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1、-第 1 页同位语从句讲解同位语从句讲解及练习及练习-第 2 页同位语从句同位语从句辨认同位语从句辨认同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1.1.名词作同位语名词作同位语Mr.Wang,my childs teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2.2.短语作同位语短语作同位语I,the oldest g
2、irl in the family,always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3.3.直接引语作同位语直接引语作同位语But now the question comes to their minds,“Did she die young because she wasa clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4.4.句子作同位语句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sa
3、il up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语从句用法一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有 newsnews，ideaidea，factfact，promisepromise，questionquestion，doubtdoubt，thoughtthought，hopeho
4、pe，messagemessage，suggestionsuggestion，wordswords（消息（消息），possibilitypossibility 等等。（承诺信息主意（承诺信息主意是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力是事实；疑问想法与问题；希望消息建议是潜力。）Ive come from Mr.Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you thisafternoon 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。在某些名词表在某些名词表“建议，命令，要求等建议，命令，要求等”(如如 demand,demand
5、,wish,wish,suggestion,suggestion,resolutionresolution 等等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气（即（即 should+should+动词原形；动词原形；shouldshould 可省）可省）There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词同位语从句前名词的数：同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word(word 除外除
6、外)加以修饰。加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？二二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 thatthat，whether,whether,连接代词连接代词 whatwhat，whowho。连接副词连接副词 how,how,when,when,wherewhere 等等。（注：（注：if,if,whichwhich 不能引导同位语从句不能引导同位语从句。）1.1.连词连词 thatthat 引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的 tha
7、tthat 不能省略）不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作 idea 的同位语）【注意】引导同位语从句的连词 that 通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2.2.连词连词 whetherwhether 引导同
8、位语从句（注：引导同位语从句（注：ifif 不能引导同位语从句）不能引导同位语从句）-第 3 页The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。3.3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句其它引导词引导的同位语从句A A、连接代词、连接代词 what,what,who,who,whom,whom,who
9、sewhose 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what 作定语）2).The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who 作主语）B B、连接副词、连接副词 when,when,where,where,how,how,whywhy 引导同位语从句引导同位语从句We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacati
10、on.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。l have no idea When he will be back我不知道他什么时候回来。My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想起可能敌
11、人已经逃出城了。Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别1.1.意义的不同意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
12、We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是 that he will come，故 that 引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故 that 从句为定语从句)2.2.被修饰词语的区别被修饰词语的区别A A 定语从句的先行词是名词或代词定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词而同位
13、语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于而且仅限于 ideaidea，planplan，factfact，theorytheory，promisepromise，hopehope，newsnews，doubtdoubt，truthtruth，informationinformation，suggestionsuggestion，questionquestion，thoughtthought，beliefbelief，conclusionconclusion 等少数名词。等少数名词。例如：The boy who is playing football is my classmateThose who
14、 work hard will succeedThe fact that he had not said anything surprised everybodyThe fact that you are talking about is important在句中，划线部分是定语从句，其先行词是名词 boy，它不能用作同位语从句的先行词。在句中，划线部分也是定语从句，其先行词是代词 those，代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词。-第 4 页在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，其先行词是名词 fact，它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词，句便是一例。由以上分析可见，同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先
15、行词，但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。B Bwhenwhen，wherewhere，whywhy 引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。例如：I still remember the day when I first came to BeijingI have no idea when she will be back在句中，划线部分是 when 引导的定语从句，
16、其先行词 day 是表示时间的名词；在句中，划线部分是 when 引导的同位语从句，其先行词 idea 则不是表示时间的名词。3.3.引导词的不同引导词的不同定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个：thatthat，whenwhen，wherewhere，whywhy。下面把四个。下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。A A引导词引导词 thatthat引导定语从句的引导定语从句的 thatthat 叫做关系代词叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成还在定语
17、从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的 thatthat 叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。不能省略。例如：The news that you told me yesterday was really excitingWe heard the news that our team had won在句中，划线部分是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词 news。在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，that 没有任何意义，只起连接作用。that 引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导
18、定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us 中的 that就充当 told 的宾语。B B引导词引导词 whenwhen，wherewhere，whywhy引导定语从句时引导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词它们叫做关系副词，在从句中充当状语在从句中充当状语，可以转换成可以转换成 介词关系代介词关系代词词 的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成的形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成 介词关系代词介词关系代词 的形式。的形式。例如：I will never f
19、orget the day when I joined the armyWe have no idea when she was born在句中，划线部分是定语从句，when 在从句中作状语，它可以转换成 on which 的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，when 在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。This is the house where I lived two years agoHe put forward to the question where the meeting would be held在句中，划线部分是定语从句，where 在从句中作状语，它可以转
20、换成 in which 的形式；在句中，划线部分是同位语从句，where 在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。-第 5 页This is the reason why she will not attend the meetingThe teacher had no idea why Jack was absent在句中，划线部分是定语从句，why 在从句中作状语，它可以转换成 for which 的形式；在句 中，划线部分是同位语从句，why 在从句中充当状语，但不能转换成介词关系代词的形式。同位语从句同位语从句-相关语法相关语法1 1、同位语从句在句中的位置、同位语从句在句中
21、的位置1.1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如如 newsnews，ideaidea，factfact，promisepromise，hopehope，messagmessage e等等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you thisafternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语
22、法上叫有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。2 2、同位语从句前名词的数、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词(word(word 除外除外)加以修饰。加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I coul
23、d not come？你在哪儿听说我不能来？3 3、同位语从句的语气、同位语从句的语气在在 suggestionsuggestion，adviceadvice，requestrequest，orderorder 等意为等意为“建议建议；命令命令；要求要求”的名词后的名词后，同同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“shouldshould+动词原形动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的的虚拟语气结构，句中的 shouldshould 可以可以省略。省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.老师给
24、我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。4 4、同位语从句的先行词、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea,idea,situationsituation thought,thought,fact,fact,evidence,evidence,belief,belief,doubt,doubt,fear,fear,hope,hope,question,question,theory,theory,news,news,order,order,abilityability 等等等等。How did the cheats expl
25、ain the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothesin him?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?代词代词 itit 可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个 itit 常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语，同时兼作其后同时兼作其后 thatthat 同位语从句的先行词。同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive.幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词有的语法学家把先行词 itit 后的后的 thattha
26、t 从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种这种 itit 后的后的 thatthat 从句应看作从句应看作 itit 的同位语，因为它相当于的同位语，因为它相当于“主语主语+be+be+表语表语”结构。结构。You must see to it that the children dont catch cold.(=You must see to it,and It is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。5 5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I wil
27、l come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析：短语 On condition,on supposition,on the ground(s),on the understanding,with the exception,in spite of the fact,on the assumption 及句式 There BE+nodoubt(hope,chance,possibility,)后的 that 从句为同位语从句。-第 6 页练习题练习题1.His success was because of _ he had b
28、een working hard.A.thatB.the fact whichC.the fact thatD.the fact2.Is Mary from New York City I dont know _.A.from what city does she come fromB.from what city she comeC.what city does she come fromD.what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever4.The
29、reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A.because I gotB.because of gettingC.I gotD.that I got5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A.while B.that C.if D.for6.Henry killed the dog.Ill ask him why _.A.did he do that B.he did thatC.he did D.he has done so7.Have you seen Henry la
30、tely My boss wants to know _.A.how he is getting alongB.how is he getting alongC.what he is getting alongD.what is he getting along8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever9.He asked me _ with me.A.what is the trouble B.what wro
31、ng wasC.what was the matter D.what trouble it is10.I am sure _ he said is true.A.that B.about that C.of that D.that what11.When and why he came here _ yet.A.is not known B.are not knownC.has not known D.have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A.does the watch cost B.did the watch costC.the watch costed D
32、.the watch costs13.Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A.afraid ofB.afraid aboutC.afraid thatD.afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes lateB.Owing to a few minutes lateC.The fact that she was a few minutes lateD.Being a few minutes late-第 7 页15.They came to t
33、he conclusion _ by a computer.A.that not all things can be doneB.because of not all things be doneC.being not all things can be doneD.because not all things can be done16.Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had beencareless.A.for B.because C.since D.that17.I dont doubt _ hell c
34、ome.A.that B.if C.what D.whether18.Why did you go to the wrong class,Mr.Wang Well,I forget _ I was supposed to go to.A.which the room B.which room C.what was the room D.what room was it19.Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A.that B.which C.what D.of which20.Mary:Helen is a mere washe
35、r woman,yet shes now buying a big house.Carol:Yes.Because shes always saved _.A.what little she earns B.how little she earnsC.for little she earns D.with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play theviolin so well.A.That.what B.What.that C.That.which D.What.w
36、hich22.We gave him _ help we could.A.which B.what C.that D.this23.She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A.that B.which C.all what D.all that24.Excuse me would you please tell me _A.when the sports meet is taken placeB.when is the sports meet going to be heldC.when is th
37、e sports meet to beginD.when the sports meet is to take place25.Do you happen to know _A.what size shoes he wearsB.how big shoes he wearsC.what is the size of his shoesD.what number shoes are his26.This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A.how you have observedB.how what you have obs
38、ervedC.that you have observedD.how that you have observed27.Where do you think _A.has he goneB.has he beenC.hes goneD.was he-第 8 页28.Do you know _A.how many populations there are in the worldB.how much population there is in the worldC.how many the population of the world isD.what the population of
39、the world is29.Would you go and see _ outsideA.what to take place B.what Tom has happenedC.what is happening D.what the matter had been30.The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him.is_.A.what B.interesting C.What is interesting D.I31._ I think he is Charles.A.Who do you think
40、he isB.Do you think who he isC.Whom do you think he isD.Do you think who he is32.He didnt know which room _.A.they lived B.they lived inC.did they live D.did they live in33.The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A.that B.which C.whatever D.no matter what34.The city is no longer _.A.what it is B.th
41、at it used to be C.which it was D.what it used to be35.My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A.which B.that C.what D.all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A.If.do B.That.doC.If.does D.That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought ofA.What.that B.That.what C.How.why D.
42、Why.how38._ did he tell his wife _ he wished to doA.That.what B.What.that C.Where.which D.Which.where39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what thatB.that whatC.that whichD.which that40.I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A.if B.that C.whether D.which41.Do you know
43、 _ His father is a doctor.A.what is his father B.who is his fatherC.what his father is D.who his father is42.Is this _ we met each other two years agoA.place B.place in which C.where D.place which43.It _ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that44.We all know
44、the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight there are living things.A.where B.wherever C.that D.that wherever-第 9 页45.They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whether46.She asked _.A.what I was doing when she rang me upB.what was I doing when she rang me
45、upC.when she rang me up what I was doingD.when did she ring me up what I was doing47.-May I borrow the ring-You can take _ you like.A.no matter what B.which C.whichever D.that48.He said that he was fond of _.A.what beautiful is B.what is beautifulC.beautiful is what D.what it is beautiful49.He insis
46、ted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A.was,be sent B.is,is sent C.be,was sent D.be,send50.Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA.who B.whom C.that D.whose51.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A.if B.that C.whether D.how52.They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _
47、it was a holiday.A.except B.except for C.except that D.but for53._ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A.Whichever is hard B.No matter what is hardC.What is hard D.All what is hard54._ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A.That B.What C.How D.Which55.As the day was fi
48、ne,I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A.we go B.we will go C.should we go D.that we go56._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what57._ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether58.You cant imagine _ when they rec
49、eived these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they wereC.how excited were they D.they were how excited59._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where60_he really means is _he disagrees with us.A.What that B.That whatC.Why that D.If what6
50、1._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A.That B.Why C.How D.Who62._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A.When B.Why C.What D.That-第 10 页63._the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A.IfB.WhereC.That D.What64._he wont go there is clear