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1、模拟考研英语模拟82多项选择第1题：Adam Smith saw that the division of labor.A. enable each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB. increased the possible output per hourC. increased the number of people employed in the factoriesD. improved the quality of pins produced参考答案：B答案解析：细节题目，要求选择亚当史密斯对劳动分工的看法。短文
2、中亚当史密斯通过一个具体的生产钉子的例子告诉我们分工劳动可以用更少的劳动力生产出更多的产品，即：Fewer people can make more pins,也就是选项 C (Division of labor) increased the number of people employed in the factorieso第2题：According to the speaker, Adam Smith，s mistake was in believing that the division of labor.A.was an effective way of organizing wor
3、kE. was an important development in methods of productionF. inevitably led to economic developmentG. increased the production of existing goods参考答案：C答案解析：此题要求回答亚当史密斯的错误在于相信分工的具体哪个方面。回答此问题，考生必须对全文大意有整体了解。对亚当史密斯的观点，短文的最后做了一个评价：but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself respons
4、ible for economic growth and以及 But division of labor adds nothing newo从这里就可以确定他的错误在于相信分工无疑会带来经济发展。因此，讲话者的观点是：Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth. o第3题：According to the speaker, which one of the following is not true?A. Division of labor can enable fewer people to make mo
5、re pins.B. Division of labor only helps people to produce more of what they already have.C. Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.D. Division of labor is an effective way of organizing work.参考答案：C答案解析：这是判断讲话者观点、态度的题目。要求判断四个选项中与讲话者观点不相符的一项。前一题目中，亚当史使密斯认为劳动分工会引起经济增长，作者看来这是错误
6、的。所以，讲话者的观点就是：Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growtho第4题：Which of the following resulted in the establishment of cigarette industry in 1870s?A. The rise of peoples living standard.B. The migration of population from the country to the city.C. The change in ones personal hab
7、its.D. The development of cigare11e-making machines.参考答案：D答案解析：此题是一细节题目，考查的是文中的特定信息，问香烟产业兴起的原因是什么。只要抓住“香烟产业”(cigarette industry)这一特定的信息，就很容易在上下文中找到相关的内容：The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine.所以答案就应该是 D The development of cigare11e-makin
8、g machines.第5题：The talk does not state directly, but implies that.A. an increasing number of people will give up smokingB. the price of cigarettes will be reduced.C. most of the male smokers have sworn off smokingD. well-educated men are more likely to smoke cigarettes参考答案：A答案解析：此题是一推理判断题目，要求考生从文章内容
9、中推断出正确的选项。这类题目稍有难度，需要考生在听懂原文内容的基础上进一步作出推理。从文中It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit.以及 The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.中可以看出：越来越多的人都在戒烟。这一内容符合答案A (an increasing number of people will give up smoking)的表述，因此 A 应该是入选答案。第
10、6题：What factors determine a person，s smoking habits?A. Economic situation and employment rate.B. Education, income, sex and occupation.C.The development of cigarette industry.D. Sex and educational level only.参考答案：B答案解析：此题同样是一特定信息题。与题干中的关键信息决定吸烟习惯相对应的文中内容是:Income , education, and occupation all play
11、 a part in determining a persons smoking habits.以及最后一自然段的 The situation is somewhat different for women.即,性别也起到一定的作用。由此可见，答案B.Education, income, sex and occupation.的叙述最为全面，为正确答案。第7题：How long has the woman worked all together?A. 15 years.B. 5 years.C. 10 years.D. 20 years.参考答案：A答案解析：此题询问对话中的女士一共工作了多少
12、年。通过她的叙述：I had been a secretary for five years until my son was born. I had to stay at home to take care of my baby. That was another five years. After that, I found the job in the nursery and it has been ten years.我们可以计算出，应该是15年，因此答案是fifteen year so第8题：What is the reduction in retirement payment if
13、 a person retires at 64?A. 20%.B. 13%.C.6%.D.3%.参考答案：C答案解析：题干中64”是一个关键信息。The reduction is 20% at age 62,13% at age 63 and 6% at age 64.所以，答案是6%。第9题：What is the man in the conversation?A. A clerk in the Social Security Program.B.A telephone operator in a restaurant.C. An insurance salesman.D. The bos
14、s of the woman.参考答案：A答案解析：此题问对话中的这位先生的职业是什么。通过听短文，以及文章里提供的Mr. Ford, how much would I get from the Social Security Program for my pension?”这一信息，可判定这位福特先生的职业是社会保障机制中的工作人员， a clerk in the Social Security Progamo第10题:How can a retiree get more benefits?A. He should work longer than 10 years.B. He should
15、 retire later than 65 years old.C.He should pay more taxes while working.D. All the above.参考答案：D答案解析：此题要求选择得到更高的津贴的方式。对话中男士对此也做了解释。当女士问 So, higher benefits are paid to those who retire after age 65?这位男士回答说：That is right,The higher your salary is, the more taxes you pay, and so the more pension you g
16、et after retirement.这几项内容与选项 A、B、 C逐一对应，只有D最全面，囊括了前三项，为正确答案。听力原文【短文大意】习惯于用左手的人，即左手势力者是一少数群体，他们常常受到他人的歧视，因为人们总是想当然的认为应该用右手，这样才是正常的。社会中的事物都是为大多数的人制造的。如手表、乐器、扑克牌等等。单词“left（左）来源于盎格鲁一一萨克逊词“lyft”，其意思是微弱的或打破的。但是，如果你是一个“左撇子”，这难道真有什么错吗？科学家通过实验证明使用右手或者左手，二者之间没有丝毫的差别。它们都是可以接受的、也都是健康的。所以，孩子应该用他/她用起来感觉较自然的那只手。如果
17、在这方面强迫他们的话，就有可能导致一些语言或精神上的问题。第11题：What are the left-handers in American society according to the speaker?A. They are discriminated against.B. They are abnormal and strange.C. They are certainly different.D. All of the above.参考答案：D答案解析：此题的意思是左手势力者在美国是一个什么样的情况。这要求考生对文章的细节有具体的理解。关于这一问题，在文章的第一自然段就明确给出了，
18、如：Like many other minorities, they have been discriminated against. It seems to be abnormal or strange, certainly different！这几点是通过答案 A、B、C 分别给出的。由此可见，应该选择答案D,因为它囊括了以上三项。第12题：What does the Anglo-Saxon word “lyft mean?A. Left-handedness.B. Clumsy and sinister.C. Weak or broken.D. Odd and tricky.参考答案：C
19、答案解析：此题是一考查细节的题目。要求考生回答盎格鲁一一萨克逊词“lyft”的意思。单词“lyft”就是题目里的关键性信息。文中在提及这个词的时候，接着就解释了它的意思。The word “left” comes from the Anglo-Saxon word “lyft It meant weak or broken,显而易见，选项 C: Weak or broken 是入选答案。第13题：Which is true according to Dr. Bryngelson and other scientists?A. Neutral system of both right- and
20、left-handers work exactly the same way.B. Neutral system work best when the left side of the brain dominates the right side.C. We dont know if there is any connection between hands people use and speech problems.D. The left-handed child may have speech problems if he is made to use the unnatural han
21、d.参考答案：D答案解析：此题要求考生在4个选项中选择正确的一项，这就需要考生对文章的细节内容有大致的了解。而题目又是与Dr Bryngelson及其他的科学家有关的，所以考生在听的时候就要事先确定听力内容的重点。选项A说的过于绝对，通常情况下这类选项都应排除。至于答案B,与之相对应的文中信息是：He said that neutral system (nerves) work best when one side of the brain dominates the other.可见B选项也不正确。同时通过这句话，还可以看出答案C也是不正确的，科学家已经发现了二者之间的联系。这样看来，只有选
22、项D是正确的了，文中所提供的信息是：If the child is forced to use the unnatural hand (as many left-handers have been), stuttering and emotional problems may result.因此此题要选择 D： The left-handed child may have speech problems if he is made to use the unnatural hand.听力原文【短文大意】数年前我组织了美国戒毒基金委员会。此组织要对城里的有可能吸毒的孩子做工作，并向这些孩子传授武
23、功，帮助他们树立自尊自重的心态和遵守纪律、尊重自己和他人的作风。许多来自破裂家庭的孩子在校的学习和生活都遇到麻烦。我可以高兴地说这个项目进行得很好。很多年轻人很快适应了习武的宗旨。我在习武这个行当干了35年多，不断比赛并训练了成千上万的年轻人。其中有一个故事深深引在我的脑海里，这个故事是由这里的一名教师Alice McCleary讲给我听的。她的一名学生来此学习空手道，但他没有系腰带。Alice 提醒她，作为一名学生，他们的部分责任就是在任何时候都要穿上自己的空手道服、系上腰带。那个男生盯着地板说他没有系。在老师的一再催问之下，男孩才告诉老师：他的小妹妹死了。他把自己的腰带放在她的棺材里，以便
24、和她一起上天堂。当Alice给我讲这个故事的时候，眼睛里嗡着泪花，认为那条腰带可能是男孩最重要的东西。他无私的奉献出了他的最宝贵的东西。第14题:Which of the following is Not true concerning the purpose of organizing the Kick Drugs Out of American Foundation?A. to teach the kids martial arts.B.To help raise the kids self-esteem.C. To instill discipline.D. To teach the k
25、ids to protect themselves参考答案：D答案解析：此题测试事当细节，要求考生选择不是组织这个基金会的目的的一项，因此要使用排除法。短文中有关的细节是The idea is to teach the kids martial arts, to help raise their self-esteem and instill discipline and respect for themselves and others,这与选项 A (to teach the kids martial arts.)、选项 B (To help raise the kids* self-es
26、teem). iC(To instill discipline)完全一致，这样只剩下选项 D.(To teach the kids to protect themselves)短文中没有提及，是本题的答案。第15题：Which of the following is Not true?A. Many ofthekidsin the organization come frombrokenhomes.B. Many ofthekidsarehaving trouble in school.C. Many ofthekidsarehaving trouble in their 1ivesingen
27、eral.D. Many ofthekidsarefond of martial arts.参考答案：D答案解析：此题属判断正误题目，要求选出不正确的一项。选项A (Many of the kids in the organization come from broken homes )、选项 B (Many of the kids are having trouble in school.)、选项 C (Many of the kids are having trouble in their lives in general.)与原文中 Many of the kids, boys as w
28、ell as girls, come from broken homes and are having trouble in school and in their lives in general.即许多来自破裂家庭的孩子在校的学习和生活都遇到麻烦，意思完全一致，故这些叙述都是正确的，不是本题的答案。这样只剩下选项D (Many of the kids are fond of martial arts)，原文中并未提及这些孩子们十分爱好武术，只是说(Most young people quickly adapt to the philosophy of martial arts.)这两句话的
29、意思不完全一致，因此这种叙述不正确，正是本题的答案。第16题：What happened to one of the young students， belt?A. He lost it.B. He forgot to take itC. He put it in his sisters coffin.D. He didn，t want to have it.参考答案：C答案解析：此题测试的细节是紫腰带的最终下落。文中男孩告诉了老师“My baby sister died and I put it in her coffin to take to heaven with her.”与选项 C
30、完全一致，是本题的答案。听力原文【短文大意】我们与我们的祖先有共同的食物需求，但相对于他们来说，我们的食物品种繁多。就拿水果来说，我们不但可以品尝自己种植的水果，也可以通过食物的贮存和运输来品尝几千里之外的其他国家生产的水果。而原始的人类只能品尝他们居住地附近生产的水果。不管他们解决饥饿的方式怎么不同，但都有共同的食物需求。人类的第二个需求是温暖的需求。衣服可以调节体温。住在温带地区的人比住在热带地区的人更需要衣物，然而，衣物的需求也随着季节的变化而变化。第三个最基本的需求是住处，这取决于温度、建筑水平、社会地位、可得到的建筑材料等。原始人类那简单的遮风避雨的地方已远远不能满足我们的需要。三居
31、室的住房对富裕的家庭已远远不够。而现代住房的设施是古代国王和王后都无法享受的。第17题：With regard to food, what are different from the primitive?A. We eat more food than primitive people.B. We eat a great variety of food.C. We eat a lot of food that is very expensive.D. We eat most foods produced in another in another country.参考答案：B答案解析：此细节
32、题目提供的已知信息是：就食物而言，我们和原始人类有什么不同点；提问的问题是：这个不同点是什么。原文一开始就说明了这一问题，We can agree with primitive man that food is a basic need, but we differ from him in our food wants because of the wide variety of food we have available compared with him； we have a wider choice.意思是我们与我们的祖先有共同的食物需求，但相对于他们来说，我们的食物品种繁多。接着下文
33、就以水果为例进行了说明。所以我们和他们的不同点在于食物的种类，即：We eat a great variety of food. o第18题:Why does clothing need to change with season?A. It is needed to adjust the temperature of our bodies.B.It is our second need.C. We need it to cover our bodies.D. Weather is changing all the time.参考答案：A答案解析：题目的意思是为什么衣服要随着季节的变化而变化。
34、根据原文中的有关信息 Clothing is necessary to regulate the heat of our bodies. Since we live in a temperate climate we need more clothes than people living in tropic conditions. Likewise, our clothing needs to change with seasons.可知人类的第二个需求是温暖的需求。衣服可以调节体温。住在温带地区的人比住在热带地区的人更需要衣物，然而，衣物的需求也随着季节的变化而变化，即：原因是 to ad
35、just to the temperature of our bodieso第19题：What can we learn about shelterour third need?A. It remains the same for many years.B. It can only keep us from the weather.C. It depends on a number of conditions.D.It is not very important compared with food and clothing.参考答案：C答案解析：此题为细节推断题目。要求考生了解有关人的第三需
36、求，即对住的要求的信息。从所听的材料中可获得相关信息：Shelter, the third of our needs, depends upon the climate, the skill of the builder, one，s social position, and the material available.意思是：第三个最基本的需求是住处，这取决于温度、建筑水平、社会地位、可得到的建筑材料等，It depends on a number of conditions就是对原文细节的概括和归纳。第20题：What is the best title for the passage?
37、A. Food, Clothing and ShelterB. Food Human Basic NeedC. Material ComfortsD. Human Basic Needs参考答案：D答案解析：此题要求考生对本文的主旨大意进行概括，并选择一个恰当的标题。从对原文大意的分析可知，本文主要讲解了人类的基本需求：食物、衣物、住处等，只有选项Human Basic Needs最能概括本文的全部意思，而其他的选项都不全面。多项选择The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important on
38、e. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The struct
39、ure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make s
40、uch personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by frien
41、ds into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decisi
42、on to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crape drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a st
43、atistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitali
44、ty and longevity.(305 words)听力原文健康的选择在健康行为方面个人选择的理念是重要的。据估测如果每个人根据现今的医学知识作出很好的个人健康选择的话，百分之九十的疾病可以预防。我们大家都享有选择的自由，不喜欢看到它在社会法律和道德范围内受到限制。美国社会的结构使我们可以作出几乎所有关于我们健康的自己的选择。如果我们愿意，我们能抽烟、酗酒、拒绝用安全带，想吃什么就吃什么以及不参加锻炼，一直坐着度过一生。自己作决定的自由是我们社会的基本方面，然而这种决定是否明智是有疑问的。有关健康的个人选择通常造成困难。例如，一个少年可能知道有关抽烟和健康的关系，但可能在朋友的压力下会相信
45、抽烟是社交所需。有许多因素，既有天生的也有环境的，都影响着与健康有关行为的发展。这些因素不是本文讨论的范围，因为它会影响任一确定的个人。然而，采用哪一个具体的与健康有关的行为通常都是个人的选择。有健康的选择也有不健康的选择。在讨论个人选择的道德问题时，弗里斯和克里波进行了比较。他们认为有意采取一种很有可能缩短生命的行为就是类似于试图自杀。因此，对于那些有兴趣保存生命质量和数量的人而言，个人健康选择应反映那种与增加活力和寿命有关的行为。第21题：The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because.A. per
46、sonal health choice help cure msot illnessesB. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC. it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD. wrong decisions could lead to poor health参考答案：D答案解析：D错误的决定会有害健康。推理题。从第一段可推出。A个人健康的选择有助于治疗大部分疾病。与文意不同，有迷惑性，文中讲的是预防不是治疗。B它有助于提高我们医疗知识水平。C它对美国社会的个
47、人自由是不可缺少的。第22题：Toalive a completely sedentary life-stylen(Lone 10, Para.1) means.A. to alive an inactive lifenB. to “live a decent life”C.to a live a life with complete freedom”D. to “live a life of vice”参考答案：A答案解析：A过一种不活动的生活。第一段五句中讲一生坐着即此意，属推理题。B过下流的生活。C过一种完全无自由的生活。D过一种罪恶的生活。此三项文中皆未提到。第23题：Sound pe
48、rsonal health choice is often difficult to make because.A. current medical knowledge is still insufficientB. there are many factors influencing our decisionsC. few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of lifeD. people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends参考答案：B答案解析：B有许多因素影响我们的决定，细节题。见二段一句。A当前的医学知识仍然不足。C很少有人愿意用生命的质量去换生命