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1、-第 1 页英语五大基本句型英语五大基本句型导学案导学案-第 2 页英语五大基本句型导学案英语五大基本句型导学案学习目标学习目标1.掌握五大基本句型的用法。.2.培养学生运用语言能力。自学指导（句子成分）自学指导（句子成分）（一（一）定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语谓语、助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词名词、代词代词、
2、数词数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.（）We often speak English in class.（）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（）Smoking does harm to the health.（）The rich s
3、hould help the poor.（）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（）（三（三）谓语谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语谓语，一般放在主语主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the
4、book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四（四）表语表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词系动词（如 be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem 等）之后。表语一般由名词名词、代词代词、形容词形容词、分词分词、数词数词、不定式不定式、动名词动名词、介词介词短语、副词及表语从句短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（）Is it yours?（）The weather ha
5、s turned cold.（）The speech is exciting.（）Three times seven is twenty one?（）His job is to teach English.（）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（）The machine must be out of order.（）Time is up.The class is over.（）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（）（五）宾语：（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词及物动词和介词后面。例如
6、：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（）How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（）He pretended not to see me.（）I enjoy listening to popular music.（）I think（that）he is fit for
7、 his office.（）宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如 make 等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him
8、Dongming.（）They painted their boat white.（）Let the fresh air in.（）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（）We saw her entering the room.（）We found everything in the lab in good order.（）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（）（七）定语：（七）定语：修饰名词或代词名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin i
9、s a beautiful city.（）China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（）He is r
10、eading an article about how to learn English.（）（八（八）状语状语：修饰动词动词、形容词形容词、副词副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（）He has lived in the city for ten years.（）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（）He is in the room making a model plane.（）-第 3 页Wa
11、it a minute.（）Once you begin,you must continue.（）牛刀小试：一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.
12、7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you h
13、ave anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.展示点拨展示点拨英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓
14、）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型一一+（主谓）（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。这些动词常见的有：take place,happen,break out,appear,disappear,apologize,arrive,come,die,exist,fall,rise,hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等等。（2）有些动词如 wash,sell,burn，write,clean,draw,coo
15、k,read 等等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。1.Timeflies.2.The moonrose.3.The mancooked.4.We alleat,and drink.5.Everybodylaughed?6.Iwoke.7.Theytalked for half an hour.8.Hewalked yesterday9.Heis playing10.Theyhave gone基本句型基本句型二二+（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动
16、词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound 等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go 等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand（3）形容词，名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词都可以放在某些连系动词后做表语。（是系动词）(表语)1.Thisisan English dictionary.2.The dinnersmells(闻)good.3.Hefellhappy.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heista
17、ll and strong.6.The bookisinteresting.7.The weatherbecamewarmer.8.His faceturnedred.基本句型基本句型三三-第 4 页+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）(宾语)Whoknowsthe answers?Shelaugh atherHeunderstandsEnglishHemadecakesTheyatesome applesDannylikesdonutsI
18、wantto have a cup of teaHesaid“Good morning”3 主语 谓语宾语这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：（1）我要一杯茶。（2）他喜欢每天练习口语。（3）我昨天看了一部名叫 Gone With The Wind 的电影。注意注意：只能跟不定式不定式做宾语的动词有：afford，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine,fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pre
19、tend，promise，refuse，seek，wish，arrange，learn，etc.动词之后只能跟动名词动名词做宾语:acknowledge（承认），admit，appreciate（感激），avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit（放弃），risk，stand，suggest，advise 等；动词短语有：go on，give up，put off，feel like 等。练习：(1)你能想象他通过这次考试了吗？(imagine)（2）
20、你做完作业了吗？(finish)（3）我们必须避免再犯这样的错误。avoid（4）你介不介意我在这吸烟？mind基本句型基本句型四四+IO+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。4.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。这类词常有 pass,give,offer,bring,buy，show,teach,ask 等这种句型
21、还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 宾语 for sb.(buy,)；2)动词 宾语to sb.(give,offer,show)如：测试题：（1）昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车做为生日礼物。_（2）请把你的画给我。_（3）他问了我一个奇怪的问题。_5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语所谓宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的。通常放在宾语的后面。如：The news made me excited.这里 excited 就是 me 的宾语补足语。1）、不定式作宾补A A.不定式前带不定式前带 toto常用的动词有:advise,cause,allow,drive,encourage,expect,for
22、ce,intend,invite,permit,tell,trust,urge,persuade,remind,teach,want,warn,get,ask,forbid,beg,require,tempt,enable,lead,等,以及表示 情感状态的动词 love,like,prefer,hate 等后面跟带 to 的不定式作补语.汉译英练习：1.他叫我跟他一起去逛街。2.村民们不允许他们做这。(allow)3.老师告诉他今晚六点钟过来这里。4.他说服了弟弟上床睡觉。5.玛丽提醒我要准时参加会议6.爸爸警告我不要吸烟。B B.不定式前不带不定式前不带 toto表示 感觉的动词 see,
23、hear,watch,notice,observe,feel 等和三个表示 致使的动词 make,have,let 后面跟不带 to 的不定式作补语.小试身手：1.我听到了他在房间里唱歌。2.我让他打扫了教室。3.我注意到他走进了那家工厂。C.不定式为 to be在一些动词后面的宾语补足语常是 to be，如：believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose,feel,think,understand 等等。汉译英1.这个答案证明是错的。2.我认为他是一个好学生。-第 5 页2）、分词作宾补分词作宾语补足语时，如果分词与宾语构成主
24、谓关系，用现在分词；如果构成动宾关系，则用过去分词。常用分词作宾语补足语的动词有：find,feel,get,have,hear,keep,notice,see,watch，make,leave 等。练习：1.我让机器整个晚上在运转。have_2.我听到我的名字被人叫。hear_3.我注意到杯子碎了。notice_4.老师让学生一直在阅读课文。(keep)_5.我让门锁着。（keep）_3）、形容词作宾补常用形容词作宾补的动词有:keep,leave,find,make,feel,think,consider 等1.学生要保持课室清洁。2.不要留着门开着。3.我发觉这本书很有趣。4.我觉得跟他
25、聊天很有趣。4）、名词作宾补常用名词作宾补的动词有：find,name,call,elect,make,choose 等例如：The couple named the child TomWe choose him monitor5）、由 as 构成的短语作宾补常用 as 构成的短语作宾补的动词有：consideras,treatas,regardas,look onas,haveas,takeas,think ofas 等6There be 句型此句型是由 there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引
26、导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，现在有there is/are 过去有there was/were将来有there will be/there is/are going to be.可能有there might be.肯定有there must be/there must have been.过去一直有there used to be 似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有时不用 be 动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,
27、lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。合作探究合作探究：（小组合作，快乐学习）判断以下句子属于哪种类型1.I heard the girl playing the piano in the next room。2.There used to be a well in the village.3.He has lived in the cottage for over 15years.3.what he said made me angry.4.The soup tastes delicious.5.The teacher saw two boys play football on
28、 the playground.5Mr Smith invited me to have dinner yesterday。6.The old man is telling the children a story.7.In front of our teaching building stand some trees.8.we should respect our tacher.9.The sun rises in the east.10.I had my bike repaired last week.当堂检测当堂检测1.I am sorry to have kept you _.A.wa
29、itB.to waitC.waitingD.waited2.She found her dog _over by a car on the road.A.runB.ranC.to runD.running3.Rose is going to have her hair _.A.doB.doneC.didD.doing4.She felt somebody _her.A.touchedB.touchesC.touchD.to touch5.She taught him _speak English.A.howB.how could heC.how he couldD.how to-第 6 页6.
30、He didnt enjoy the play because he _.A.was boringB.boredC.was boredD.boring7.I will make your dream _.A.comes trueB.to come trueC.coming trulyD.come true8.He warned _home.A.us to not goB.us not to goC.we not goD.us not go9.Canned food does not go _.A.bed easilyB.badly easyC.bad easyD.badly easily10.
31、The sad news kept her _all the night.A.awakeB.wakenC.wakeD.to wake拓展提高拓展提高1.I think _a bad habit to get up late.A.thatB.itC.thisD.its2.He found his money _.A.stealB.stealingC.stolenD.to steal3.Roses in bloom smell _.A.sweetlyB.sweetC.sweetenD.sweetness4.We must have the machine _.A.to repairB.repair
32、ingC.repairD.repaired5.She was lying in the sofa _a book.A.readingB.readC.to readD.to reading6.A television set will keep us _of the news of the day.A.informB.to informC.informedD.informing7.The speaker found himself _all alone.A.leftB.leaveC.leavingD.to leave8.The speaker found himself _.A.misunder
33、standB.misunderstandingC.misunderstoodD.to misunderstand9.-My watch is broken.Why dont you _.A.take a repairer your watchB.take your watch a repairerC.take to a repairer itD.take it to a repairer10.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldnt find _the hotel.A.how to return toB.how you could go forC.the way back forD.the way back to11.Yesterday was my birthday.My mother _.A.made a cake to meB.made a cake meC.made for me a cakeD.made me a cake12.He was seen_ by the river yesterday.A to playB playedC to be playD play