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1、 Lesson3ScientificBreakthroughs2021/8/11 星期三1 warmup:A little quiz2021/8/11 星期三2 Isaac Newton，1642-1727，British physical scientist、astronomer and mathematician，born in Lincolnshire.He proved the Theory of Gravity to be true.2021/8/11 星期三3He was British who was living in 18th century.He invented an a
2、dvanced steam engine which was the last straw of the First Industry Revolution in western countries.2021/8/11 星期三4HewasborninScotlandin1847.HeimmigratedintotheUSAattheageof24andlaterbecameaAmericacitizen.Hewastheinventoroftelephone.2021/8/11 星期三5贝尔贝尔(Bell,AlexanderGraham)（18471922）2021/8/11 星期三6Amon
3、g the several important discoveries Among the several important discoveries made in his life,the greatest is the made in his life,the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.He also discovered famous Relativity.He also discovered famous mathematic
4、al statement e=mcmathematical statement e=mc (energy equals mass times the speed of(energy equals mass times the speed of light squared).light squared).This statement or formula explained This statement or formula explained that a great amount of energy could that a great amount of energy could come
5、 from a small piece of e from a small piece of matter.Albert Einstein2021/8/11 星期三7On December 17th,1903,they made the worlds first flight in a machine that was heavier than air and powered by an engine.Wright Brothers2021/8/11 星期三8 ThedesignerofENIAC,thefirstcommercialcomputermadeintheUnitedStatesA
6、mericanphysicistJohnWilliamMauchlyandJ.PresperEckert这是美国军方这是美国军方(navy)要求宾州大学莫奇来（要求宾州大学莫奇来（Mauchly）博士和他的学生爱克特）博士和他的学生爱克特（Eckert）设计的，准备用来计算炮弹及火箭、导弹）设计的，准备用来计算炮弹及火箭、导弹(missiles)的弹道，它最的弹道，它最终在原子弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用。终在原子弹的研制中发挥了极大的作用。2021/8/11 星期三9Alexander Alexander FlemingFleming(1881-1955)(1881-1955)Scottish
7、biochemistFebruary14,1929-FlemingDiscoversPenicillin.SirAlexanderFlemingwasayoungbacteriologistwhenanaccidentaldiscoveryledtooneofthegreatdevelopmentsofmodernmedicine.2021/8/11 星期三10Edwin HubbleAmerican astronomer.He changed American astronomer.He changed our ideas about the universe and our ideas a
8、bout the universe and how it developed.In the late how it developed.In the late Nineteen-Twenties,his study lead to Nineteen-Twenties,his study lead to the most important astronomical the most important astronomical discovery of the Twentieth century-discovery of the Twentieth century-the expanding
9、universe.And he the expanding universe.And he proved that nebulae were galaxies proved that nebulae were galaxies themselves.Astronomers now themselves.Astronomers now agree that far distant galaxies do agree that far distant galaxies do exist.exist.2021/8/11 星期三11Reading practicefor general ideavRe
10、ading Strategy(1):vFirst read the text to get the general idea.Go through the whole text,dont worry about some new word,you dont need to understand every word exactly.Just work out the subject and the main idea.2021/8/11 星期三121.The equation e=mc2.Penicillin3.The first computer4.Other galaxiesEx2.Try
11、tomatchthediscoverieswithhowtheywerediscovered?a)Scientists worked together as a teamb)There was a lucky accident accidentc)A scientist did research for many yearsd)A scientist was inspired2021/8/11 星期三13The purpose of this article is _.A.theintroductionoftheWrightBrothersB.theintroductionoftheproce
12、ssofscientificbreakthroughC.introductionofthemajorscientificdiscoveriesinthe20thcenturyD.thecontributionsscientistsmadetotheworld 2021/8/11 星期三14Match the pioneers with the deedsThey were specialist in the area of bicycle-repair,but they were interested in aircraft.They made great contributions to t
13、he development of aircraft.vHe is aware of recent developments,but he has been working on his own.He showed in his“theory of relativity”that not even time,mass or length is constant.The Wright brothersElbertEinstein2021/8/11 星期三15He proved that the universe is actually expanding,and that further awa
14、y galaxies are,the faster they move.He was a son of a Scottish shepherd.HEe discovered penicillin.Although his discovery is important,he remained modest.During the 2nd world war,the US Navy turned to them to produce a machine.They didnt finish until after the war,in February 1946.Edwin HubbleAlexand
15、er FlemingEckert and Mauchly Together with their team 2021/8/11 星期三16Reading for specific informationvReading Strategy(2)vRead the questions/statements and identify important words.vFind the relevant part of the text and identify the important wordsvDecide if the important words in the question/stat
16、ement express the same meaningvBase your decision only on the information in the text.2021/8/11 星期三17Use the strategies to help youvExs 4:Are these statements true or false according to the text or is there no information?vWork in groups to use the strategies to work out the problems.2021/8/11 星期三18
17、1.Orville Wright made the first and longest flight on 17 December,1903.2.A bicycle-repair company made the money used in the Wrightbrothersflyingexperiments.On December 17,1903,Orville made the first flight in their plane,the Flyer 1,and he flew 39 metres in 12 seconds.TFThe brothers used the compan
18、y to support their flying machine research and experiments.2021/8/11 星期三193.Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation“e=mc”.4.Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.5.Einstein observed changes in time,size and mass.While rocking his one-year-old baby,he tho
19、ught sthOver.Suddenly,the equation came to him.The equation also help to create the nuclear bomb.Einstein then showed in his“theory or relativity”that not even time,mass or length are constant.FTF2021/8/11 星期三206.Hubblestudiedtheuniverseforovertwentyyears.7.Hubblediscoveredthatourgalaxyisbiggerthanw
20、ethoughtitwas.8.Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened.9.Therewasabluemouldaroundthebacteriainthedish.10.Flemingdevelopedtheprocessformakingpenicillin.NITThe universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought.NIFT2021/8/11 星期三2111.Thefirstcomputerprojectfailed
21、tomeetitsoriginalgoal.12.Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogram.TAlthough they and their team did not finish the machine until after the war.NI2021/8/11 星期三22vWhileAlbertEinsteinwasrockinghisone-year-oldbaby,he_.A.wasawareofrecentscientificdevelopments.B.thoughtoverMarieCuriesresearch.C.hesh
22、owedthatnoteventime,massorlengthareconstant.D.cameupwiththefamous“theoryofrelativity”2021/8/11 星期三23vVocabulary:vCompoundWords2021/8/11 星期三24Exs 5.Match the categories(a-e)with the examples from the text(1-5).Then add examples of your own.a)compound n.1.one-year-old;world-famous;b)(n.+n.)far-reachin
23、gb)compound v.2.breakthrough;outcomec)Compound adj.3.mass-produce;double-chestd)compound n.4.flying machine;(adj.+n.)nuclear bombe)compound n.5.CD player;jet engine (v.+prep.)2021/8/11 星期三25Useful expressionsv仔细考虑，慎重思考仔细考虑，慎重思考v被想出被想出v意识到意识到v越。越。越。越。v向向求助求助vthinkovervSthcomestosbnopassivevbeawareofv
24、themore,themorevturntosb/sth2021/8/11 星期三26Discussion vIt is predicted（预言）that there will be 5 scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.What do you think will be the 5 scientific breakthroughs and how will they influence our life?Have a discussion and voice your opinion.2021/8/11 星期三275Scientifi
25、cBreakthroughsinthe21stCentury 2021/8/11 星期三281.Well know where we came from.Why does the universe exist?To put it another way,why is there something instead of nothing?Since the 1920s,scientists have known the universe is expanding,which means it must have started at a definite time in the past.The
26、y even have developed theories that give a detailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the time it was a fraction of a second old to the present.We will have a better understanding of how matter behaves at the unfathomably high temperatures and pressures of the early universe.2021/8/11 星期
27、三292.Well crack the genetic code and conquer cancer.As scientists learn more about the genetic code and the way cells work at the molecular 10 level,many serious diseases-cancer,for one-will become less threatening.Using manufactured“therapeutic”viruses,doctors will be able to replace cancer-causing
28、 damaged DNA with healthy genes,probably administered by a pill or injection.2021/8/11 星期三303.Well live longer(120 years?).21st century strides in genetic medicine may let us control and even reverse the process.But before we push scientists to do more,consider:Do we really want to live in a world w
29、here no one grows old and few children are born because the planet can hold only so many people?Were would new ideas come from?What would we do with all that extra time?2021/8/11 星期三314.Well“manage”Earth.In the next millennium,well stop talking about the weather but will do something about it.Well g
30、radually learn how to predict the effects of human activity on the Earth,its climate and its ecosystems.2021/8/11 星期三325.Well have a brain“road map”.Early in the next century,we will use advanced forms of magnetic resonance21 imaging to produce detailed maps of the neurons in operation.Well be able to say with certainty which ones are working when you read a word,when you say a word,why you think about a word,and so on.2021/8/11 星期三332021/8/11 星期三34