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1、小升初英语重点难点学习方法重点、难点1 .中小学英语的区别2.中学英语有效的学习方法具体内容2 .中小学英语的区别（1）学英语侧重于感性认识，而中学英语侧重于理性认识。（2）小学英语侧重于听说训练，而中学英语则是听说读写四大技能并重。（3）小学英语侧重于简单的交际用语，而中学英语不仅侧重于交际用语，而且同时要学习西方国家的文化，使语言成为跨文化交流的工具。3 .中学英语有效的学习方法学习方法是学习时采用的手段、方式和途径。学法是在学习过程中产生和运用的。掌握良好的方法是很重要的事，但又不是一件容易的事情，这需要付出的艰苦努力，需要持之以恒的精神。只有每天坚持不懈，日久天长，学习才可能成为自觉的
2、行为，从而掌握学习的主动权。所以，学习方法并不是什么捷径，它只是踏踏实实、刻苦学习的程序以及在这个学习过程中的各项具体措施。王国维有段为世人常常引用的名言：古今之成大事业大学问者，必须经过三种境界。“昨夜西风雕碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路，此第一景也；衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴，此第二景也；众里寻他千百度，蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处，此第三景也。”第一景说的是要有信心，“独上高楼”，非信心不可；第二景说的是要有决心，“终不悔”实在是最大之决心了。第三景说的是要有恒心，“众里寻他千百度”，没有恒心，如何达得到？古人说：“凡事预则立，不预则废。”智力相同的两个学生有无学习计划，直接影响到学习效
3、果。科学地利用时间，在有限的时间内有计划地学习，这是科学学习方法的一条重要原则。所以学习缺乏计划性是成绩难以提高的主要原因之一。要提高学习效率，变被动学习为主动学习，做学习的主人，应把握以下几个步骤：（-）抓好课前预习预习是学生学习过程中的一个重要环节，中学生感知具体知识材料的第一步。英语的预习，主要是指学习对有关英语知识或短文的阅读和思索。要取得较好的预习效果，就要提出明确的预习目标（内容）和采取具体的预习方法。预习目标（内容）应该包括课堂上老师要讲授的各方面的内容：读课文，记单词，掌握句式，理解内容等等。这个工作很好做，因为市面上的参考书很多，我相信大多同学手中都会有这类参考书。在参考书的
4、帮助下，这些内容你很快就能掌握。既然这样，那你也许会说，该掌握的内容参考书上都有了，那就更不用听课，自学就行了。我前面已提到了课堂教学与课外学习的区别，参考书只能教会你要掌握的知识，但我们的英语学习不能只停留在知识的掌握上，更重要的是学会如何学习英语，培养我们的英语听说能力。有很多家长和老师不大赞成学生过分依赖参考书。其实，只要善于利用参考书，参考书用好了，对学生的帮助是相当大的。课前预习是培养学生独立获得知识的前提，也是提高听课效率的可靠保证。预习可使学生初步熟悉教材，发现疑点和难点，找出自己的薄弱点，为下一步听讲作好充分的思想准备,并打下一定的基础。预习可分为单元预习和课前预习。新教材以单
5、元为单位进行编排，这里主要讲一下，如何进行单元预习：找出该单元的中心话题，即该单元的中心内容，可先看一下待预习的单元的大标题。明确本单元各课知识要点：如语法项目、句型及词汇等。找出本单元的疑难点。在预习时，要做好笔记；并在书上作记号，标明教材中的重点、难点、疑点；或者在笔记本上作记录：记录本单元的知识结构、重、难点和预习体会等。在预习过程中，边看、边想、边写，在书上适当勾画和写点批注。看完书后，最好能合上课本，独立回忆一遍，及时检查预习的效果，强化记忆。同时，可以初步理解教材的基本内容和思路，找出重点和不理解的问题，尝试作笔记，把预习笔记作为课堂笔记的基础。我国古代军事家孙子有一句名言：“知己
6、知彼，百战不殆。”这是指对自己和自己的对手有了充分的了解之后，才可能有充分的准备，也才可能克敌制胜。预习就是“知己知彼”的准备工作，就好像赛跑的枪声。虽然赛跑规则中不允许抢跑，但是在学习中却没有这一规定，不但允许抢跑，而且鼓励抢跑。做好预习学习，就是要抢在时间的前面，使学习由被动变为主动。简言之，预习就是上课前的自学，也就是在老师讲课前，自己先独立地学习新课内容，使自己对新课有初步理解和掌握的过程。预习抓得扎实，可以大大提高学习效率。第二步是掌握听讲的正确方法。处理好听讲与作笔记的关系,重视课堂讨论，不断提高课堂学习效果。（二）学会课堂听讲要想学好一门功课，听课是关键。一位优秀的老师，在课堂上
7、传授的不仅是知识，同时还教会学生如何学习。正所谓授之鱼，不如授之于渔。英语教学注重培养学生的听说读写能力，这种综合能力的培养，只有在课堂教学中才能充分体现出来。学生在课堂上，接受的不只是每篇课文所要掌握的单词、文章中出现的新的短语、句式等知识点，更重要的是，通过老师在课堂上的讲解和引导，学会如何通过对课文的阅读和学习，感悟英语表达的方式、情感，把握英语表达的特点、规律。英语成绩的好坏，从某种意义上来说，就是取决于课堂上短短的45分钟的听课效率。听课效率高，可以收到事半功倍的效果。学生必须上好课、听好课，首先做好课前准备，包括心理上的准备、知识上的准备、物质上的准备、身体上的准备等；其次要专心听
8、讲，尽快进入学习状态，参与课堂内的全部学习活动，始终集中注意力；第三要学会科学地思考问题，重理解，不要只背结论，要及时弄清教材思路和教师讲课的条理，要大胆设疑，敢于发表自己的见解，善于多角度验证答案；第四学生还要及时做好各种标记、批语，有选择地记好笔记。上课是学生在学校学习的基本形式，学生在校的大部分时间是在课堂上度过的。根据教学大纲的规定，一个学生在中学上课的总数大约有二万多节。把每节课四十五分钟积累起来这将是多么惊人的时间数字啊！学习成绩的优劣，固然取决于多种因素，但如何对待每一堂课则是关键。要取得较好的成绩，首先就必须利用课堂上的四十五分钟，提高听课效率。听课时应做到以下四点：1 .认真
9、聆听老师的讲解，带着问题听课；2 .把握住老师讲课的思路、重点、要点；3 .养成边听讲、边思考、边总结、边记忆的习惯，力争当堂消化、巩固知识；4 .积极、踊跃参与课堂教学，积极、主动回答老师提问。课堂上应该认真听讲，努力在课内解决在预习中的问题，并作好课堂笔记，把教师提供例句、材料等备份下来，以便复习时可以查阅。然后要注意一些语言在特定环境中的运用，特别是习惯表达法的运用。在运用中，要主动地用英语回答、讨论和提出问题，并注意角色扮演或做游戏等活动。有一小部分的学生怕害羞、怕出差错，不敢开口讲，尤其是当教师邀请他们在班上用英语进行对话或表演时，他们主动参与更少。俗话说：没有缺点，就不会进步。从缺
10、点中得到知识。所以，学生应该注意模仿并主动与教师配合，做一名好演员。不要怕出错，但忌重错。还有整理错题集，进行一次、二次练习。笔者认为：今天不会说，明天会说，是进步；今天说得少，明天说得多，进步更大；别人这样表达，你能那样表达，你就有了创新。只有大胆实践、体会，才能得到巩固提高。（三）加强课后复习复习是预习和上课的继续，它将完成预习和上课所没有完成的任务，这就是在复习过程中达到对知识的深刻理解和掌握,在理解和掌握知识的过程中提高运用的技能技巧，进而在运用知识的过程中，使知识融会贯通，举一反三，并且通过归纳、整理达到系统化，使知识真正消化吸收，成为自己知识链条中的一个有机组成部分。在复习过程中，
11、既调动了大脑的活动，又提高了分析问题和解决问题的能力，知识也在理解的基础上得到巩固记忆。从某种意义上讲，知识掌握如何,由复习效果而定。孔子日：“学而时习之”“温故而知新”。学过的东西，如果不及时复习，过上了一段时间后，就会产生遗忘。在复习时，要注意知识的重现率，加强新旧知识之间的联系和对比,及时复习巩固，尽量把当天学到的知识当天就予以掌握和巩固。因此，复习是克服遗忘的最有效的方法。“运用”是最能激发人的探索精神的。语言的学习只有在运用中才能得以巩固和提高。在复习某些词语、句型时，不妨造一个句子、写一段或几小段互相联系的短文，尽量把学过的词组、短语、句子编织在短文中。再者同学间可以出话题，进行写
12、作，互相批改。也可以互出易错题，交换答题。这样的用与练是最好的运用和记忆的。中国的学生学习英语，缺少使用英语的环境，这就要求学生要充分利用课外时间去寻找或设立一定的语境，积极地主动去学习和运用英语。只要能做到以上几点，我们相信，英语成绩一定会大大提高。（四）独立完成作业独立思考、认真作业、理解提高是学生对待作业的正确态度。首先要做好作业的准备工作，把预习、上课、课后复习衔接起来；其次要审好作业题、善于分析和分解题目；第三要理清解题的思路，准确表达，独立完成作业；第四要学会检查，掌握英语作业的特点，及时进行自我订正。托尔斯泰说过：“知识只有当它靠积极思维得来的时候，才是真正的知识。”无论学哪一门
13、功课，课堂上老师讲的，笔记本上记的，课外阅读的等等，都是书本上的知识，要把他们转化为自己的知识，使自己能够自如地运用，就必须通过作业实践来转化。究竟为什么要做作业呢？作业的作用主要有：1 .检查课堂上学习的效果；2 .加深对知识的理解和记忆；3 .提高思维和表达的能力；4 .为理解、复习、记忆积累资料；在作业时，“审题”是非常重要的。怎样审题呢？1 .要看清要求。失之一厘，差之千里。2 .要善于解剖。深刻领会其中的含义。3 .要把握联系。运用相关知识解析之。（五）参与课外活动要逐步掌握科学的学习规律，包括打好基础，循序渐进，温故知新。搞好课外学习，包括主动进行课外阅读，积极参加社会英语活动，包
14、括参加城市英语角，抓住一切机会及时用英语跟同学交流，跟会英语的人交流，跟外国朋友交流。这些，都有利于提高自己的英语水平，提高自己的英语表达能力。课外学习还能有效地使课内所学知识与社会生产实践、生活实际密切地联系起来，帮助同学们加深对课内所学知识的理解，扩大英语学习的眼界，拓宽思路，激发求知欲望和学习兴趣，培养自学能力与习惯，增长英语交流的才干。这也就是常说的：“课内打基础，课外显才干”。总之，课前预习要确定目标，课堂听讲要真正领悟，课后作业要独立完成，课外学习要主动积极。除此之外，还要不断总结优化自己的学习方法，努力探索适合自己个性的学习方法，为学好英语，用好英语，打下坚实的基础。【模拟试题】
15、一.选择填空。()1. Mr. Crisp is English teacher, but Mrs.Sue is teacher of English.A. an ； an B. an ； a C. a ； a()2.Good morning, Miss Williams.一How do you do?A. Nice to see you! B. How do you do. C. Fine, thank you.()3.What s this in English?A. This is a bag. B. It is bag. C. It s a bag.()4. What are and
16、? A. she ； him B. her ； he C. she ； he()5. old are you? A. How B. WhatC. how()6. What s that English? A. a B. an C. in()7. can I get to the Great Wall. A. What B. How C. Do()8. is the post office? A. What B. How C.Where()9. Can you count from zero ten? A. up B. to C. down()10. your mother a teacher?
17、 A. Are B. IsC. Am二.写出反义词。1. get off 2. close 3.right4. here 5. downstairs 6. early 7. after 8. sit 9. bad 10. go三.请找出下列句子中的错误，并改成正确的句子。1. He is a old man.2. I haven t find my cat.3. I reading a story book.4. He name is Jack.5. Don, t is late next time.四.根据问句写答语。Ann： Hello. What * s your name?You： A
18、nn： My name is Ann. How are you?You： Ann： I m fine. I am fromEngland. Where are you from?【试题答案】一.1. B 2. B 3. C 4. CB二.1. get on 2. open 3. late 7. before 8. stand 三.1. He is an old man.2. I can t find my cat./ I haven* t found my cat (yet).You：Ann： That s interesting.Is your city big or small?You：A
19、nn ： I m from London.It s a big city. See you later! Bye!You：5. A 6.C 7. B 8. C 9. B 10.left 4. there 5. upstairs 6.9. good 10. comebook.4. His name is Jack.5. Don, t be late next time.3. I m reading a story小升初英语衔接班第2讲交际用语重点、难点：按交际项目分类总结交际用语具体内容：(一)祝愿、祝贺和应答(Good wishes, congratulations and responses
20、)1. Well done and congratulations to you.Thanks very much.2. 一I hope you11 succeed in everything.一So do I.3. 一I wish you success.一Thank you.4. We send you our best wishes.一Thank you very much.5. 一Happy new year !Happy new year!(The same to you.)6. A merry Christmas to you.一Thank you.7. I hope you11
21、have a good time.一Thank you.8. Happy Birthday!一Thank you.(二)邀请和应答(Invitations and responses)1. 一Would you like to come to the party?Oh yes, thank you.2. 一I hope you can come to the dance next Saturday.I m sorry, but I can1 t.3. 一Will you go dancing with us?一Of course. I11 be glad to.4. 一Will you com
22、e to our English Evening?Yes, thank you.5. 一Would you please give us a talk on English Learning?一OK. When?6. You and your friends must come over to my house and see mooncakes.一OK. Thank you very much.(三)表示同意和不同意(Expressing agreement and disagreement)1. 一I think the shop is closed at this time of day
23、.一No, I think it s open.2. I think foreign languages are more interesting than science.一I really can, t agree with you. I prefer science.3. I think I shall read a book instead.一Good idea. That s much better than watching a bad TV Programme.4. I don t think that it s true. He* s always telling strang
24、e stories.一I know. But this time I can, t decide if he is right or not.5. I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.Maybe. But I prefer art.6. 一Don t think in Chinese when you re speaking English.一You are quite right.(四)道歉和应答(Apologies and responses)1. 一Sorry to trouble you.That s all r
25、ight.2. Oh, I am so sorry.That * s quite all right.3. I m sorry to give you so much trouble.一No trouble at all.4. I m sorry. I lost the key to your bike.It doesn t matter.5. 一Sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.It doesn t matter.6. 一You haven t paid for it yet.Oh, I m really very sorry.(五
26、)劝告和建议(Advice and suggestions)1. The park isn t far from here. Shall we walk there?一OK.2. You, d better close the windows. It s cold in the room.一All right.3. 一If you are not better by then, I11 take you to see the doctor.一OK. Thank you very much.4. You must look after yourself and keep healthy.Yes,
27、 I will. Thanks.5. 一The museum is very far from here. Let s catch a bus, shall we?一OK. Lets catch a bus.6. You must remember the saying： Whatever you do, do it well.Thank you for your advice.（六）打电话（Making telephone calls）1. 一Hello!一Hello, Bill?一No, this is Sam.Hi, Sam. This is Mike. How are you?2. 一
28、Heilo.Hello. May I speak to Mr. Green?3. 一No.5 Middle School.一Mr. Green, please.一 I m sorry. Mr. Green is not in.一When will he be back?About six this afternoon.All right. Ill ring again then.一Very well.4. 一Hello!一Hello, Han Mei. Could I borrow your Chinese-English Dictionary please?一Sorry! It s not
29、a very good line. Could you speak more loudly?Could I borrow your Chinese-English dictionary?一Sure. I11 bring it to you tomorrow.一Thank you. Goodbye.（七）请求允许和应答（Asking for permission andresponses)1. Please let me help you.No, thanks. I can carry it.2. 一Can I see your licence, please?OK.3. 一May I call
30、 you James?一Of course, if you wish.4. 一Could I borrow a pen, please?一Of course. With pleasure.5. 一Excuse me. May I use your dictionary?Yes, here you are.6. May I ask you several questions?Yes, of course.(A)提供和应答(Offers and responses)1. 一May I help you?Oh yes, thank you.2. Let me help you with the ba
31、gs.Well, I can manage all right. Thanks just the same.3. Can we help you?一I want to go to hospital. But I can, t. My leg hurts.4. Must I clean the classroom now?Oh, you needn* t.5. 一Would you like a cup of tea?Yes, please.6. 一What can I do for you?I d like to have anEnglish-English dictionary.(九)问路和
32、应答(Asking the way and responses)1. 一Excuse me. Where is the washroom, please?一Oh, it * s over there.2. 一Excuse me. Can you tell me where the bookshop is?一Look! It s on the other side of the road.3. How far is the post office, please?一Only a few kilometers.4. Will you please tell me the way to the ra
33、ilway station?Go down this street. At the end of the road you*11 see it.5. 一Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the supermarket?Go straight along this road. Then go over the bridge and turn right at the bookshop. You11 find it.(十)购物(Shopping)1. 一What can I do for you?一I d like some apples.
34、2. 一Where can I buy some stationery?一Let s look at the shopping guide. Oh, it s on the ground Floor.3. 一Could I buy half a kilo oranges?一Certainly. Here you are.4. 一Will you please show me that radio?一Certainly.5. 一How much is the radio?一Ninety yuan.6. 一Good morning, sir. May I help you?Yes, I d lik
35、e to buy a sweater.(H )谈论天气(Talking about the weather)1. 一It s a fine day for a walk.一Yes, the air is nice and clean.2. Oh dear! It s very cold today.一Yes, you need to wear warmer clothes.3. 一What s the weather like today?一It s fine.4. 一What s the weather like in your country now?It s very hot.5. Lo
36、vely weather, isn t it?一Yes, isn t it?6. I missed the weather report this morning. Did you hear it?一Yes. It said it would be partly cloudy today, with a strong wind from the northwest.(十二)时间或日期和应答(Asking the time or date and responses)1. Hi, Mary. What time is it now?一It s about three.2. 一What day i
37、s it today?一It s Wednesday.3. 一Excuse me. Could you tell me what time the plane leaves?一Certainly. It leaves at ten in the evening.4. 一What * s the time? My watch has stopped.一Let me see. Its five to ten.5. 一Excuse me. Have you got the time?Yes, it s six twenty.6. 一Excuse me. Could you tel 1 me the
38、time?一Oh sorry, I don t have my watch with me.(十三)约会(Making appointments)1. Are you free next Wednesday evening? I want to go to the cinema with you?一Yes, I d like to.2. 一When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?一I don, t mind. Either time is OK.3. 一Are you free later today?一Sorry, I m f
39、ree every day except today.4. 一Are you able to come tomorrow morning?一I think so.5. 一Are you free this afternoon?一Oh no. Will this evening be all right?6. 一I m busy today. What about tomorrow afternoon?一That would be fine. Shall we make it nine oclock?(十四)禁止和警告(Prohibition and warnings)1. 一Don t cli
40、mb that ladder! It s broken.一OK.Thank you.2. 一Look out! There s a car coming.一Oh, thank you.3. 一You mustn, t play on the street. It s dangerous.一No, we won, t.4. 一Don t touch the machine when it is working.一 No, I won, t. Thank you.5. You are not allowed to smoke here.Oh, I m sorry.6. 一You can, t wa
41、lk your dog in the park.一Oh, I m sorry. I11 never do it again.(十五)看病(Seeing the doctor)1. 一I m feeling tired, doctor.Have a good rest and then you*11 feel better.2. How are you feeling today?I m feeling even worse.3. Doctor, she is not feeling well.一Nothing serious, I hope.4. 一Doctor, do I have to t
42、ake the medicine before or after meals?一Three times a day after meals.5. What s the matter?I ve got a headache.6. 一What s your trouble?一I ve had a pain in my stomach since morning.【模拟试题】()1.一How s everything going on?A. Everything is finished D. Not doing wrong； youB. Everything is wellknowC. Not so
43、 bad, you know()2.Hello, Kate. How was your birthday?.What about yours?A. Very well, thank youC. It * s great, thanksB. Happily, in LondonD. I m pleasure()3.I m sorry I broke your mirror.一Oh, really?A. It * s Ok with me B. Don, t be sorryC. I don, t care at allD. It doesn, t matter()4.I m sorry to t
44、rouble you.A. The same to you.C. It doesn t matter.B. What a pity! Im sorry What is it?to hear that.()5. 一Hi, Tom, John parents.A. That s kind of him.B. That s kind of you.()6. Thank you everD. Thanks a lot. sends his regards to yourC. Of course.D. How are you?so much for the book yousent me.A. No t
45、hanks, please.C.Please don, t say so.B. Im glad you likeit.D.No, it s not so good.()7.一You need my help?A. No, thanks.C.No, it s very kind ofB. Yes, but I don, t need you.your help.D. Yes, but I can manage.()8.May I draw it now?A. Yes, thanks.B. You are welcome.C. Do, please. D. Yes, you may.()9.一Pl
46、ease pass me the dictionary.A. That s right. B. Here you are.C. Not at all. D. It s a pleasure.)10.Would you like me to fetch you somethingto read?A. Go ahead, please.C. That would be nice. D.()11. 一Would you do me me?A. Oh, it s very kind you.B. That s a good idea.()12.Shall we go to see Mr.afterno
47、on?A. It * s very kind of you.B. You are all right.()13. 一Would you mind, but I think you A. Yes, pleaseB. No problem.Youre welcome.the honour of dancing withC. Id love to, but I am wanted on the phone.D. Thank you all the same. Green tomorrowC. That s great.D. It doesn, t matter.if I smoke here?d better do it over there.C. Certainly notB. Im sorryD. No, go ahead()14.Wouldn