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1、动词不定式用法小结动词不定式用法小结 不定式定义：由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式 I want to go hunting with you.(我想和你一块儿去打猎)The doctor advised me not to drink too much.(医生劝我不要喝太多酒)It is wrong to tell a lie.(说谎话是错误的)T
2、his house must be comfortable to live in.(住在这幢房子里一定很舒适。)She has no one to depend on.(她没有可以依靠的人。)一、语法功能语法功能（一）、作主语（一）、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：It+be+名词+to do Its our duty to take good care of th
3、e old.It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything(that)the teacher says.It seems(appears)+形容词+to do I
4、t seemed impossible to save money.of和for的区别在于前面的形容词的属性，修饰人用of，反则用for（1）Its easy(for me)to do that.我做这事太容易了 Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。（2）Its very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of hi
5、m not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。(二二)、作宾语、作宾语1)以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford（付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（显得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt（试图），care（想要），choose（决定），claim（声称），decide（决定），demand（要求），determine（决心），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（帮助），hope（希望），learn（学会），manage（设法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主动提出）
6、，plan（计划），prepare（准备），pretend（假装），promise（答应），prove（证明），refuse（拒绝），want（想要），wish（希望）The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。Tom wanted to go shopping with his mother.汤姆想和母亲一起去购物。2）动词动词+疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式 decide,know,consider，f
7、orget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tell Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意：疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题
8、是怎样把它付诸实施。(三三)、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语1)动词动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式(to do)Advise，allow，believe，cause，challenge，declare，encourage，forbid，force，find，hire，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，select，send，suppose，tell等等。Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We believe him to be guilty.我们相
9、信他是有罪的。He asked me to do the work with him 他叫我跟他一起做这个工作。注意：1)在feel，hear，listen to，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语 中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.I often hear him sing
10、 the song.=he is often heard to sing the song.2)不定式动词在介词but，except，besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。例如：She could do nothing but cry 她只会哭了。What do you like to do besides swim?除游泳外你还喜欢什么?I have no choice but to go 我不得不走。(四四)、作表语、作表语不定式作表语表示具体或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象或者经常性的动作。不定式作表语表示具体
11、或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象或者经常性的动作。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.（五）、作状语（五）、作状语（1）目的状语 To only to(仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)as to(如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the f
12、irst bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.（3)表原因 Im glad to see you.Jim was very happy to get the toy.（六）、作定语（六）、作定语不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词代词之
13、后。之后。如：The next train to arrive is from Washington.Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?Do you have anything to say on the question?Would you please give me some paper to write on?My wish to visit France has come true at last.二.不定式的时态 1）一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如 He seems
14、 to know this.他似乎知道这事。I hope to see you again.=I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2）完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。He seems to have caught a cold.他好像已经得了感冒。3）进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：He seems to be eating something.他好像正在吃什么东西。4）完成进行式表示动作从过
15、去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如：She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。三、不定式的语态当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。其基本形式就是 to be done例如：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside The handwriting is very difficult to be read 这字太难认读了。The box is to heavy to be lifted 这箱
16、子太重举不起来。注意：在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。There is a lot of work to do(Somebody has to do the work)There is a lot of work to be done(The work has to be done)请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：There is nothing to do 意为无事可做，感到十分乏味。There is nothing to be done 意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。四、不定式的其他
17、用法1、不定式的特殊句型tooto（1）tooto太以至于 He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。Im afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it,这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。（2)如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。（3)当too 前面有only,all,but时，意思是：非常 等于very。Im only too pleased to be able to help
18、 you.我非常高兴能帮助你。He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。2、stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stop doing停止做某事。例如：They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。3、forget to do忘记要去做某事，forget doing忘记做过某事。例如：The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动
19、作）He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）4、remember to do 记得去做某事，remember doing 记得做过某事。例如：Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?5、regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾，regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：I regret to have to do this,but I hav
20、e no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。6、try to do努力，企图做某事，try doing试验，试着做某事。例如：You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。7、mean to do打算、想 mean doing意味着 I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去
21、，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。练习：1.You were silly not _your car.A.to lock B.to have locked C.locking D.having locked 2.The teacher asked us _so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to make3.A number of paintings in the castle are believed _i
22、n a fire.A.being destroyed B.having been destroyed C.to be destroyed D.to have been destroyed4.I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A.to have not B.to not haveC.not to have D.not having 5.I remember _him _the bike needed _.A.hearing,saying,to repair B.to hear,say,to repairC.hearing,say,repa
23、iring D.to hear,saying,to be repaired6.-You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant _,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so7.Im gong to Xian next week.Have you anything _ to your parents?A.to take B.to be taken C.to be bought to D.to buy8.When we
24、 hurried to the station,there happened _ no bus at that time.A.to have B.to be C.having D.being9.-Are you a student?-No,but I used _.A.to be B.to was C.to do D.to be a10.I stopped to listen,and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room.A.to enjoy,to shut B.to be enjoying,shutting C.to be enjoying
25、,shut D.to have enjoyed,having shut11.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy much12.The problem is _ difficult for us _.A.so;work out B.very too;to be worked out C.rather too,to work out D.quite too,to w
26、ork it out13.Who did you _ the wall yesterday?A.have painted B.have paint C.have to paint D.have painting14.-Whats the matter with John?-He didnt pass the test but he still _.A.hopes so B.hopes to C.hope it D.hope that15.My family considers _ a computer,which is considered _ a great help in our work and study.A.to buy;to be B.buying;being C.to buy;being D.buying;to be参考答案:1-5 BDDCC 6-10 BBBAB 11-15ACBBD