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1、初中英语八年级上一次月考知识点总结-人教、外研、冀教、沪教版人教版Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?语言目标：谈论过去的事情一、短语stay at home待在家里go on vacation 去度彳取go to the mountain 去爬山go to the beach 去海滩visit museums参观博物馆quite a few相当多go to summer camp去参观夏令营study for 为.而学习most of the time式部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃of course 当然have a good time玩彳寻
2、高兴go shopping 去购物feel like给的感觉；感受到in the past在过去walk around四处走走because of 因为one bowl of.一碗the next day 第二天one bag of applestwo bags of apples/ a bag of apples注意：谓语动词由量词单位决定drink tea 喝茶go on doing 继续take photos 照相up and down 上上下下something important S.要的事come up出来二、习惯用法buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为
3、某人买某物taste+adj.尝起来1。1+句.看起来.seem+ (to be) + adj.看起来.seem是看起来像，给人印象中是，可以是抽象的；而look是直观的、在眼睛视线看到某东西后认为的看起来像，是具体的。nothing. but+动词原形除.之9M十么都没有arrive in+大地点/ arrive at+小地点 到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事w
4、ant to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事Why not do sth.?为什么不做.呢？so+adj.+that+从句如此以至于.tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事三、词语辨析1. anywhere 与 somewhere两者都是不定副词。anywhere 任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。I
5、lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem +形容词，看起来，You seem happy today.seem+to do sth.似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a cold.It seems/seemed从句看起来好像.;似乎It seems that no one believe you.seem like .好像，似乎.It seems like a good idea.3. decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.decide +疑问词+动词不定式He can no
6、t decide when to leave.4. start doing sth .= start to do 开始，可与 begin 互换。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用begin :(1)创办,开办：He started a new bookshop last month.(2 )机器开动:I cant start my car.(3 )出发,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5. over(1)介词，多于，超过，在以上(表示数目、程度)=more thanMy father is over 40 year
7、s old .(2 )之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under相反。The plan is flying over the montains.(3 )超过：There are over 60 students in the class.(4 )遍及:I want to travel all over the world.6. too many太多，后接可数名词复数。Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Dont talk too much.much
8、too太，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.You re walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too用法区别看后头：much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。too many要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was t
9、oo expensive.四、交际用语。1. - Where did you go on vacation?你去哪里度假了？（一般过去式句子）-I went to the mountains.我去山区了。（一般过去式句子）2. Long time no see彳艮久没见了。3. Everything tasted really good.一切品尝起来真的很好。（一般过去式句子）4.1 felt like I was a bird.我感觉我成了一只鸟。（一般过去式句子）so What a difference a day makes!多么与众不同的一天！加下划线的单词，均为谓语动词，使用过去式。
10、五、语法：一般过去时定义：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。过去发生的动作。如：他昨晚做作业了。过去存在的状态。如：他出生于2000年1月。语法构成：谓语动词用过去式。动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种：规则动词的过去式：（1）一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed ,如：wanted ; played(2 )以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-5如：hoped ; lived (3)重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，需双写最后一个辅音字母， 再加-ed.如:stopped(4 )以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed ,如：studied ; worried(5 )以元音字母+y
11、结尾的动词,直接加-ed ,如：played ; enjoyed规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住，清后田，元浊，田d之后读id。清辅音后,ed要读比 如：worked , finished元音或浊辅音后，ed要读d.如：lived , called田或d后，ed 读id。如：started , needed不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆。+(书后最后一页)语法解析不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：1 . some和any可数名词不可数名词。some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定 句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问句中用some,不用any,问话
12、者希望得到对方肯定回答。2 .由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人 称单数。3 .不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后。如：something interesting六、作文()I had a very good time in my last vacation. I went to the park in the morning. I walked around thepark with my dog and watched people fly kites. Then I found several old people fish by
13、 the lake ,and it was very interesting. In the afternoon, I went shopping with my best friend and I bought a beautiful dress. We went to the cinema later in the evening and enjoyed a very good film, and it was exciting. In a word, it was a really nice vacation.我上次度假玩得非常开心。我早上去了公园。在公园，我遛了狗并看了人们放风 筝。然
14、后我发现几个老人在湖边钓鱼，这事情非常有意思。下午我和我最好的朋 友逛街，买了一条漂亮的连衣裙。晚上的时候我们看了电影并且非常喜欢这场好 电影，它真的太刺激了。总之，这是一个非常开心的假日。（二）This summer vacation, I went to the east of China with my parents for about nine days .First, Iwent to Shanghai by train .1 spent one days to go to visit the World Expo Park and the Shanghai TV Tower. I
15、t is not the tallest one, but it is very beautiful. Then, I went to Hangzhou to see the West Lake and drunk“Long Jing TeaH . I also went to Suzhou by plane. There are many parks here. I stayed there for about three days and Hangzhou for two days. The next place to go is Qingdao. Qingdao is a beautif
16、ul city. There have golden beach and a sea. The seawater and sky is clean and blue. There are many banana trees and coconut trees. We played on the beach and we all enjoyed the beautiful cities. At last day, we took the plane to back to Tianjin after supper. We had a good time!这个暑假，我和父母去了中国的东部几天。首先，
17、我坐火车去上海。我参观世了 博园和东方明珠。东方明珠并不是最高的，但是它非常美丽。然后我去了杭州看 西湖并喝了龙井茶。我还坐飞机去了苏州。那有很多公园。我在苏州待了三天， 杭州待了两天。第二天我们去了青岛。青岛是个美丽的城市。那里有金沙湾和大 海。海水和天空是干净和蔚蓝的。那有很多香蕉树和椰子树。我们在沙滩玩耍并 享受这个美丽的城市。最后一天，我们会坐飞机回到天津吃晚饭。我们玩得很开 心。(=)Last summer vacation, I went to visit Uncle Li with my parents by car.Uncle Li is my fathers old frie
18、nd. He lives near the sea. All his family are warm and friendly to us. They took us to visit a lot of places of interest there. Every day, we went for a walk along the beach after supper. We also enjoyed swimming. It was really cool. On the last day, we went shopping in the shopping center. My mothe
19、r bought me some beautiful clothes. It made me very happy. We had a good time there.去年暑假，我和父母坐车去拜访了我李叔叔。李叔叔是我爸爸的老朋友。他住得 靠近海。他们家人对我们既热情又友善。他们带我们去参观了很多有意思的地方。 我们每天晚饭后都沿着沙滩散步。我们还享受着游泳的乐趣。那真是太酷了。在 最后一天，我们去了购物中心购物。我妈妈给我买了一些漂亮的衣服。这让我非 常开心。我们玩的很高兴。Unit 2 How often do you exercise?语言目标：谈论你做事情的频率一、短语look aft
20、er = take care of 照顾surf the internet 上网healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康eating habits饮食习惯take more exercise做更多的运动the same as与彳十么相同be different from 不同once a month 一月一次twice a week 一周两次make a difference to对什么有影响most of the students=most studentshop=go shopping=do some shopping 购
21、物be good for对什么有益be bad for对什么有害come home from school 放学回家of course = certainly = sure 当然get good grades取得好成绩 keep/be in good health 保持健康take a vacation 去度假help with housework 帮助做家务on weekends 在周末how often多久一次hardly ever几乎;从不every day 每天be free有空go to the movie去看电影use the Internet 用互联网swing dance 摇摆
22、舞play tennis 打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚at least 至少go to bed early早点睡觉such as比如；诸如 have dance and piano lessons.上舞蹈课和钢琴课play sports进行体育活动go camping去里予营not. at all 一点儿也不.in ones free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的old habits die hard 积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医more than多于；超过less than 少于二、习惯用法1. Whats you
23、r favorite.?你最喜爱的.是什么？2. How about?怎么样?好不好?How many+可数名词复数+一般疑间句?.有多少.？3. 主语+find+that从句：发现4. by doing sth. = through 名词,通过做某事5. help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事6. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光7. want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事8. Its+ adj.+ to do s 做某事的.的。9. ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事10. the best way to do sth.做某
24、事的最好方式with 表人与人之间的协同关系”，如:make friends with sb ; talk with sb ;work with sb ; play with sb0三、词语辨析：l.how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用:once , twice , three times 等词语。-How often do you play sports?-Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from Hefei?How l
25、ong is the ruler?how far 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。回答或具体公里数，或30 minutes walk / drive.-How far is it from here to the park?-It s about 2 kilometers.2. free 空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy . be free 有空，闲着，相 当于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week .还可作免费的、自由的解。be free tod。sth.自由地做某事。The tickets are free.
26、Youre free to go or to stay.3. how come 怎么会?怎么回事?，表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通。可单 独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why，但how come开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party?=Why didnt Tom come to the party?4. stay up late 指熬夜到很晚,迟睡.Dont stay up late next time.stay up 指熬夜,不睡觉。He stayed up all night to write his stor
27、y.5. go to bed强调上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep强调入睡，睡着，进入梦乡。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6. find +宾语+名词，发现We have found him (to be) a good boy.find +宾语+形容词，发现He found the room dirty.7. percent百分数，基数词+ percentpercent没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Fort
28、y percent of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.8. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over。在句型转换中考查两者 的同义替换。反义词组为：less thanoI lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。Im afraid we cant come here on time.be afraid of sb.害怕某人媒事；be afraid
29、 of doing sth.害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid +从句,“恐怕,担心:Im afraid I have to go now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时 连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。（How often提问）Sometimes I get up very early.-How often do
30、 you get up?sometime副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或 将来时。（When提问）I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time是可数名词。（how many times提问）I have read the story some times.-How many times have you read the story?sometime名词短语，一段时间。表示一段时间时，句中谓语动词常为
31、延续性动词，（How long 提问）Ill stay here for some time.-How long will you stay here?11. 频率副词:always, usually; often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前，be动词或助动词之后，常用于一般现 在时态中。12. 次数”的表达方法:一次once ;两次twice ;三次或三次以上用基数词+ times13. As for homework , most students do homework every day.as for意思是至于;关于，+名词、代词或动词的-in
32、g形式（即动名词）。如:As for him I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见 到。As for the story youd better not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。14. That sounds interesting.这是主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound （听起来），look （看起来）， smell（闻起来），taste （尝起来），feel （觉得）,seem （好像）,grow （变得），get（变 得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good.这味
33、道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。15. Be about（介词），是关于，+名/代/V-ing16. however副词,意为然而，可是，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。17. notatall意为一点也不。not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。即否定句+ at alle.g. The story isnt interesting at a 11.那个故事一点意思也没有。四、交际用语1. How often do you watch TV?你多
34、久看一次电视？2. What do you usually do on weekends?你通常在周末做什么？.3. Does Sue eat a healthy breakfast?休吃健康的早餐吗？4. She says its good for my healthy.她说那对我的健康有益。5. He plays at least twice a week.他一周至少踢两次。6. Here are the results.这是结果。7. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week.百分之四十五的（学生） 一周锻炼四到六次8. A
35、lthough many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.虽然许多学生喜欢看体育，但是游戏节目是最受欢迎的。9. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.通过使用互联网或看游戏节目来放松是好的。五、语法：一般现在时定义：表示现在经常发生的、习惯性的动作或目前存在的状态。语法构成：(1)谓语动词用原形。(2)当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。什么是第三人称单数？L人称代词he,she,it时，谓语
36、动词用第三人称单数。2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语，谓语动词是第三人称单数。如：Tom looks like her mother.汤姆看起来像她的母亲。Beijing is in China.北京在中国。Uncle Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。3、单数可数名词或this/that/the+单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词是第三人称单数。如:A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。This book is yours.这本书是你的。That car is red.那辆小汽车是红色的。The cat is Lucys.这只猫是露茜的
37、。4、 不定代词 someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指 示代词this, that作主语时，谓语动词是第三人称单数。如：Everyone is here.大家至!J齐了。There is something wrong with the watch.这块手表有毛病。This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。That is an eraser.那是一块橡皮擦。5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。The bread is very small.那块面包很小。6
38、、当数字或字母作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：6 is a lucky number.六是个吉利数字。I is a letter. 是个字母。除上述规律外，还应注意下面三点：(1)动词have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时，要用has ;动词be的第三人称单数形式是is.(2 )含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时，要用doesnt +动词原形, 如：He goes to school at six in the morning.(变否定句)He doesnt go to school at six in the morning.3.对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时，要用助动词d
39、oes ,如：She goes home at five every day.(对划线部分提问)When / What time does she go home every day?动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律L大多数动词在词尾加s,在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音 为口。如：stop - stops s ; read - reads z2、以辅音字母加y结尾的,要先将y变为i,然后在加es,读iz。如: fly- flies z; carry- carries z3、以s, s, ch, sh结尾的,在词尾加es,发音为iz,如:teach - teaches iz；4、以
40、o结尾的动词,加es,读z.如:go-goes z ; do- does z下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记 忆。1、do du:- does dz2、say sei- says seza few少数的，几个，一些a little一点儿,少量表示肯定few很少的，几乎没有的little很少的，几乎没有的表示否定修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词六、作文 ()I have a very healthy lifestyle. First of all, I sleep for at least eight hours a day. When I wake up in
41、the morning, I usually have a glass of milk. I exercise three to four times a week by jogging or playing basketball. I eat a lot of vegetables and fruits every day. Lastly, I never drink coffee because its bad for my health.我有一个非常健康的生活方式。首先，我每天至少有八个小时睡觉。当我醒来的 时候，我通常在早上喝一杯牛奶。我每周通过慢跑或者打篮球锻炼三到四次最后, 我从来
42、不喝咖啡，因为它对我的健康不好。(二)I always have a busy and colorful weekend. On Saturday, I often do my homework. Then, I readsome comic books or story books. After lunch, I often clean my room and wash my clothes. Sometimes, I will draw some pictures when I finish cleaning and washing. After dinner, I often go ou
43、t to play badminton with my friends. But sometimes, we also play hide-and-seek together. In the evening, I often watch TV with my parents or play computer games by myself. After that, I am going to wash my face and feet. At last, I go to bed. On Sunday morning. I have to go to English training schoo
44、l to study English. In the afternoon, I often go to bookstore to buy some books. This is my weekend.我的周末我总是会有一个繁忙但又多彩的的周末。星期六我通常做我的作业.然 后，我读一些漫画书或故事书。午饭后，我经常打扫我的房间和洗衣服.有时候 我也会在我打扫完房间和洗完衣服后画一些画。晚饭后，我经常到外面去和我的 朋友打羽毛球。但有时候，我们也会一起玩捉迷藏。晚上，我经常和我的父母一 起看电视，或自己一个人玩电脑游戏。之后，我就去洗脸和脚。最后，我才去睡 觉。星期天早上，我不得不去英语培训学校学
45、英语。下午，我经常去书店买一些 书。这就是我的周末。(=)根据下列班级活动调查表，用英语写一篇文章。Classl2, Grade 8:ActivityEvery DayTwiWatch TV60%Have Sports10%Do homework100%Here are the results of the student activity survey in Class 12 , Grade 8. Most students watch TV every day. Some students watch TV twice a week. Some students watch TV four
46、 times a week. Ten percent of students have sports every day. Some students have sports twice a Week. Most students have sports four times a week. All the students do homework every day. No students do homework twice or four times a week.这是八年级12班的调查结果。大部分学生每天都看电视。一些学生一周看两次。 还有一些一周看四次。百分之十的学生每天锻炼。一些学生一周锻炼两次。大部 分一周锻炼四次。所有的学生每天都写作业。没有学生是每周做两或四次作业的。冀教版Unit 1 Me and my class【短语集萃】1、one. the other.一个,另一7个2、make friends (with)(和.)交朋友3、introduce. to.把.介绍给.4、introduce oneself (to.)自我介绍 5、the same