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1、中国城市轨道交通机电设备系统发展历程及趋势中国城市轨道交通机电设备系统发展历程及趋势 Trendency and development process of Chinas urban rail transit Electrical and mechanical equipment systems报告人 Speaker 杜心言杜心言 DU XINYAN 2011-07-01报告要点报告要点 Highlights of the report发展历程发展历程 History技术状况技术状况 Technical situation 系统安全的沿革系统安全的沿革 History of system s
2、ecurity前沿技术与最新研究进展前沿技术与最新研究进展 Cutting-edge technology with the latest research机电设备国产化动向机电设备国产化动向 Trends in mechanical and electrical equipment Localization 市场空间及前景市场空间及前景 Market space and prospects服务与合作服务与合作 Services and cooperation中国城市轨道交通机电设备系统的发展历程中国城市轨道交通机电设备系统的发展历程Chinas urban rail transit syst
3、em,the development process of electrical and mechanical equipment发展阶段发展阶段Stage of development年年 代代Years城市城市City系统系统构成构成System Components技术水技术水平平Technical level制造制造厂商厂商Manufacturers运营运营管理管理Operations Management第一第一阶段阶段Phase I1965-1984 北京北京Beijing独立独立分散分散Independent distributed传统传统工艺工艺Traditional craf
4、ts国内国内生产生产Domestic production手工操作手工操作为主为主Manual-based第二第二阶段阶段Phase II 1985-1999上海上海Shanghai广州广州Guangzhou部分部分集成集成Part of the integration核心设备核心设备采用最新采用最新技术技术Core equipmentUsing the latest technology关键设备关键设备大部分大部分国外国外Key equipmentMost foreign自动化程度自动化程度低低Low degree of automation第三第三阶段阶段Phase III2000以后以后
5、After 2000各各城市城市Cities多数多数集成集成Most integrated广泛采用广泛采用最新最新技术技术Widely usedLatest technology国内国内为主为主Domestic-based自动化程度自动化程度高高High degree of automation中国城市轨道交通机电设备系统的技术状况中国城市轨道交通机电设备系统的技术状况Chinas urban rail transit system,the Technical situation of mechanical and electrical equipment车辆 Vehicle信号 Signal
6、供电 Power supply system通信 Communication system售检票 Automatic Fare Collection System综合监控 Integrated Supervisory Control System环境控制及隧道通风 Environmental control and tunnel ventilation给排水及消防 Plumbing and fire电梯 自动扶梯 Elevators&Escalators轨道 Track安防设施 Security facilities机电设备技术更新对城市轨道交通节能、减排、低碳、环保方略的实施起到了积极的推进
7、作用。Mechanical and electrical equipment technology updates of urban rail transit energy,emission reduction,low-carbon,environmentally friendly implementation of the strategy has played a positive role in promoting.车辆车辆 Vehicle中国城市轨道交通大部分采用轮轨式车辆，主要技术如下：Chinas urban rail transit is mostly wheel-rail-ty
8、pe vehicles,the technology is as follows:列车编组：4节、6节、8节。Train marshalling:4,6,8.车型：根据载客量大小分：A型、B型、C型三种类型。Model:According to the size of capacity points:A-tyre,B-type,C-type.车体材料：采用铝合金挤压型材焊接结构或不锈钢车体材料。Body material:aluminum extrusion welded or stainless steel body materials.最高运行速度：80-100 km/h。Maximum
9、speed:80-100 km/h.列车制动：电气制动、空气制动和停放制动。Train Brake:Electric brake,air brake and parking brake.转向架：钢板压型焊接结构、无摇枕转向架。Bogie:Pressed steel welded structure,no bolster bogie.牵引控制：采用VVVF主逆变器技术。Traction control:VVVF main inverter technology.列车自动监测及故障诊断：设置微机控制列车自动监测及故障诊断装置。Automatic train monitoring and fault
10、 diagnosis:computer-controlled train set to automatic monitoring and fault diagnosis device.其它型式的车辆：上海高速磁浮列车系统,北京和广州直线电机列车系统，重庆跨座式单轨列车系统。Other types of vehicles:Shanghai-high-speed maglev train system,Beijing and Guangzhou-linear motor train system,Chongqing-straddle-type monorail system.信号信号 Signal
11、信号系统的核心是列车自动控制系统ATC系统，包括三个子系统：The core signaling system is the automatic train control system(ATC),including three subsystems:列车自动监控子系统ATS（automatic train supervision subsystem）；列车自动防护子系统ATP（automatic train protection subsystem）；列车自动运行子系统ATO（automatic train operation subsystem）。国内城市轨道交通的信号系统的制式，最早为固
12、定闭塞信号系统，后来发展到准移动闭塞信号系统，近些年新建的项目大多为移动闭塞信号系统。CBTC系统已成为大多数城市轨道交通信号系统的发展趋势。Domestic urban rail traffic signal system standard,the first fixed block signal system,and later developed into quasi-moving block signaling system,the new projects in recent years,mostly moving block signaling system.CBTC system
13、 has become the most urban rail traffic signal system development trends.今后，信号系统将逐步走向综合监控列的发展方向，纳入综合监控系统，实现城市轨道交通机电系统资源共享。In the future,the signal system will be gradually integrated monitoring the development direction of the column,part of an integrated monitoring system,urban rail transit electro
14、mechanical system resource sharing.1990年代，信号系统设备完全由国外厂商提供，目前部分产品可由国内厂商提供。In the 1990s,signaling equipment provided entirely by foreign manufacturers,currently,some of the products supplied by domestic manufacturers.典型的典型的CBTC信号系统的结构框图信号系统的结构框图A typical block diagram of CBTC signaling system供电供电 Powe
15、r supply system供电系统组成：外部电源、主变电所及中压环网、牵引供电系统（牵引变电所及牵引网）、低压配电及照明供电系统（降压变电所及动力照明配电系统）、电力监控系统（SCADA）、杂散电流防护及接地系统。Power system components:an external power supply,the main substation and medium voltage ring,traction power supply system(traction substation and traction),low-voltage power distribution and
16、lighting system(step-down lighting and power distribution substation power system),electric power monitoring system(SCADA),stray current protection and grounding systems.外部供电电压等级：500 kV、220 kV、110kV、35kV。External power supply voltage:500 kV,220 kV,110kV,35kV.内部供电电压等级：35kV、0.4 kV。110kV和35kV断路器采用GIS设备
17、。Internal power supply voltage:35kV,0.4 kV.110kV and 35kV circuit breakers use GIS equipment.牵引供电电压等级：直流750V、1500V。Traction power supply voltage:DC 750V,1500V.车辆供电方式：接触网或接触轨。Vehicle power supply:catenary or third rail.接触轨主体材质：主要有低碳钢和钢铝复合两种。Contact rail body material:There are two kinds of low-carbon
18、 steel and aluminum compound.电力监控系统（SCADA）的电力调度系统由ISCS集成。Power monitoring system(SCADA)for electric power dispatch system integrated by the ISCS.供电系统的绝大部分设备都由国内生产厂商供货。The vast majority of power system equipment supplied by domestic manufacturers.通信通信 Communication systems 通信系统一般设置专用通信、公安通信、公共通信三大通信系
19、统。Communication systems are generally set up special communication,public communication,public communication the three communication systems.专用通信系统由传输系统、专用电话系统、无线通信系统、公务通信系统、时钟系统、信息网络系统、通信电源系统、集中网络管理等子系统和通信线路共同组成。Dedicated communication system by the transmission system,dedicated telephone system,wi
20、reless communication systems,public communication systems,clock systems,information networks,communications power systems,centralized network management subsystem,and communication lines together constitute.传输系统普遍采用光缆组成环网，采用国际上最新的传输技术。Composition of commonly used fiber optic transmission system ring
21、,using the latest international transmission technology.公共通信系统为移动通信设置有技术升级换代的条件。Public communication system for mobile communications technology upgrades have set conditions.早期通信设备大部分由国外厂商提供，目前，除了无线子系统的部分设备由国外厂商提供，绝大部分设备都由国内厂商的产品。Most of the early communications equipment provided by foreign compani
22、es,at present,in addition to the wireless subsystem,part of the equipment provided by foreign manufacturers,most of the equipment by the domestic manufacturers of products.售检票售检票 Automatic Fare Collection System 自动售检票系统由清分中心、线路中央、车站计算机系统、车站设备以及车票等组成。整个系统经由通信传输网和网络设备连接构成。Automatic Fare Collection Sys
23、tem are composed of the sorting center CCHS(Central Clearing House System),line the central computer system LCC,the station computer system SC,the station AFC equipment SLE and tickets and so on.Transmission network via the communication system and network devices pose.中国城市轨道交通的自动售检票系统，从最早的磁卡式发展到现在普
24、遍采用的非接触式IC卡制式，并与城市其它交通系统通用。Chinas urban rail transit automatic fare collection system,from the earliest development of the magnetic card to the now widely used non-contact IC card standard,and other transportation systems and urban general.系统设备大部分可以由国内承包商提供。Much of the equipment system can be provid
25、ed by domestic contractors.屏蔽门屏蔽门 Platform Screen Door早期建设的城市轨道交通项目未设置屏蔽门和安全门系统，根据中国的国情，近期建设的项目一般都设置了屏蔽门和安全门系统，对节能和提高运营管理的安全性起到较好作用。Early construction of urban rail transit project is not set PSD(Platform Screen Door),and security door system,according to Chinas national conditions,short-term constr
26、uction projects are generally set up platform screen door and security door systems,its play a good effect to energy conservation and improve the operational management.系统设备绝大部分可由国内生产厂商提供。The vast majority of system equipment provided by domestic manufacturers.综合监控综合监控 Integrated Supervisory Control
27、 System早期的城市轨道交通内，各种设备的监控系统采用独立设置方式，系统间一般很少或不进行互联。1990年代出现了对少数系统进行集成的主控系统。Early urban rail transit,a variety of devices monitoring system using an independent set up,generally little or no inter-system interconnect.1990s there has been a small number of systems integrated master system.2000年代后建设的城市轨
28、道交通项目，一般都采用集成度较高的综合监控系统。通过单一的软硬件平台，实现多个分立系统原有的管理监控功能。采用中央控制室和车站两级管理的三级监控体系，实施集中监视分散控制。After the 2000s the construction of urban rail transit project,generally a higher degree of integrated comprehensive monitoring system.Through a single hardware and software platform,the original number of discrete
29、 systems management and monitoring capabilities.Using the central control room and station level management of three monitoring system,the implementation of centralized monitoring decentralized control.综合监控综合监控 Integrated Supervisory Control SystemISCS集成的子系统有：电力监控系统、火灾自动报警系统、环境与设备监控系统、广播系统、闭路电视监视系统、
30、乘客信息系统、屏蔽门监控系统、防淹门系统。ISCS integrated subsystems included:Power Monitoring System(SCADA-Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition),automatic fire alarm system(FAS),environmental and equipment monitoring system(BAS-Building Automatic System),public address system(PA),CCTV surveillance systems(CCTV-Clos
31、ed Circuit Television),passenger information system(PIS),PSD-Platform Screen Door monitoring system(PSD),Flood Gate System(FG).ISCS还可与自动售检票系统（AFC）、信号系统（SIG）、无线传输系统（RTS）、时钟系统（CLK）等进行互联实现部分管理信息的交换。ISCS can be used with automated fare collection system(AFC),the signal system(SIG),the wireless transmiss
32、ion system(RTS),the system clock(CLK)and other parts of the Internet to achieve the exchange of management information.环境控制及隧道通风环境控制及隧道通风 Environmental control and tunnel ventilation地下车站的环境控制系统：由车站公共区空调通风与排烟系统、车站车轨区域排热系统、区间隧道活塞通风、机械通风（兼火灾防排烟）、车站设备及管理用房空调通风排烟系统、制冷空调循环水系统组成。新建设的地铁大都采用设置屏蔽门的闭式通风系统。Unde
33、rground station environmental control systems included:air-conditioned public areas from the station with smoke ventilation system,the station the track area heat system,piston tunnel ventilation,mechanical ventilation(smoke and fire),station equipment and Air conditioning and ventilation exhaust sy
34、stems management space,refrigeration and air conditioning circulating water system.Most of the new building of the subway used to set the platform screen door closed ventilation system.环控系统控制由就地、车站控制室、中央控制室三级控制组成。Controlled by the environmental control system in place,the station control room,the ce
35、ntral control room three control components.设备完全由国内厂商生产。Equipment entirely supplied by domestic manufacturers.给排水及消防给排水及消防 Plumbing and fire给排水及消防主要包括给水系统、排水系统及消防设施。车站、区间及车辆段给水水源采用城市自来水。Plumbing and fire included:drainage and fire water supply system,drainage systems and fire facilities.Station,rang
36、e and water sources of the urban water supply depot.给排水及消防设备完全由国内厂商提供。Water supply and drainage and fire fighting equipment provided entirely by domestic manufacturers.电梯电梯 自动扶梯自动扶梯 Elevators&Escalators早期的地铁电梯和自动扶梯设置数量很少，近期建设的项目根据客流和车站环境需要设置数量足够的地铁电梯和自动扶梯。Early period,station of subway set a small n
37、umber of elevators and escalators.Recently,according to passenger flow and the environment of station,under-construction projects set a sufficient number of elevators and escalators at station.设备完全由国内厂商提供。Equipment supplied entirely by domestic manufacturers.轨道轨道 Track在必要的区段采用降低噪音的技术和装置。In some sect
38、ions by using technology and equipment to reduce noise.设备完全由国内厂商提供。Equipment supplied entirely by domestic manufacturers.安防设施安防设施 Security facilities由于国际恐怖活动的泛滥，国内所有城市轨道交通近期都设置了安防设施。包括监视设备、安检设备、防暴设备等。As the proliferation of international terrorism,all cities have recently set up rail transport secur
39、ity facilities.Including surveillance equipment,security equipment,anti-riot equipment.设备完全由国内厂商提供。Equipment supplied entirely by domestic manufacturers.城市轨道交通系统安全的沿革城市轨道交通系统安全的沿革History of system security中国高度重视轨道交通建设和运营的安全问题（包括应对各种突发事件），2007年颁发了城市轨道交通运营管理办法等一系列法规，加强轨道交通的安全管理工作，建立城市轨道交通安全评价制度，督促落实安全
40、责任机制。早期的城市轨道交通沿用中国铁路建设运营的安全管理模式。China attaches great importance to rail transit construction and operation of the safety issues(including response to a variety of emergencies),issued in 2007,Urban Rail Transit operating and so a series of laws and regulations,strengthen rail safety management,the es
41、tablishment of urban rail transit safety evaluation system,and urge the implementation of security mechanisms of accountability.Early urban rail transit construction and operation follow Chinese railway safety management.RAMS（可靠性、可用性、可维护性、安全性）管理在世界各国铁路行业应用十分广泛。RAMS(reliability,availability,maintaina
42、bility,safety)management in the world railway industry is widely used.自2000年后，国内部分城市轨道交通项目（上海地铁10号线、磁浮线、北京4号线、深圳3号线、成都1号线）开展了RAMS工作。目前，国家正在制定和完善城市轨道交通RAMS相关的法规，今后RAMS工作将成为所有城市建设轨道交通必须遵循的强制性法规。国家对城市轨道交通机电设备的安全认证体制也正在建立和完善过程中。Since 2000,the domestic part of the urban rail transit project(Shanghai Metr
43、o Line 10,maglev line,Beijing Line 4,Line 3 in Shenzhen,Chengdu,line 1)the work carried out RAMS.Currently,countries are developing and improving the urban rail transport RAMS-related laws and regulations,RAMS will be all future urban development of rail traffic must follow the mandatory regulations
44、.State of urban rail transit mechanical and electrical equipment safety certification system is also being set up and perfect the process.前沿技术与最新研究进展前沿技术与最新研究进展Cutting-edge technology with the latest research技术制式的整合，标准化、模块化系统及标准体系研究；Technical standard integration,standardization,modular systems and
45、standard system;车辆：低地板技术，转向架技术；Vehicle:low-floor technology,bogie technology;信号：CBTC技术、无人驾驶技术；Signal:CBTC technology,unmanned technology;直线电机成套技术；Sets of linear motor technology;导向式轨道交通技术；Rail transit-oriented technology;综合自动化控制系统：ISCS技术；Integrated Automation Control Systems:ISCS technology;大城市轨道交通网
46、络化运营资源共享；Metropolitan rail network operator resource sharing;运营及乘客信息管理技术；Operational and passenger information management technologies;系统安全可靠性技术；System security and reliability of technology;城市轨道交通安全防范体系研究；Urban rail transit system security studies;环境控制研究；Environmental Control;中低速磁悬浮技术-试验阶段，2015年前开通
47、；Low-speed maglev technology-pilot phase,opened 2015;真空管道运输系统-前期研究。Vacuum pipeline transportation systems-preliminary study.轨道交通机电系统的国产化动向轨道交通机电系统的国产化动向Trends in mechanical and electrical equipment Localization机电设备费用数量巨大，约占项目投资的35-40%。Mechanical and electrical equipment costs a huge amount of invest
48、ment of about 35-40%.1990年代，国内生产厂商当时不能提供技术水平较高的系统设备，较早进行城市轨道交通建设的上海1号线和广州1号线，大量采用进口设备，导致项目建设费用过高。In the 1990s,domestic manufacturers were unable to provide a higher level of technology systems equipment,earlier for urban rail transit construction of Line 1 in Shanghai and Guangzhou Line 1,a large nu
49、mber of imported equipment,resulting in project construction costs are too high.1999年,国家发布“关于城市轨道交通设备国产化实施意见”,提出：城市轨道交通全部车辆和机电设备的平均国产化率要确保不低于70%。In 1999,the state released the urban rail transit facilities to implement localization and proposed:urban rail transit rolling stock and electrical equipme
50、nt,the average localization rate to ensure that not less than 70%.2000年后，大批国内生产厂商通过研发、更新、引进技术或合资，使得中国国内轨道交通工业生产体系快速发展。中 国城轨制造业，已经形成了与国际水平接近的产业。After 2000,a large number of domestic manufacturers through the development,update,technology or joint venture,making Chinas domestic industrial production s