 定形器官;definitive sentence 最后判决。29. dependant 和 dependentdependant n. (one who depends on another for support)受赡养者。dependent adj.“依靠的,依赖的;Hes still dependent on state benefit. The rate of relie
15、f is dependent on oney s income.30. discreet 和 discretediscreet 考虑周到的,慎重的”。discrete ”分离的,分裂的;Oncloser examination, we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors.31. distinctive 和 distinctdistinctive “有特色的”,“独特的”;distinct 清楚的,明显的;a distinct smell of alcohol on his breat
16、h; the distinctive stripes of the zebra.32. dual 和 dueldual “二重的;dual personality 双重人格;dual control 双重管辖;duel 决斗,竞争;fight a duel with sb.与某人决斗;challenge sb. to a duel向某人提出决斗;a duel of wits斗智33. eatable 和 edibleeatable a. ”可食用的,可吃的”;n. “食物、食品”。edible a.适合食用的,可以吃的”;n. “食品”。在指吃的时候二者可通用:The toast was bu
17、rnt and barely eatable/edible. 但在其他情况下不一样。If something is eatable, it may be eaten (though it may not be safe or desirable to do so) ; but, if something is edible it is safe to eat.34. economical 和 economiceconomic ”经济学的,经济上的“ an economic survey of Scotland苏格兰经济调查;an economic blockade经济封锁;economical
18、 节俭的, 经济的“ ;Hes had to learn to be more economical now that his only income is a small pension.35. evoke 和 invokeevoke 唤起,引起“;evoke admiration 引起羡慕。invoke ”祈求(神灵)保佑,乞灵于”,行使(法权);The shaman invokes the spirits of their ancestors. If our case fails in the national courts we will invoke the European Dec
19、laration on Human Rights.36. fatal 和 fatefulfatalcausing death or disaster“致命的“ ;a fatal disease 不治之症;a fatal wound致命伤。fatefulcrucial, significant, deciding one, s fate” “重大的”, “决定性的,决定命运的”;On that one fateful day in October, millions of pounds were wiped off the value of shares.37. fictional 和 fict
20、itiousfictional “虚构的,小说的”。fictitious 虚构的,编造的” (denotes something that is not real and has been created with the intention of deceiving others); He gave the police a fictitious name.38. historical 和 historichistorical ”有关历史的“,历史的,the historical period 历史阶段;historical personage 历史人物。historic “历史上有名的,有
21、历史意义的,historic town历史名城。39. impassable impassible impassable 不能通行的,“不可逾越的“;an impassable swam不能通行的沼泽地。impassible “不感疼痛的;无动于衷的;an impassible God无动于衷的神。1. .infer 和 implyinfer 猜想,臆测“,推断;infer a motive from an effect 从效果推知动机。imply ”含有的意思”;Do you realize what his words imply?你领会他说话的含意吗? I do not imply th
22、at you are wrong.我的意思不是说你错了。41. impractical 和 impracticable (not sensible or efficient or not actually possible)”不切实际的,不现实的”。impracticable (not able to be done or used)”不能实行的,行不通的”; With a river on one side and a steep drop on the other, it is impracticable to widen the road.42. incredible 和 incredu
23、lousincredible 不可相信的,难以置信的;incredible energy惊人的能量, 精力。incredulous 不相信的,表示怀疑的“;be incredulous of hearsay 不相信道听途说;an incredulous look怀疑的目光。43. ingenious 和 ingenuousingenious ”机灵的 ;an ingenious mind 机灵的头脑;an ingenious machine精巧的机器。ingenuous ”直率的,坦白的”。44. intense 和 intensiveintense “激烈的,强烈的”,“紧张的 an int
24、ense light强烈的灯光; intense heat酷热;an intense life奋发图强的生活。intensive ”加强的,集中的“;“深入细致的,彻底的;an intensive bombardment 密集炮击;an intensive study 彻底的研究;an intensive reading 精读(extensive reading 泛读)。45. junction 和 juncturejunction “接合,连接”,(河流的)汇合处”;make a junction取得联络,连接起来junction box接线盒。juncture (a particular
25、point in time or in a sequence of events)”接合,连接“, 时机,关头” ;an important juncture in a man,s career A 生历程中的重要关头;at this juncture在这个时候;in the present critical juncture of things在目前这一危急关头下。46. apt 和 prone它们都具有atending to or in the habit of”的意思,但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone to falls, often because
26、 of arthritic joints or dizziness.47. loose 和 loseloose 松的,宽的”。lose 丢失;lose ones balance 失去平衡,跌倒;lose ones head 被搞糊涂。1.1 luxuriant 和 luxuriousluxuriant (growing strongly or vigorously; abundant, prolific)”繁茂的;多产的;丰富的“ ;His luxuriant beard was red.luxurious 豪华的,奢侈的”;a luxurious table奢侈的饭菜。49. magical
27、 和 magic它们都和magic有关系,但是magical也有“wonderful, entrancing,的意思。50. masterly masterful(showing great ski 11 or the ski 11 of a master) “熟练的;名家的”。masterful (showing power or authority)主人派头的,专横的“;You re so strong and masterful.51. obsolete 和 obsolescentobsolete (no longer in use or already out of date)”已废弃
28、的,已不用的“;an obsolete vessel 废舰;an obsolete word 已废的词。obsolescent (going out of use or becoming out of date)“逐渐被废弃的,快要不用的”;Do you think that faxes are obsolescent?52. officious 和 officialofficious “爱管闲事的”,非正式的;an officious statement 非正式声明。official ”官方的,“公务上的;an official gazette官方通报; an official letter
29、 公函,公文;an official record 正式记录53. peaceable 0 peaceful,peaceable (peace loving, mild, placid, not inclined to quarrel or fight or existing in peace)“平和的”;“温和的”; “温顺的。peaceful 和平的,太平的”;“宁静的”;“爱好和平的”;a peaceful night,s sleep ; peaceful coexistence 和平共处;peaceful uses of atomic energy原子能的和平应用。第二级快速记忆his
30、toric-historicalhistoric: famous in history,历史上著名的historical: belong to history 历史上的elec trie 与electricalelectrical: worked by, changed with, 用电的,带电的,有电的 current/cableelectrical:engineering/apparatuseconomic 与economical economic: of economics policy/geography/crisis/crops economical: careful in the
31、spending of money 经济的,节俭的 an housewife/store industrial-industriousindustrial: of industries 工业的the revolution/products/systemindustrious: hard-working 努力的 peopleconsiderable与considerateconsiderable: great much 相当多(大)的a i ncome/di stanceconsiderate: thoughtful 体谅的, She is to others. sensible与 sensit
32、ivesensible: reasonable,实用的, 明知的 awoman/idea/豁达的妇女/明知的观点clothes实用的衣服sensitive: quick to receive 敏感的 a skinpaper 感光纸continual-continuouscontinual: going on all the time without stoppingrepeatedly,连续的,断断续续的rain/noisecontinuous: going on without a break,连续不断的fight/work intense 与 intensiveintense: high
33、in degree强烈的,剧烈的,高度的heat炽热/painanlady热情的女子intensive: deep and thorough 精深的,集中的reading/study彻底研究/agriculture密集农业respectable respective与respectfulrespectable: deserving respect,值得尊敬的,有名望的 a man/professionrespectful: showing respect 尊敬人的,有礼貌的,He is always to the elders.respective: belongs to each of th
34、ese 分别的,各自的 They sat on their chairs. imaginable imaginary-imaginative imaginable: : that can be imagined 可想象的 difficultiesimaginary: existing only in the mind, unreal 想象中的,不真实的figureimaginative: of, having, using imagination 有想象力的,运用想象力的 a writer intelligent intelligible-intellectualintelligent: ha
35、ving, showing intelligence, clever 有才智的,聪明的 an looking girl answerintelligible: clear to mind, that can be easily understood. 易了角举的, 易领悟的an speech/explanationintellectual: possessing a great deal of knowledge 知识的,智力的contemptible与contemptuouscontemptible: deserving contempt 可卑的a liecontemptuous: show
36、ing contempt 表示轻视的a lookcredible、 credulous与creditablecredible: that can be believed 可信的,可靠的a witnesscredulous: too ready to believe things.轻易相信的, 易上当的He always cheats people.creditable: that brings credit.可称赞的a record/deed/efforta Iternate-al ternativealternate: changing by turns 轮流的,交替的alternative
37、: giving a choice between two things 选择的, 两者选的comparable-comparat i vecomparable可比较的,有类似之处的There is no scenery comparable to that of the West parative比较而言的,相当的He lived in comparative comfort recently.politic-pol iticalpolitic精明的 political政治的beneficial-beneficentbeneficial有益的 beneficent多多行善的official
38、与 officiousofficial官方的 officious多管闲事的pot ent 与 potentialpotent强有力的potential潜在的,可能的conf i dent-conf i dent i alconfident有信心的,自信的 confidential机密的negligent 与 negl igiblenegligent忽视的,粗心大意的 negligible可忽视的moment ary-momentousmomentary瞬时的,短时的 momentous重大的memorable 与 memorialmemorable值得记忆的,不能忘却的memorial纪念的s
39、ocial 与 sociablesocial社会的sociable善社交的chi Idish-childlikechildish幼稚的childlike孩子般的distinct 与distinctivedistinctive: characteristic 独特distinct: clear明显的,清晰的的,有区别的classic与 classicalclassic 流的classical 古典的comprehensible与comprehensivecomprehensible可理解的 comprehensive全面的,综合的dis interested与uninteresteduninte
40、rested 冷淡的earthy泥土似的disinterested 公平的earthly与ear thy earthly人间的,尘世的 except ionable-exceptionableexceptionable 反对的 exceptionable 非凡的fatal 与 fatefulfatal致命的fleshly 与fleshyfleshly肉体的homely 与 home like homely家常的fateful决定性的fleshy肥胖的homelike像家的无法使用的 im (un) practi cal 与 i mpract i cableim(un)practical 不切合
41、实际的impracticableingenious与ingenuous ingenious有独创性的 manly、masculine与male manly男人气派的 malemovable 与 mobi lemovable可移动的,变动的mysterious 与 mystical mysterious 神秘的notable 与 noted notable著名的(指事)practical-Mpract icableingenuous 直率的,男的 masculine天真的男性的mobi le可动的,活动地mystical奥妙的noted著名的(指人)practical实际的practicable
42、可行的,通行的regretful-regrettable regretful遗憾的(指人) seasonable 与 seasonal seasonable 及时的 spiritual-spirituous spiritual精神的 tortuous 与 torturous tortuous弯曲的 transitory 与 transientregrettable遗憾的(指事)seasonal季节的spirituoustorturous泗精的受刑的transitory短时间的 (指事)transient瞬时的 (指人)element ary 与el ementalelementary 基本的
43、heal thy 与 healthful healthy健康的 likely 与 likable likely可能的desirable与desirouselemental自然的healthful有易于健康的likable可爱的desirable合意的 clean 与cleanly clean干净的 kind 与 kindly kind慈善地desirous渴望的cleanly有干净习惯的kindly友好的,亲切的temporal 与 temporarytemporal 一时的,暂时的,世俗的 temporary暂时的,临时的第三级高速记忆conscientious凭良心的;谨慎的;尽责的con
44、scious 有意识的;神志清醒的council 政务会;理事会;委员会;顾问班子counsel 劝告;忠告;建议critic批评家,评论家;鉴定家critical苛求的;批判性的dying快结束的;快熄灭的;快消灭的dyeing染色;染色法;染业emigrant移居的;移民的,侨居的immigrant (从外国)移来的,移民的,侨民的empire帝权;绝对统治(over)empirical以经验为根据的,经验主义的evident 容易知道或发现,无须解释或证明的”evidence明显,显著,明白,迹象,根据fabric织物,纺织品;结构fabricate捏造,伪造facilitate使容易;
45、使便利facility灵巧,熟练fatal致命的;毁灭性的fateful命运注定的,重大的;决定性的 feel感觉,觉得,感知fell砍伐(树等);击,打倒;(疾病)致于死地 fraction小部分,零头,片断,碎片,一些,一点儿,几分之一fracture破裂,断裂fiction虚构的文学作品;小说,编造;虚构;想象friction摩擦,摩擦力,矛盾,冲突,不和front前面,前部frontier 一国的边疆;边界,边境graceful优美的;雅致的,得体的;适度的,合度的gracious亲切的;和蔼的;慈祥的harness开发,治理;控制hardness坚固,硬度冷酷无情host作东,作为主
46、人招待hostage人质,抵押(品);质物identical同一的;同样的identity完全相同;绝对相同implication卷入,牵连implicit暗含的;含蓄的inherent固特、常、原有的,本来的,先天的,内在的inherit vt.继承,遗传而得initial开始的;最初的initiative起始的;初步的;自发的installation就职;装设;安置installment不稳固;不稳定intelligent理解力强的,有才智的,聪明的intellectual有智力的;聪明的invest (常与in连用)投入(精力、时间等)investigate调查;研究knit编织,编结knot打结;包扎less较少的;较小的lesser更少的(地);更小的(地)lessen使小;变小;减少 lesson教训,训诫,惩戒 level水平的;平坦的lever杠杆liberal博学的;通才的,慷慨的;大方的liberate (常与from连用)解放;释放lighting照明设备;照明系统