小学英语1-6年级期末知识点汇编.docx

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1、小学英语1-6年级期末知识点汇编一、基础知识.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYabcdefghi jklmnopqrstuvwxy1 .语音:元音的发音5个元音字母:A E I 0 U12个单元音:前元音:i: i e纪中元音:3: a-后元音:a: d : u: o a双元音(8个)合口双元音ai ei au an oi_集中双元音is a ue2 .词汇:词汇量,近反义词.句子:大小写,标点符号二、语法知识(一)名词单复数一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags,当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词

2、后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则. 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks1 .以 s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,力口一es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes2 .以“辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如: study-studies(2) 一般过去时:动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词一般直接在动词的后面加ed :如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e结尾的

3、动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed (此类动词较少)如 study - studied carry - carried worry - worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y , 所以不属于此类)双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stoppedB、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要 记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing - sang , eat -ate , see - saw , have - had , do - did , go - went , take - took , buy - bou

4、ght , get - got , read - read ,fly -flew ,am/is -was ,are - were, say- said, leave- left,swim- swam , tell- told, draw- drew ,come - came ,lose - lost ,find -found ,drink - drank,hurt-hurt , feel - felt一般将来时:基本结构:be going to + do;will+ do. be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow (明天).=I

5、 will go swimming tomorrow.(4)现在进行时:am, is, are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:一般的直接在后面加上ing ,如doing , going , working , singing , eating以e结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having ,writing双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting三、句法1 .陈述句(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Irm a student. She is a doctor. He works

6、 in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.(2)否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子, 如:Im not a student. She is not (isn11) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lu

7、nch at 12: 00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.2 .疑问句一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用 “yes”,或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等)开头弓导的 句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes/no”来 回答。3 . There be 句型There be句型与have, has的区别1、There be句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在there be句型中,主语是单数,be动

8、词用is;主 语是复数,be动词用are ;如有几件物品,be动词根据最 *近6&动词的那个名词决定。3、there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not , 一般 疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、there be 句型与 have (has) 的区别:there be 表 示在某地有某物(或人);have (has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在there be句型中的运用:some用 于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and和or在there be句型中的运用:and用于肯 定句,or用于否定句或疑问句。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many +名词复数+

9、 are there +介词短语?How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:Whats +介词短语? go的用法U!U!其他1、去干嘛用go +动词ing如 : go swimming; go fishing;go skating;gocamping;go running;go skiing;go rowing-# 比较#than前用比较级;asas之间用原级。如:My mother is two years younger than my father. 我妈比我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben

10、.刘涛 跳得和本一样远。# 喜欢做某事#用like +动词ing或like+ to +动原。如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。 The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。# 想要做某事#用 would like +to+动原或 want + to + 动原。例:I d like to visit the History Museum. =1 want to visit the History Museum#some#用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为

11、any,但当表示 委婉语气时仍用。如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?rain与snow的用法(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如:There is a lot of rain there in spring.那儿的春天有很多雨水。(2)作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是: 动词原形rain, snow;第三人称单数rains , snows;现在 分词 raining; snowing 过去式 rained; snowed;如:Look! It is raining now.瞧!天正

12、在下雨。 It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。 (3)It rained yesterday.昨天下 了 雨。It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。(3)形容词为rainy和snowy意思是有雨的和有雪的如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经 常是有雨的。If it is rainy tomorrow, I 11 stay at home. 如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。# 时间表示法#有两种:(1)直接读时钟和分钟。如6:10读成six ten; 7:30 读

13、成 seven thirty; 8: 45 读成 eight forty-five;(2)用to与past表示。在半小时包括半小时以内用 几分past几点如:6: 10读成ten past six; 7: 30读成 half past seven;过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分如7: 45 读成 a quarter to eight; 9: 50 读成 ten to ten;cat-cats, bed-beds以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,力口es,如:busbuses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-

14、es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如: knife-knives不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-polieewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原形:paper, juice, water, milk,

15、 rice, tea(二)名词的格(1)有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加s 如:Lucys ruler, my father1 s shirtb)以s结尾的复数名词后加P: his friends bagsc)不以s结尾的复数后加s childrens shoes并列名词中,如果把飞加在最后一个名词后,表示共 有,如:Tom and Mike1 s car汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加飞, 如:Tom s and Mike s cars汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示 所有关系:如: a picture o

16、f the classroom a map of China冠词:不定冠词、冠词的种类冠词:冠词的种类和用法不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange(2)定冠词:thethe egg / the plane2.用法:定冠词的用法:特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren t at school.在序数词前:J

17、ohn1 s birthday is February the second. 用于 固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:专有名词前:China is a big country.名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys cant swim. They are teachers.在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. Its Sunday.一日三餐前:We

18、have breakfast at 6: 30.球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.*但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. 学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.固定词组中:at noon at night by bus代词、形容词、副词代词:人称代词,物主代词形容词,副词:比较级,最高级(一)形容词的比较级.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级

19、后面一般带有单 词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程 度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。1 .形容词加er的规则:一般在词尾加er ;以字母e结尾,加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅 音字母,再加er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er。2 .不规则形容词比较级:good-better,beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级1 .形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动 用副,有副用动)在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2 .副词

20、比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)数词:序数词、基数词(1) 1-20one, two,three,our, five, six, seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven, twelve,thirteen,fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23-twenty-three, 34 thirty-four, 45ffortyfive, 56f fifty-six

21、, 67-sixty-seven, 78 seventy-eight, 89f eighty-nine, 91-ninety-one(3) 101999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586f five hundred and eighty-six,803f eight hundred and three(4) 1, 000 以上先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为 thousand.第二个“,”前为 million,第三个“,前为 billion1, 001- one thousand and one18 , 423 - eighteen thousand f

22、our hundred and twenty-three6, 260, 309f six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750, 000, 000, 000f seven hundred and fifty bi lion序数词(1) 一般在基数词后加theg. four-fourth,thirteenthirteenth(2)不规则变化one-first,two-second,three-third,fivefifth,eightf eighth,nine-ninth,twelvetwelfth(3)

23、以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加thtwenty twentieth,fortyf fortieth,ninetyf ninetieth(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或 “几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth基数词基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t, d, d.八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i, th前面有个e.若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等at表示时间概念的某一个点。

24、(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00 (dawn, midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、 午夜、中午)on1)表示具体日期。注:(1)关于“在周末”的几种表示法:at (on) the weekend 在周末特指at (on) weekends 在周末泛指over the weekend 在整个周末during the weekend 在周末期间(2 )在圣诞节,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?2)在(刚)的时候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。1. in1)表示”时段、时期,在多数情况下可以和during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)#动词:动词的四种时态#(1) 一般现在时一般现在时的构成1 . be 动词:主语+be (am, is, are) + 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2 .行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。

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