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1、2022年大学英语考试考前冲刺卷二（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题（共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意）1. Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wi I I be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now I isten to the news.A. a better treatment of
2、 the US detainees at Guantanamo Bay.B. an independent judicial body to bring the detainees to trial.C. the immediate closure of the detention camp at Guantanamo Bay.D. the implementation of international human rights law at Guantanamo Bay.2. Which of the fol lowing writers is the greatest Engl i sh
3、cr i t ical real ist noveIist who showed the misery of the common peopIeA Jane Austen.B Charles Dickens.C Emily Bronte.D Oscar Wilde.3. The term HPhat ic Communi on11 originates from study of the funct i ons of I anguage used on Trobr i and I s I ands wh i ch refers to the soc i a I interaction of l
4、anguage.A MalinowskiB David CrystalC NidaD Schiffman4. Feld, the shoemaker, was annoyed that his helper, SobeI, was so insensit i ve to his rever ie that he wouIdn t for a minute cease his fanat ic pounding at the other bench. He gave him a look, but Sobel s bald head was bent over the last as he wo
5、rked, and he didn t notice. The shoemaker shrugged and continued to peer through the partly frosted window at, the near-sighted haze of falling February snow. Neither the shifting white blur outside, nor the sudden deep remembrance of the snowy Pol i sh vi I I age where he had wasted h i s youth cou
6、 Id turn h i s thoughts from Maxf the co I lege boy (a constant visitor in the mind since early that morning when Feld saw him trudging through the snowdrifts on his way to schooI), whom he so much respected because of the sacrifices he had made throughout the years in winter or direst heat一to furth
7、er his education. An old wish returned to haunt the shoemaker: that he had had a son instead of a daughter, but this blew away in the snow for Feld, if anything, was a practical man. Yet he could not help but contrast the di I igence of the boy, who was a peddler s son, with Miriam s unconcern for a
8、n education. True, she was always with a book in her hand, yet when the opportunity arose for a co I Iege education, she had said no, she would rather find a job. He had begged her to gov pointing out how many fathers could not afford to send their chiIdren to co 11ege, but she said she wanted to be
9、 independent. As for education, what was it, she asked, but books, which SobeI, who diIigent Iy read the classics, would as usual advise her on. Her answer greatly grieved her father. A figure emerged from the snow, and the door opened. At the counter the man withdrew from a wet paper bag a pair of
10、battered shoes for repair. Who he was the shoemaker for a moment had no idea, then his heart trembled as he real ized, before he had thoroughly discerned the face, that Max himself was standing there, embarrassed Iy explaining what he wanted done to his old shoes. Though Feld I istened eagerly, he c
11、ouldn t hear a word, for the opportunity that had burst upon him was deafening. He couldn t exact I y recal I when the thought had occurred to him, because it was clear he had more than once considered suggesting to the boy that he go out with Miriam. But he had not dared speak, for if Max said no,
12、how wouId he face him again Or suppose Miriam, who harped so often on independence, blew up in anger and shouted at him for his meddIing Still, the chance was too good to let by: al I it meant was an introduction. They might long ago have become friends had they happened to meet somewhere, therefore
13、 was it not his duty- an obIigation to bring them together, nothing more, a harmless connivance to replace an accidental encounter in the subway, let s say, or a mutuaI friend s introduction in the street Just let him once see and talk to her, and he would for sure be interested. As for Miriam, what
14、 possible harm for a working girI in an office, who met only Ioudmouthed saIesmen and iI I iterate shipping clerks, to make the acquaintance of a f i ne scho lar ly boy Maybe he wou I d awaken i n her a des i re to go to co I I ege; if not-the shoemaker s mind at last came to grips with the truth- l
15、et her marry an educated man and Iive a better Iife.It can be inferred from the passage that Feld s daughter was al I EXCEPT A. forceful.B. absent-minded.C. realistic.D. determined.5. Amer ican economists once spoofed university education as the only industry in which those who consume its product d
16、o not purchase it; those who produce it do not sei I it, and those who finance it do not control it. That apt description, made in the 1970s, has been undermined since then by the emergence of the f i rst for-profit universities in the United States. Control led by entrepreneurs, these schools which
17、 number about 700 and counting sei I a practical education to career-minded students and make a good buck doing it. They are now expanding abroad, creating the first multinational corporations in a sector long suspicious of ba Iance sheets. The compan i es are Iured by a booming market i n which cap
18、 ital ist compet it ion i s st i I I scarce. The number of university students is expected to doub I e in the next 25 years to 170 mi I I ion worldwide. Demand greatly exceeds supply, because the 1990s saw massive global investment in pr imary and secondary schools, but not in universities. The numb
19、er of chiIdren enrol led in pr imary or secondary schooIs rose by 18 percent around the worId-more than twice the rate of increase in any previous decade. Now these kids are often graduating from high schooI to find no open i ngs in nat i onaI universities, which nevertheless don t we I come for-pro
20、fit competition. The Brazi I ian university teachers union warned that foreign corporations would turn higher education into a dipIoma industry. Critics raised the specter of dec Ii n i ng qua Iity and a loss of BraziI s sovereign controln over education. For-profit universities met with similar sus
21、picion when they first opened in the United States. By the 1980s they were regularly accused of offer ing substandard educat i on and had to fight for acceptance and respect. Lately, they have flourished by catering to older students who aren t Iooking for keg parties, just a shortcut to a better ca
22、reer. For-profit co 11 eges now attract 8 percent of four-year students in the United States, up from 3 percent a decade ago. By cutting out frills, including sports teams, student centers and summer vacation, these schools can operate with profit margins of 20 to 30 percent. In some countries, the
23、American companies operate as they do at home. Apo 11 o found an easy fit in Brazi I, where few universities have dorms, students often take off time between high schoo I and co I I ege, and there1 s no summer vacat i on-just two breaks in July and December. In other Latin countr ies, Sy I van has t
24、aken a different approach, buy i ng traditional residential co I Ieges I ike the Uni vers i dad del Va 11 e de Mexi co (UVM). It has boosted enro I Iment by addi ng and heavi ly advertising courses in career-track fields I ike business and engineering, and add i ng no-fr ills sate I Iite campuses. S
25、ensitive to the potent i a I hosti I ity against foreign buyers, Sy I van keeps original schoo I names, adding its own brand, Sylvan International Universities, to pub I icity materials, and keeps tuition in I i ne with local pr i vate schools. Most of the schooIs that Sylvan has purchased were mana
26、ged by for-prof its to begin with, including the prestigious Les Roches Hotel Management Schoo I in Switzerland. But in general, Says Urdan, Sylvan1 s targets have not been run with wor Id-class business practices. They1 re not distressed, but there1 s an opportunity for them to be better managed. M
27、 When Sylvan paid $50 million for a control I ing stake in UVM two years ago, the schoo I had revenues of about $80 million and an enrol Iment of 32, 000. The success of the for-prof its is nothing to be afraid of, says Wor Id Bank educat ion expert Jami I Salmi: MI don1 t think they wi11 replace tr
28、aditional universities, but they can push some more traditional providers to be more innovative and more attentive to the needs of the labor market. n Some students at Sylvan schooIs in Latin Amer ica we I come the foreign invasion. At the Uni versidad de las Americas in Sant i agov Daniela ViIlagra
29、n says friends tease her for studying at Yankee I and, M but she figures Sy I van connect i ons will give me an edge when I go out to look for a job. The emphasis on independent thought is what separates UVM from other institutions in Mexico. And, for better or worse, more Amer ican schools are on t
30、he way.There is a booming market for for-profit universities becauseA. there was less global investment in national universities in the past.B. there are fewer universities than primary or secondary schools.C. for-profit universities can offer better education to their students. D. the competition f
31、or top national universities is getting fiercer and fiercer.6. In 17th-century New England, almost everyone be Ii eved in witches. Strugg I i ng to surv i ve in a vast and sometimes unforgiving land, America s ear Iiest European settlers understood themselves to be surrounded by an inscrutable unive
32、rse fiI led with invisible spirits, both benevoI ent and evil, that affected their Iives. They often attributed a sudden i I Iness, a household disaster or a financial setback to a witch s curse. The belief in witchcraft was, at bottom, an attempt to make sense of the unknown. While witchcraft was o
33、ften feared, it was punished only infrequently. In the first 70 years of the New England sett I ement, about 100 peop I e were forma 11 y charged with being witches; fewer than two dozen were convicted and fewer still were executed. Then came 1692. In January of that year, two young girls Iiving in
34、the household of the Reverend SamueI Parris of Salem V iI I age began experiencing strange fits. The doctor identified witchcraft as the cause. After weeks of questioning, the girls named T i tuba, Parr i s s f ema Ie I nd i an s I ave, and two I oca I women as the wi tches who were torment i ng the
35、m. Judg i ng by prev i ous i nc i dents, one would have expected the episode to end there. But it didn t. Other young Salem women began to suffer f its as wel I. Before the crisis ended, 19 peopIe formally accused others of affIicting them, 54 residents of Essex County confessed to being witches and
36、 near ly 150 peopIe were charged with consorting with the devi I. What led to this Traditional ly, historians have argued that the witchcraft crisis resulted from factionaIi sm in Salem Vi11 age, de Iiberate faki ng, or possibly the ingestion of ha I I uc i nogens by the aff I icted. I be I i eve an
37、other force was at work. The events in Salem were precipitated by a conf Ii ct with the Indians on the northeastern frontier, the most significant surge of violence in the region in nearly 40 years. In two IittIe-known wars, fought largely in Maine from 1675 to 1678 and from 1688 to 1699, Engl ish s
38、ettlers suffered devastating losses at the hands of Wabanaki Indians and the i r French al Iies. The key affIicted accusers i n the Salem crisis were frontier refugees whose famiIies had been wiped out in the wars. These tormented young women said they saw the deviI in the shape of an Indian. In tes
39、timony, they accused the witchesreputed ringleader the Reverend George Burroughs, formerly pastor of Salem V i11 age-of bewitching the soldiers dispatched to f ight the Wabanakis. WhileFituba, one of the first peopIe accused of witchcraft, has traditionally been portrayed as a black or mu Iatto woma
40、n from Barbados, al I the evidence points to her being an American Indian. To the Puritan settlers, who be I ieved themselves to be God s chosen people, witchcraft exp I a i ned why they were losing the war so badly. Thei r Indian enemies had the deviI on their side. In late summer, some prominent N
41、ew Englanders began to criticize the witch prosecutions. In response to the dissent, Governor Sir Wi I I iam Phips of Massachusetts dissolved in October the special court he had estab I ished to handle the trials. But before he stopped the lega I process, 14 women and 5 men had been hanged. Another
42、man was crushed to death by stones for refusing to enter a plea. The war with the Indians continued for six more years, though sporadical ly. Slowly, northern New Englanders began to feel more secure. And they soon regretted the events of 1692. Within five years, one judge and 12 jurors formal ly ap
43、o I og i zed as the co I ony declared a day of fasting and prayer to atone for the injustices that had been committed. In 1711, the state compensated the fami I ies of the victims. And last year, more than three centuries after the settlers reacted to an external threat by lashing out irrational ly,
44、 the convicted were cleared by name in a Massachusetts statute. It s a story worth remember ingand not just on Halloween.The author adds that the witchcraft crisis of 1692 also arose fromA. the clash between European settlers and the Indians.B. disagreements among European settlers in Salem.C. the d
45、elusion of the sick in Salem.D. the pretension of the sick in Salem.7. Cosmo Iogy i s sometimes pooh-poohed as more philosophy than science. It asks deep questions about nature but provides unsatisfyingly vague answers. The cosmos may be 12 billion years old, but it could be as much as 15 billion. T
46、he stars began to shine 100 million years after the Big Bang, or maybe it s a billion. Our ideas, n acknowledges Max Tegmark of the University of Pennsylvania, Mhave been kind of wobbly. But much of the wobb I e has been fixed, thanks to a sate I I ite known as the Wi Ikinson Microwave Anisotropy Pr
47、obe, or WMAP. Since July 2001, WMAP has been orbiting in deep space, more than a million ki lometers from Earth, studying the most ancient I ight in existence. And in a dramatic reminder that important space sc i ence i s a I most always done by machines, not fragi Ie humans, it reported a ser ies o
48、f precision measurements that wi I I finally put cosmoIogy on a firm foundat i on. What the sate I Iite found, says Princeton University s David Spergel, a theorist on the WMAP team, is that the universe can be explained with five numbers. Fi rst, the cosmos is 13. 7 billion years old, give or take
49、a neg Iigible couple of hundred million years. Second, the f i rst stars turned on just 200 million years after the Big Bang. Final ly, the universe is made of three things in the fol lowing proportions: 4% ordinary atoms; 23% dark matter, whose nature is still unknown; and 73% Hdark energy, H the equally myster ious force whose antigravity effect is speeding up the cosmic expansion. This, “ says astrophysicist John Bah