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1、第大饼副词一、分类左意义上，制词可以分为时间副词（now, late）,地点副词（here, up）.程度副词（very，so）,频率副词（often , rarely）,方式制词（fast, easily）,忐度副词（maybe, honestly）和逐辑连接J 词（hence, however）等。在功能上,副词可以分为一般副词（there）,疑问副词（when）,连接副词（how,where）,关东副词（as, why）和解殊性副词（namely, for example, i.e,那就是，e.g.例如,viz即）等。关系副词引导定语从勺，连接别词引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或不定式
2、等。本书对关余副词和连接副词不作区分。Why she committed suicide is still a mystery .（主语从句）L.d like to know how she did it .（一语从句）This is where you are mistaken .（表语从句）That is the place where he was ar rested .（定语从勺）Askherwhentoopen什问她什c.时候杷它打开。（不定式）二、构成1 .大部分到词由相应的形参词加上后缄ly构成,但注意有变化1）一般情况slow slowly dear dearlycool-co
3、olly badf badlyfinal - finally exact - exactly2）-y结尾的词happyhappily angry-angrily.但 shy-shyly（或 shily）, gaygayly（或 gaily）, dry-dryly（或 drily）3） -Ie结尾的词，省去-e再加ysubtlesubtly noble-noblysingle-singly idleidlyableably.但：supplesupplely, sole-*solely, pale-*palely, vile-vilely, stale stalely, whole-wholly4
4、） -ue结尾的词，去掉e.再加lyt rue-truly due-duly5） -e结尾的词，直接加lycomplete-completely wise-wiselywidewidely lonelonelyloose-loosely definite-definitely6） -ic结尾的词,加-allyeconomic-economically historic-historically新/世/纪/美/语/丛/书268第六讲副词t ragic-t ragically phoneticphoneticallyautomatic-automatically democratic-democr
5、aticallyfantastic-* fantastically energetic-energeticallyfanaticfanatically.但：publicpublicly, political-politically7） -ly结尾的词,去掉y.加ilymelancholymelancholily manlyf manlily chillychillily8） -11结尾的词,只加-yfull-* fully dull-*dully9)其他词类+ly构成的别词first (序致词)-firstly over(介词)-overlymost (不定代词)mostly accordin
6、g(现在分词)-accordinglydetermined (过去分词)fdeterminedly matter-of-fact(.ti)-matter-of-factlykind-hearted (形词)-kindheartedly ill-natured(;京词)fill-naturedlymarked(过去分词)markedly lingering(现在分词)lingeringly2 .有些副词是由介词或地点名词加后缄ward(s)构成的，意为“向 forward (s), backward( s), downward (s), northward (s), upward( s), st
7、ationward (s),leftward (s), homeward( s), onward (s), inward( s)3 .有些副词是由名词加后缄-wise构成的.表示住置、方向、状思、有关等意义sidewise, clockwise, crabwise, money-wise, saleswise, taxwise, lengthwise, educationwise,weatherwise, corkscrew-wiseNote:有少数副词加后缎-ways.-long,ling( s)构成。例如：sideways, lengthways, headlong, sideling(
8、s)有些别词是加a-, here-, there-, where-构成的。例如：away, ashore, asideherein(in this), hereby, hereaftertherein (in that), thereby, thereafterwherein (in which 或 in what), whereby, whereon4 .某些以名词+ly构成的词和其他结构的词，既可作利词，也可作形京词下面名词+ly构成的词既是副词又是形家词：1) hourlyTheir average hourly earnings are 20 yuan .他们每小时的收入是20元。(形
9、家词)The guards shifted hourly .卫兵每小时换一次肖。(副词)2)weeklya weekly payment of 100 yuan 每周100元的报酬(形京词)They met weekly .他们每周碰一次面。(利伺)3)yearlya yearly meeting 年会(形参词)The interest is normally paid once yearly .利息通常每年付一次。(一词)4 ） leisurelyHe often takes a leisurely walk in the garden in the evening .脱间，他常常在庭院里轻
10、松地散散步。（形象词）He walked leisurely along the road .他在路边悠闲地走着。（别词）大学美语语凄讲座与测试（第二版）269二.构成.其他如：daily paper 日报publish daily每天出极quarterly review 季刊meet quar terly 每季开会一次the nightly skies 夜空appear nightly 夜间出现fortnightly publication 两周一次的刊物perform fortnightly 每两周表演一次monthly salary 月旃come monthly每月来一次ghostly
11、laugh可怕的笑声ghostly pale 鬼一般地卷worldly knowledge 人情世故worldly wise善于处世jolly life舒心愉快的生活jolly good非米好cleanly room 一的房间cut cleanly干净利落地切deadly poison热性去药deadly serious 极为认真kindly heart慈悲心肠speak kindly亲切地说lively girl活泼的女孩step lively 轻快地走Note：manly, costly等名词十ly构成的词只用作形家词，冬阅第五讲。另外.monthly（月刊）,daily（ a报）.wee
12、kly（周报），quar terly（季刊）,bimonthly（双月刊）等还可作名词用，如Beijing Weekly北京周报。5 . alike是形家词也是副词美语中有些副词带有弟缄a，这类词有些同时也是形东词。例如：alone, adrift, astray 逑路，aslant 倾斜.afoot 徒步.aboard 在船上，abroad, askew 歪斜，ahead .。They think alike .他们有同样想法。The boy has gone astray .She went to the station af oot.6 .具有两种形式的同根副词有些副词具有两种形式，一种
13、与形参词同形，一种是形宋词加后缄ly构成的。这两种形式的副词有时含义相同或喙有不同,有时则意义完全不同。比较下面几组词。1） hard 和 hardlyIt is raining hard .（猛见地）He works very hard .（努力地）She listened hard .（仔细地）I can hardly understand you .（几乎不）2） clean 和 cleanlyI dean forgot about什.（完全地，彻底地）The man got clean away .那人逃,得无影无踪。He is clean out of food .他完全没有东西吃了
14、。He pulled one cork cleanly, but the other crumbled .（才4条地，顺才地）Note: cleanly作“清楚地”解时，读作.klinli,也可用作形衮词,作“爱清法的”解，读作.klenli,如 a cleanly cat。3） late 和 latelyVery late at night ,1 got a phone call .（脱,迟）I have lately received a number of letters about this.（录近）4） most 和 mostly新/世/纪/类/语/丛/书270第六讲副词The he
15、ad is the most sensitive par t of the body .（最）The snake hunts mostly at night .（主要地）The guests are mostly friends of the bride .（大多数地）5） close 和 closelyHe stood close to the wall .（靠近）He was following close behind .（近）Watch what I do closely .（细心地）The prisons were closely guarded .（严密地）6） dead 和 de
16、adlydead sure （的确）dead tired （极其）dead ahead （正好）dead drunk （完全地）stop dead （突然地）He was deadly pale .（无一般地）She is deadly sleepy .（非帝）7） sharp 和 sharplyWe arrived at the station at ten o.clock sharp .（准时）look sharp 注意sing sharp用升半音唱At the crossroads, we turned sharp （sharply） to the left .（急剧地）（作“急剧地，.
17、然地”斛时，用sharp和sharply均可）8） slow 和 slowlyThe workers decided to go slow .（怠工）（slow 通常与 go, drive,walk 等动词连用,置于动词之后，其他动词多同slowly连用，slowly在句中的位置较灵活）Speak slowly, please .（慢）She awakened slowly .She slowly awakened .Slowly she awakened .但左下面几句中，用slowly和slow 均可：How slowly/ slow time passes!Co slow/ slowly
18、, we.re coming to a sharp turn .You.d better go slow/ slowly in reaching a decision .9） right 和 rightlyAll went right.（好）He went right away .（立即）Go right home at once !（直接）I haven.t read the book right through .（完全地）The book is right in front of her.（恰好）I rightly guessed that he wasn.t coming .（正确地）
19、He rightly guessed it.（正确地）rightly通帝放在动词南，但也可以说：He guessed rightly（或right ）.）10） firm 和 firmly大学美语语法讲座与测试（第二板）271二.构成Always hold f irm to your beliefs.Stand firm .但：He f irmly believes that .（生友地）Fix the nail firmly in the wall.（牢固地）11） fair 和 fairlyWe must play f air.（公正地）She h让 him fair on the nos
20、e .合好）They.ve dealt fair and square with him .（公平地）但：She told the facts fairly,（不感情用事或不带偏见地）He was f airly beside himself with joy .（相当地.非常）fairly well （非常好）fairly good12） easy 和 easilyTake it easy .（with sth . or on sb .省着用，慢慢来）Go easy .（别急）Easy said, easy go .轻诺者往往失信get off easy没更多大惩罚Stand easy!休息
21、！Easier said than done .做上匕彳兑唯但：I can easily finish it today .（家一地）He is easily satisfied .（东易地）It is easily the best hotel .（无疑）13）wide 和 widelyHe stands with legs wide apart.（宽阔地，张得很开）Her mouth is wide open .（完金地）The ball went wide （far away） f rom the right point.（偏号地）Canning is the most widely u
22、sed method of food preservation （广泛地）They differed widely in opinion .（很大地，在很多地方）He is widely known .（到处）14） sure 和 surelyan I sit here ?w Sure.（当然可以）It sure was a mystery .（的确）He will surely succeed .（一定）You don.t want to hurt his feelings surely .（当然）15） loud 和 loudlyDon.t speak so loud .（loud 指音量
23、的大小、希同 talk, speak, sing, laugh 等连用）He is snoring loudly .Tell the children not to speak so loudly .（loudly T发音时用力的强度,具有“大叫.呼号”等含义，有时相当于noisily,有指“令人不快的噪音”）She is loudly dressed .（花哨地）Please read out loud （aloud）.（“朗读”不可用 loudly）新/世/纪/美/语/丛/书272第六讲副词.但下面两句均正确：He spoke loud and dear.（o 语）He spoke lou
24、dly and clearly .（书面语）16） deep 和 deeply表示捺止状忠的具体深度一般用deep,修饰形求词或动词表示抽象深度则用deeplyo例如：She stood there, her feet deep in the grass.I enjoy it deeply .She was deeply grateful to you for your help .（2）在 work deep into the night, go deep into the matter （深入探讨），drink deep（腐饮）. deep-rooted eyes（深陷的眼崎）等词组中，不
25、用deeply。.有时两者可以换用。例如：She is deep in love .She is deeply in love .dig deepdig deeply17） near 和 nearlyThe holiday is drawing near.（接近，指时间和空间）He was nearly run over by a car .（几乎，差不多）18） round 和 roundlyTurn your chair round and face me .（转过来）He was roundly criticized by the teacher.（彳艮彳艮地）.下面两组句子都是正确的.
26、第一句用于口语,第二句用于书面：She was sleeping sound .She was sleeping soundly .He lay quiet until the danger was over.He lay quietly until the danger was over.Note:在句首或动词匍而时，应用带-ly的别词。例如：Slowly she walked towards the graveyard .（不用 slow）与形宋词同形的单个副词不可在强调句中作破强调部分。例如：It was clear that she spoke .（误）It was clearly t
27、hat she spoke .（正）It was loud and clear that she spoke .（正）greatly通帝次用来修饰动词，除有时修饰形汆词比较级或类似的词如superior.inferior等外.一般不修饰形求词。例如：The book is greatly interesting .（误）The book is very（ fairly） interesting .（正）This car, manufactured at a price greatly higher than that car, is greatly superiorin many respec
28、ts .（正）I greatly appreciate your suggestions.She was greatly frightened of him .有些这类副词,修饰动词有时不需加ly,但在修饰形家词、介词、现在分词或过去分词时，却要加-ly,米见的有 high(ly),direct(ly),wide(ly), tight (ly)。当然，这些副词另外还各自有其特定的用在，参阅本章其他部分。比较：He will communicate with you direct.He was directly affected by the disaster.(不用 direct)大学英语语法
29、讲座与测试（第二板）273二，构成19） free 和 freelyThe dog ran f ree on the farm .（无约束地）The horse broke f ree .（松开着）He admitted the mistake f reely .（直率地）They walked f reely in the park .（自由地）The books are given away f ree .（免布）The books are given away f reely .（大量地、慷慨地）20） large 和 largelywrite large （很大也）sail large
30、 （顺风地）It is stupid t。talk large .（夸大地，自夸地）His success is largely due to luck .（主要地，基本上）He drinks largely .（大量地）21） clear 和 clearlyHe climbed clear to the top of the t ree .（一立地,完全地）Stand clear of the doors of the t rain .（避开，不碰上）The incident remained very clearly in her mind .（清楚地，清晰地）The time is cl
31、early ripe for it .（显然）Note： clear也可以表示“清楚地”，但前专程度副词修饰时.只能用clearly,比较：Speak loud and clear.（正）He speaks very dear.（误）He speaks very clearly .（正）22） short 和 shor tlyYou.d better cut short your talk . It.s late .（简短）He said he would be back short .（不久）.但也可以，比：She answered him short （或 shortly） when he
32、 asked him .23） flat 和 flatlyknock sb . down flat （-f-直地）They went flat against orders .（斯然地）He.s flat broke .（完全地）He finished writing the letter in twenty minutes flat .（正好）He kept singing 门at .（用降调）She flatly refused his demand .（坚决地）He told her flatly that he wouldn.t pay the cost .（坦率地）24） cheap
33、 和 cheaplyHe bought 什 cheap and sold it dear .（便宜地）I never thought he would act so cheap .（卑鄙地）The bike was cheaply bought.（便宜地）He escaped cheaply .（easily）Note: cheap和cheaply都可以表示“便宜地，廉价地，4a cheap只能用于动词之后，不可用于动词前，并帚同sell, buy连.用，而cheaply则可用于动词前面或后面。比较:The train takes you to the city cheaply （正）The
34、train takes you to the city cheap .（误）新/世/纪/类/语/丛/书274第六讲副词It was cheaply sold .（正）It was cheap sold .（误）25） first 和 firstlyYou.d better phone her f irst.（完）I f irst met her in a small village .（初次）She said she would resign f irst.（字可）the first three days （景初的.开始的）Firstly he explained some sentences
35、; secondly he gave a brief comment on the whole essay.（第一、首先,用于列举）26） rough 和 roughlytreat sb . rough （粗暴地）live rough （简陋地）sleep rough （粼密）travel rough （因陋就荷地旅行）They roughly treated the prisoners.（粗暴地）Roughly speaking, he earned about 200 dollars last month .（大致地）Note: rough只能用在动词后面,roughly则可以用在动词前面
36、或后面。27） pretty 和 prettilyThe wind blew pretty hard .（相当.十分，相当于 rather）She was prettily dressed .（灌无地）He was prettily punished .（合宜地）He answered the teacher prettily .（有9貌地）Note：注意下面短语的含义：pretty much（ well nearly）差不多（几乎）.sit pretty 处于极有利的地位。例如：lt.s pretty well impossible to climb the mountain in wint
37、er.在冬天要爬那座，几乎是不可能的。28） false 和 falselyHe played her false ,他欺骗了她。（不忠实地,皆信弃义地）judge sb . falsely （错误地）The man was f alsely accused .（冤枉地）He treated me f alsely .（虚伪地）29） new 和 newlynew-fallen snow 新近）It is a newly built factory .（新近地）They are a newly mar ried couple .（最近）It is a newly-painted door ,（
38、重新，再一次）Note: new作别词用时,表示“新，新近”，常用于复合词中，同过去分词构成复合形京词,中间一般有连字符.再如：new-laid eggs新下的姿，new-found land新发现的大陆，new-born baby 新生婴儿.newplanted crops 新种的皮根.a new-found friend 新交的朋友。30） last 和 lastly大学美语语法讲座与测试（第二版）275二,构成last-born （最后）He came last .（录后地）When did you see her last ?（上一次，最后一次）Lastly, I want to th
39、ank the hostess for her consideration .（景后一点.最后。常位于句首，表示列率的最后一点）31） even 和 evenlyEven a child can say 什（甚至，即使）It is an even worse mistake .（卷至更）The goods are evenly distributed among them .（平均地）He spread the butter on the bread evenly .（均匀地）32） express 和 expresslyYou.d better send the letter express
40、.（用快件寄送）He came here express to see her.（符意地）I expressly told him what to do .（明确地，清斐.地）The book is expressly written for college students.（4门地）33） bright 和 brightlyThe stars shine bright.（明亮地，只能同shine连用，并放在shine后面）The lamps are shining brightly .（明亮地）The floor is brightly painted .俾艳地）34） full 和 fu
41、llysit full in the sun（直接地）hit sb . full on the nose （正好）He is f ully aware of it .（免全地）The children are fully fed .（充分地）I can.t fully describe her face .（确切地）Note:注意下面的习惯用头：full ripe全熟了，full many很多，full well很好.turn fullaround直转过来，look full at sb .直盯着祟人，full in the cent re 正当中,know fullwell非帝了斛。35）
42、just 和 justlyHe did什just for fun,（只是，伍仅）They just caught the bus.（勉强地，差一点就不）The moon has just come out .（印呼J）He lived just in this room .（正好,恰恰正是）She was t reated justly .（公正地）He was justly punished for the crimes .（应得地）36） dear 和 dearlyHe paid dear for the computer.（吊贵地）She sells her proper ty very
43、 dear .（高价地）He loves her dearly .（深精地）Victory was dearly bought .（昂贵地）He.d dearly like to see you .（非帝）Note:dear作“昂贵地”斛时，用其字母意义，常同sell, buy, pay, cost等连用，只能放在动词后面。dearly作“昂贵地”斛时，用其比冷意义。新/世/纪/美/语/丛/书276第六讲副词（2）hold something dear （cheap）珍视（轻视）*物.这里 dear 和 cheap 为形家词。37） sound 和 soundlyThe boy is stil
44、l sound asleep .（酣杨地）Their football team was soundly beaten by ours .（痛打，大败）Note:既可以说 sleep sound.也可以说 sleep soundly。38） direct 和 directlyHe flew direct to New York .（钱直地，表示路程或时间）They are not directly affected .（直接地）He answered me very directly .（直拗了当地）The bookstore is directly oppodte the shop .（正好
45、地）He will come directly .（马上，立刻）Note:既可以说 Answer me direct.也可以说 Answer me directly .39） inward 和 inwardlyThe door opened inward, not outward,（向内.向中心，只可放在动词后）bleed inwardly内出血（在内部）Inwardly, he doesn.t like her.（A 内心）He spoke inwardly .（小声地，喑自地）40） fine 和 finelyThe coat su什s me f ine . G艮好）He cut up t
46、he vegetable very f ine .（细小地）She is a f inely dressed woman .（雅致地）You did f inely ,（板好地）The prices have been f inely calculated .（仔细地）Note:比较不同的用法：fine-spoken说得好.fine-drawn画得好，fine-spun纷得细；finelyground pepper磨得很细的胡椒粉.finely chopped meat切得很细的内。41） foul 和 foullyHe played f oul.（造反规则地）He was foully murdered .（卑邳地）7.可用作制词的名词有些名词在一些固定词组中可用作副词，作状语。例如：bottle feed 人工限恭day dream 做白日梦pitch black漆黑的icecold 冰冷的stone deaf全天的dog tired累板的dir t