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1、语法专项-Object Clause 宾语从句宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念一、宾语从句的概念 在复合句中充当宾语宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的句子结构：宾语从句的句子结构：主语+谓语+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素二、宾语从句三要素连连 接接 词词语语 序序（主句和从句中的时态）（主句和从句中的时态）（从句要用陈述句语序）（从句要用陈述句语序）时时 态态（一）连（一）连 接接 词词1.that(陈述句充当宾语从句，用that引导，that 无词义，往往可以省去。)2.whether/if（一般疑问句充当宾语从句，用whether/if引导，翻译为“是否”。）3.连接代词（特殊
2、疑问句充当宾语从句）who whom whose what which4.连接副词（特殊疑问句充当宾语从句）when why where how注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)he will be back in an hour（一小时后他会回一小时后他会回来）来）2.He said(that)he missed us very much（他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun （地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转）
3、1.由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Ask him whether(if)he can come.（他是否他是否能来）能来）2.I dont know whether it is going to rain or not.（是否要下雨）是否要下雨）当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.2.由由if和和whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句只能用whether而不能用if 的情况1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handsome
4、.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or/or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether，whether置于句首置于句首1.He asked who could answer the question.(谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you knowwhom they are waiting for（他们在等谁他们在等谁）3
5、.Please tell me when well have a meeting.（我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）4.Can you tell me where he is.（他在哪儿他在哪儿）5.Could you tell me how I can get to the station.（我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）6.Would you tell me why the train is late（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了）3.由连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句由连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句1.1.当陈述句作宾语从句时当陈述句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+that+t
6、hat+主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分2.2.当一般疑问句作宾语从句时当一般疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+if(whether)+if(whether)+主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分3.3.当当 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,结构结构:主句主句+特殊疑问特殊疑问词词+主语主语 +谓语部分谓语部分宾语从句引导词小结宾语从句引导词小结一一.选择合适的连接词选择合适的连接词1Idontknow_ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome2Thisdependson_the
7、weatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that3Theteacheraskedthenewstudent_classhewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.thatABA4Idontknow_Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.HellhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where5Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_Isaid?David?Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if6Doyouknow_Mr.Blacksaddres
8、sis?HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridge Street.Imnotsureof_.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,whereBAC7Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydontknow_.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchooseB (二二)时态时态1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。eg:We know(that
9、)Mrs.Chen teaches English.2.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种 eg:He asked who could answer the question.3.当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。eg:He told the boy that three plus one is four.(三三)语序语序宾语从句要用陈述句陈述句语序连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 类型一：语序类型一：语序1.Didyoufindout_?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whos
10、echildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor2.Areyouinterestedin_?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit3.Idontknow_.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersareDCD 4.Whatdidthescientistsay?Hesaidhewonderedif_intospace
11、byspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly5.Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme_?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere6.Ihearwellhaveanewteacherthisterm.Really?Doyouknow_?A.whatsubjectdoesheteachB.Whatsubjectwillheteach?C.whatsubject
12、ishegoingtoteachD.whatsubjectheteachesBCD 类型二：时态类型二：时态1.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25th_ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe2.Theteachersaidthattheearth_roundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo3.Ihearthathe_toBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegoneAAC 4.Wedliketotellyouthatyou_theex
13、am.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass5.“Couldyoutellme_?”“Yes.They_tothelibrary.”A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD.wherethetwinswere,havegone6.Ourfathersaidthathe_anewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buysACC如果主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，
14、谓如果主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，谓语动词是语动词是guess，think,believe,suppose,expect 等时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反等时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idontthinkhewillcometohelpus.Ibelieveshecansolvetheproblem,cantshe?否定前移否定前移从句的概念从句的概念句子成分（主谓宾定状补）通常都是单词，这样的句子叫简单句。eg：I love English very much.（我非常喜欢英语。）如果句子里用另一个句子做句子成分，那就是一个复杂句，而做成分的句子叫做从句。eg：I know that English is not easy for some of you to learn well.(我知道学好英语对于你们中的一些人不容易。)We all like people who are kind and honest.(我们都喜欢那些善良诚实的人。)You can learn English well as long as you work hard.(只要你努力学习，你就可以学好英语。)