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1、Skimming and Scanning (True or False Questions + Blank Filling)Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose Y (YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage, choose N (NO) if the statement contradicts the information given i
2、n the passage, choose NG (NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Passage 1The Real Danger of Sharks (鲨鱼)With row after row of sharp, white teeth, a mouth as wide as its body and an electrical six
3、th sense to track down its victims, sharks are easily seen as the most frightening creature of the sea for most people.Much of that fear is unreasonable, however. Humans just arent on the menu of most sharks.George Burgess directs the International Shark Attack File (档案,案卷)，the biggest listing of sh
4、ark attacks in the world. He says even with millions of people around the world splashing around at the beach, swimming in the sea, diving down into the ocean, and fishing near sharks, there are usually fewer than 75 shark attacks each year.Humans arent on the menuThe fact is that if all types of sh
5、arks were interested in grabbing human beings, I wouldnt be talking about 75 attacks a year. Id be talking thousands and thousands, Burgess says. In Florida if you fly in an airplane along the shoreline, youll see sharks swimming in and amongst people on a day-to-day basis, without problems.Although
6、 they are not common, shark attacks do happen and North America gets more than its fair share. In a survey of shark attacks taken for 2000, the United States experienced 51 of the years 79 attacks recorded worldwide. Most of the US attacks occurred in Florida where the beach-going population is larg
7、e.The 2000 statistics represents the most attacks ever recorded in the past 40 years that researchers have been keeping track of. There were 10 deaths in 2000: three in Australia, two in Tanzania, and one each in Fiji, Japan, New Guinea, New Caledonia and the United States. For 1997, the Internation
8、al Shark Attack File lists 56 unprovoked shark attacks. More than half of those took place in North American waters and 10 resulted in death.Unprovoked shark attacks in Canada are very uncommon, but they do happen as well. The earliest shark attack ever recorded there happened in 1851 and involved a
9、 half-meter-long shark with a long tail. A more recent attack, in 1987, probably involved a different sort of shark that is common to the mid-Atlantic. Shark Attack File records indicate that both of these attacks were provoked. Burgess says two common ways of provoking a shark are pulling on its ta
10、il and removing a fishhook from its mouth.There have been only two unprovoked shark attacks in Canadian waters, the first one being in 1972 off Vancouver Island, Port Hardy,* he says. *The other one was in 1977. A diver off the coast of Newfoundland apparently was bitten by a blue shark. That*s the
11、only one that, by most peoples definition, would really be considered a *shark attack*.n Fortunately, there have been no deaths there.Case of mistaken identityIf sharks don*t normally attack humans, why do they come after us at all? Burgess says the answer is simple: sharks make mistakes.Sharks ofte
12、n grab people in the heat of battle. TheyYe fighting the currents and breaking waves. They probably make quick decisions and go after what they think is a fish and discover that it*s a human foot.*But most sharks quickly realize their mistake and let go. *No animal with a brain would attack somethin
13、g twice its size. So these are clearly cases where the shark has made a mi stake.HUnfortunately, even if mistakes happen, the results can still be deadly （致命的）.The teeth of even a small shark can do a tremendous amount of damage to people and, if not treated immediately, a victim can bleed to death.
14、Man bites sharkDespite the increase in the number of reported shark attacks, the number of sharks in the world*s oceans is actually decreasing. *The real story isn*t Shark bites man,1 Burgess says. Its Man bites shark. Were knocking off sharks all over the world, in some cases severely. In fact, he
15、estimates humans kill about 300,000 sharks each year for every one of us that dies following a shark attack. This is a rough estimate, according to some other researchers, who suggest the shark death count is 70 million every year, by net catch alone.Most, but not all, sharks die in fishing nets, un
16、intended victims of our hunger for seafood. In 1998, a great white shark was washed up on a South African beach. Scientists say it was probably sick and dying. But almost immediately, frightened beach-goers set in on the 4.4-ton animal with anything heavy that they could put their hands on. In minut
17、es, they beat the shark to death. Burgess asks for understanding of the sharks, asking people to recognize the oceans as a foreign and threatening place, where sharks simply rule as king of the food chain.Danger of diving with sharksEven though one of the best ways to get to know sharks is to dive a
18、mong them, Burgess says he doesnt like the idea of eco-tourism （生态旅游）operators feeding sharks around groups of eager divers. The feeding shows disturb the distribution （分发,分配）of sharks around the ocean. They even train the fish to associate divers and their boats with free food. Thats just plain dan
19、gerous for every other diver out there.Worst of all, he fears for the sharks themselves if a person is ever injured at one of these video-camera-happy tourist traps.You know what*s going to happen. That video and those stills are going to hit the press, theyYe going to hit every TV show, and they Ye
20、 going to make every newspaper. And you know who*s going to be the bad guy in all that. The sharks are going to be blamed. The movie image of the killer sharks is going to be reinforced.”With shark populations shrinking in many parts of the world, thats the last thing this beautiful ocean creature n
21、eeds.1. Most people think of sharks as the most frightening animal of the sea.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: A2. Sharks often take people as food, so it is reasonable for people to fear them.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: B3. George Burgess flies above Florida beaches every day and sees sharks swimming near
22、 people.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: C4. There are more reports of shark attacks in the US than in any other country.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: A5. In Canada, its common for someone to be attacked without provoking a shark.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: B6. When sharks attack people, its usually because t
23、hey have made a mistake.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: A7. Most often, sharks quickly let go of a person after they have bitten him.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: A8. Burgess asks people to understand sharks as the king of an ocean that is .Correct answer: foreign and threatening9. Because of the feeding sh
24、ows of eco-tourism operators, sharks associate divers with .Correct answer: free food10. The idea of a killer shark is a that is reinforced by reports of shark attacks.Correct answer: movie imagePassage 2MagicMagic （魔术）is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things which are imp
25、ossible.The magician （魔术帀）is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the law of nature.Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician always tries to keep his t
26、ricks a secret.The tricks employed in magic performanceThe magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical （机械的）devices. Since magic tricks are meant to fool people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people
27、from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magicians success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye do not register on the mind.Two basic magic tricks are making o
28、bjects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change color. What actually happens is th
29、at the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly colored cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magicians words to notice that his other hand is hiding
30、 the ball.Another favorite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he magically makes it appear whole again by disp
31、laying another object that has not been cut or burned.There are a number of tricks in which a magician will appear to read someones mind. In some of these, a trained helper will cover the magician*s eyes with a cloth. Then the helper has the audience hand him various objects. The helper can tell the
32、 magician what the objects are without mentioning their names, by using key words or code words as he talks to the magician. This trick may take the magician and his helper many months to learn.A magicians powers are really quite limited, but he makes people believe that he can do almost anything by
33、 changing or combing several tricks.Tricks in which the magician apparently cuts people in half or makes them disappear are called “illusions（幻觉）.The word illusion derives from the fact that mirrors are often used to perform these tricks. A famous illusion trick is to saw （锯）a woman in half. The wom
34、an is put into a long box with her head sticking out of one end and her feet sticking out of the other end. The magician takes an ordinary wood saw and cuts the box into two halves. The audience is shocked, thinking that perhaps he has killed the woman. A few moments later, however, the magician wav
35、es his hand over the box and the woman comes out. The woman that the audience saw being cut in two was only an image in a mirroran illusion.History of magicMagic is as popular today as it was in ancient times. Records show that over 2,000 years ago magic performances were being given in ancient Egyp
36、t, India, Rome, China and Greece. These early magicians only performed for small groups of people on a street comer or for a king and his friends. The magicians in those days used only small objects that they could carry with them or borrow, such as cups, small stones, knives, and strings.About 1400
37、, more specially designed tricks were invented which used larger equipment, such as boxes and barrels with false bottoms. Under these false bottoms the magician could hide a bird, rabbit, plant, or whatever he wanted to make appear suddenly.Some magicians made enough money to buy a donkey, a horse,
38、or even a horse and wagon so that they could carry bigger equipment. Magicians also began to use halls or empty stores so that they could give their shows indoors.The most successful magicians would move only three or four times a yea匚 They kept a lot of equipment on their stages, but used only a sm
39、all part of it in each show. In this way they could convince the same people back over and over again. Some of their equipment was of no use at all. It was only used for show and to impress the audience.Modern magic did not really start until the 1800s. Its fother is considered to be Jean Houdin, a
40、Frenchman, who developed rules for doing magic. Houdin was also a highly skilled mechanic and watchmaker. Today modern magicians can perform magic tricks that would have been impossible years ago because they now have better mechanical equipment and greater knowledge of audience psychology.1. Magici
41、ans take advantage of their hands and psychology, but not mechanical devices.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: B2. When making something disappear, magicians usually tell people to pay attention to how the trick is done.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: B3. A magicians assistant helps him with tricks in which he
42、seems to read a persons mind.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: A4. The magician makes people believe he has cut a woman in half, but it was only an image in a mirror.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: A5. The history of magic can be traced back to more than 2,000 years ago in ancient Greece, China, Rome, Egypt and
43、 India.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: A6. Around 1400, more specially designed tricks which used larger equipment were invented to please the kings and other rich people.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: C7. The passage is mainly about the origin and development of magic.A. YB.NC.NGCorrect answer: B8. Magician
44、s started to give shows inside .Correct answer: halls or empty stores9. The man who set rules for magic was also a skilled .Correct answer: mechanic and watchmaker10. Thanks to and greater knowledge of audience psychology, modern magicians can perform more complicated magic than ever before.Correct
45、answer: better mechanical equipmentPassage 3A Roof over Our HeadsMan has three basic needs: food, clothing and shelter. If a man lives in a warm climate, clothing is not absolutely necessary. However, man cannot live without food, and he has little chance of survival without shelter. Man needs shelt
46、er to protect himself from the weather, wild animals, insects, and enemies.History of sheltersLong before man learned how to build houses, he looked for natural shelters, as the animals did. He found that he could protect himself by climbing up into trees or by hiding in caves. The first shelters or
47、 homes actually built by man were very simple. For his building materials, he used whatever he could find easily around him: rocks, tree branches, dried grasses, and animal skins. It was a long time, however, before man began to build permanent （永久的）shelters because, until man learned to farm, he li
48、ved by hunting （狩猎）.And, in order to follow game （猎物），he had to be able to move from one hunting ground to another. Thus, the first man-made shelters were those that could be easily transported.The first permanent shelters were probably built twenty or forty thousand years ago by fish-eating people who lived in the places as long as the fish supply lasted. Fish-eaters could stay in one place for several years. However, once man learned to farm, he could live longer in such a place. Thus, he was able to build a permanent home. Once again, he built his home with the materials he found at ha