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1、20222023学年山西大学附中高一（上）期中英语试卷AFour Environmentalists You Should KnowGeorge Washington CarverGeorge Washington Carver is one of the most famous scientists of the 20th century, not to mention afamous painter.He was an educator at the Tuskegee Institute and an inventor known for making plastics,fuel, and
2、 more out of peanut.He created a list of 300 uses for peanuts, and many more for soybeans andsweet potatoes, in an effort to increase financial gains for Southern farmers.Julia HillAfter a serious auto accident in 1996, Julia Hill devoted her life to environmental causes.For two years, Hill lived in
3、 the branches of an ancient redwood tree which she named Luna in northern California to save it from being cut down.She eventually vacated （搬离）the 200-foot-tall tree after striking a deal with the Pacific Lumber Company.The tree was saved finally.Her tree-sit became an international cause.Theodore R
4、ooseveltThough he was a known big-game hunter, Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most active champions of wilderness preservation in history.As governor of New York, he outlawed the use of feathers as clothing decorations in order to prevent the killing of some birds.While he was president （1901-190
5、9）, he set aside hundreds of millions of wilderness acres, actively protected soil and water.Chico MendesChico Mendes is best known for his efforts to save the rainforests of his home Brazil from being cutdown.Mendes came from a family of rubber harvesters who supplemented （补贝占）their income bysustai
6、nably gathering nuts and other rainforest products. Alarmed at the damage of the Amazon, he helpedto encourage international support for its protection.His activism drew the anger of powerful ranching （牧业）and timber interests, and he was murdered by cattle ranchers at age 44.1. Who made a great cont
7、ribution to agriculture? A. George Washington Carver.B. Julia Hill.C. Theodore Roosevelt.D. Chico Mendes.2. Which achievement belongs to Julia Hill ? A. Protecting wilderness.B. Saving a 200-foot-tall tree.间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进 行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者
8、是散落 在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。1115.【答案】F、C、D、A、E【解析】（1 ）F.推理判断题。标题How Not to Be Awkward11 （如何不尴尬）和文章第一段Many among us are shy and may even feel kept apart from others.（我们当中的许多人都很害羞，甚至可能感到与 他人隔绝。）可知很多人会害羞的心理，这个是引起标题所说的尴尬的原因。下文说到“Lefstryto find answers to the questions.（让我们试着找到问题的答案）标题和上文提到很
9、多人有害羞的心理， 会引起尴尬，下文引出解决问题的方法，可推知空处讲述的是如何克服这种尴尬的倾向。故选F 项。（2） C.推理判断题。根据本段标题Stay in shape and dress up well （保持身材，好好打扮）可知需 要保持体形，并穿着打扮好。根据下文 If you look as if you havejust stepped out of a 1980s film when actually it is2011， there is no doubt that you are bound to feel awkward about yourself.（如果你看起来 像是
10、刚从1980年代的电影中走出来，而实际上是2011年，那么毫无疑问，你一定会对自己感到 尴尬。）可知下文在谈不符合年代的穿着是多么尴尬。可推知，空处讲的是要穿合适的衣服，承 上启下。故选C项。（3） D.推理判断题。根据标题Be optimistic （要乐观）可知本段中心思想就是要求我们要有乐观 的心态。 本段最后句是 a smiling,happy and positive think person is appreciated by everybody.（ 个面带微笑，开心并积极思考的人会受到每个人的喜欢）可推知如果总是不开心，不乐观面对一 切，没有人会喜欢你。选D项。（4） A.标题归
11、纳题。根据第四段 This one really helps.Awkwardness generally develops when a person remains isolated from others.So,in order to change this situation join groups For instance,if you are a reading lover join a book club.Joining people in book reading sessions as well as debates will help remove your awkwardn
12、ess.Choose any activity of your choice,such as playing team sports or joining a dance class,and soon you will find your comfort level around people increasing day by day!（这个真的彳艮有帮 助。当一个人与他人保持孤立时，通常会产生尴尬。所以，为了改变这种情况，加入团体例如， 如果你是一个阅读爱好者，加入一个读书俱乐部。与人们一起参加读书会和辩论会有助于消除你 的尴尬。选择您选择的任何活动，例如参加团队运动或参加舞蹈课，很快您就
13、会发现自己与人相 处的舒适度与日俱增！）可知本段主要呼吁人们要参加团队活动。故选A项。（5） E.归纳总结题。根据本段第二句 For self-improvement,take up a hobby that adds meaning to your life.（为了自我提升，培养一个为你的生活增添意义的爱好）可知为了提高自己，要开始一个爱好， 这个爱好可以给你的生活带来很大的意义。空处前面内容Learn singing or try adventure sports （学 习唱歌或尝试冒险运动）与E选项表达“有时候简单如听音乐这样的事情也会带来奇迹”属于并列 的同类型的例子。故选E项。本文是
14、一篇说明文。作者主要向我们描述了怎样使自己不笨拙不尴尬，并提出了几点建议，如保 持体形注意穿着、乐观、参加团体活动、发展个性等。七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注 意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境 的句子。1630.【答案】B、C、D、A、C、A、D、B、D、B、A、A、C、D、A【解析】（1） B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.sticks to坚持；B.bringsback使想起；C.gets over克服；D.cheersup鼓舞。句意：它唤起我关于外婆和妈妈的许多美好的回忆。根据后文的s
15、o many memories of my grandmother and mother.（很多关于外婆和母亲美好的回忆）”可知，听到缝纫机运 转的声音，让作者想起了自己的外婆和母亲。故选B项。（2） C.考查名词及语境理解。A.award奖项；B.plan计戈tl； C.art艺术；D.lesson课程。句意：这 种把不同布料变成时尚的衣物的艺术总是让我振奋。根据本句话中的turning different materials into something fashionable （把不同布料缝制成时尚的衣服）”可知，用普通的布料缝制时尚的衣服， 这是一门艺术。故选C项。(1) ）D,考查动
16、词及语境理解oA.escaped逃离；B.troubled使 困扰;C.upset使 心烦；D.uplifted 振奋。句意:这种把不同材料变成时尚的衣物的艺术总是让我振奋。根据后文 AndHl that joy for as long as possible.（并且我会一直感恩那份缝纫衣服的快乐）”可知，缝制衣服一直让作者很 兴奋。故选D项。(4) A.考查名词及语境理解。A.shirt衬衫；B上utton纽扣；C.skirt短裙；D.tie领带。句意：我从 很小的时候就和外婆一起缝纫衣服。她是一位慈祥的女性，教会了我怎样使用缝纫机，以及缝制 我第件衬衫。 根据后文“It was a sim
17、ple pullover blouse made from an old pink and white pillowcase.（这是一件用旧的红白色枕套改做的简单的套头衬衫）”可知，作者在外婆的指导下，成功制作了 第一件衬衫。故选A项。(5) C.考查名词及语境理解。A.hope希望；B.freedom自由；C.pride自豪；D.anxiety焦虑。句意： 我自豪地穿着那件衬衫。根据常识和前文I began sewing as a child alongside my grandmother loving woman who taught me how to use a machine an
18、d how to sew my first （4） （我从彳艮小的时候 就和外婆一起缝纫衣服。她是一位慈祥的女性，教会了我怎样使用缝纫机、缝制我第一件衬衫）” 可知，穿着凭自己双手制成的衣服，肯定感到非常欣喜自豪。故选C项。(6) A.考查动词及语境理解。A.made制作；B.bought买；C.chose选择；D.ordered命令；点菜。 句意:因为穿着你自己制作的衣服会让你微笑。根据前文 I began sewing as a child alongside my grandmother,a loving woman who taught me how to use a machine
19、and how to sew my first (4) _ (我从很小的时候就和外婆一起缝纫衣服。她是一位慈祥的女性，教会了我怎样使用缝纫机、 缝制我第一件衬衫)”可知，作者在外婆的指导下，自己动手，成功地制成了一件衬衫。故选A 项。(7) D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.responsible负责的；B.independent独立的；C.creative创新的； D.patient耐心的。句意：这教会了我要有耐心，以及注重细节。根据前文“Then,one day I made a mistake,sewing the inside out,and had to start again.(然后有
20、一天，我犯了 一个错，把衣服完全缝反， 得重新开始)”可知，刚开始学习缝制衣服时，作者犯错之后得重新缝制，这需要极大的耐心。也 教会了作者耐心这一重要品质。故选D项。(8) B.考查动词及语境理解。A.quit戒除；B.hit袭击；C.shot射击；D.flashed闪光。句意：一旦 新冠来袭，我有太多的空闲时间。根据本句话的C0VID-19可知，作者遭逢了新冠疫情的爆发， 只能待在家里。故选B项。(9) D.考查动词及语境理解。A.donated捐献;B.removed去除；C.measured测量;D.maintained 维护。句意：我把这台老式的Singer缝纫机进行修理维护，然后再次
21、开始缝纫衣服。根据前文”but it was left to gather dust in the corner.(但是它就被搁置在角落，静静地攒灰)”可知，缝纫机因为 长时间不用，需要修理维护才能再次正常使用。故选D项。(10) B.考查形容词及语境理解。A.strange奇怪的；B.necessary必要的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.easy 容易的。句意：我们都听说过这句话，我很少用它，但它就像地图：我们很少用它，但它却很必 要的。根据本句话”We all hear it and I rarely use it,just like road maps,but it is (10)
22、(我 们都听说过这句话，我很少用它，这就像地图。我们很少用它，但它却很必要的)”可知，缝纫机 就像地图一样，很少用到，但却很必要。故选B项。(11) A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.uncertain不确定的；B.unusual不寻常的；C.odd奇怪的；D.ideal 理想的。句意：在一个未来不确定的时代，我通过重新学习发现了希望和创造力。根据后文found a sense of hope and creativity through rediscovery.(我通过重新学习发现了希望和创造力)”可知， 作者通过学习缝纫的经历，寻找到了希望。这帮助他应对未来的种种不确定。故选A项。(12) A
23、.考查动词及语境理解。A.relieved宽慰；B.revealed透露;C.indicated表明;D.increased 增加。句意：重新学习如何缝纫缓解了我的苦闷并且让我对自己更有耐心。根据后文的“my boredom”可知，重新学习缝纫让作者枯燥乏味的生活有了情趣，缓解了生活中的苦闷。故选A项。(13) C.考查名词及语境理解。A.idea主意；B.distance远处；C.bond纽带；D.role角色。句意： 这也帮助我们建立了一条与长辈情感联系的纽带。通过这条纽带，我们相互分享。根据前文 It so many memories of my grandmother and moth
24、er.(它唤起我关于外婆和母亲许多美好的回 忆)”可知，缝纫衣服这一简单的家庭活动，帮助作者与长辈之间构建起一座情感沟通的桥梁。故 选C项。(14) D.考查动词及语境理解。A.designed设计；B.collected收集；C.revised复习；D.shared分享。 句意：这也帮助我们建立了一条与长辈情感联系的纽带。通过这条纽带，我们相互分享。根据上 文Later I received the old Singer from my mom,可知，这台缝纫机是外婆、妈妈和我共用分享的家 用设备。故选D项。（15） A.考查动词及语境理解。A .appreciate感激；B. expres
25、s表达;C.seek寻求；D.experience体 验。句意：我将永远感恩那份快乐。根据前文In a time when tomorrow is , I found a sense of hope and creativity through rediscovery.（在一个未来不确定的时代，我通过重新学习发现了希望和创造 力）”可知，作者通过学习缝纫，明白了很多道理，培养了可贵的品质。作者理当感恩这种快乐。 故选A项。这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者幼年开始向外婆和妈妈学习缝纫的经历。这不仅培养了她优良 的品格，还带给她很多美好欢乐的回忆。完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”
26、出最佳选项。同学们要道循上下求索” 的原则来查找信息。31 【答案】小题1 voluntarily【小题2】by【小题3】scientific【小题4】curiosity【小题5 to mean【小题6 an【小题7 which【小题8】is【小题 9 have participated【小题 10 ensuring【解析】（1）考查副词。句意：具体而言，公民科学是指公众自愿帮助进行研究。此处用副词作 状语修饰动词helps,故填voluntarilyo（2）考查介词。句意：大多数公民科学家使用项目主管提供的工具收集数据。by表示“被“，后跟 动作的实施者，故填by。（3）考查形容词。句意：这
27、些数据帮助专业科学家回答科学问题并解决重要问题。此处用形容词 作定语修饰名词questions,故填scientifico（4）考查不可数名词。句意：只需要一些时间、好奇心和惊奇感。此处用名词和time并列，表 示“好奇心”,为不可数名词,故填curiosity。（5）考查动词不定式。句意：这一领域的大多数人和组织都打算“公民”是指世界的普通公民，而 不是一个国家的法定公民。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to mean。（6）考查冠词。句意：当有人提到“公民科学”时，人们往往会立即了解他们在谈论什么。结合句 意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，immediate为元音音素开头的单词，故填an。（
28、7）考查定语从句。句意：社区科学是一种特殊类型的公民科学，其中社区推动项目。此处引导定语从句，先行词为Community science,在从句中作介词in的宾语，故填which0（8）考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：通常有一个专业科学家或组织与社区合作。结合句意可知， 此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为a professional scientist or organization,谓语动 词用三单形式，故填is。（9）考查动词时态。句意：另一个原因是，科学是面向每个人的，无论你迄今为止是否参与过科 学。时间状语为so far,句子用现在完成时,主语为you,故填have parti
29、cipatedo（10）考查动名词。句意：公民科学致力于使科学包容所有人，确保每个人都有参与科学的权利 和机会。此处用动名词形式与making并列，作介词to的宾语，故填ensuring。本文为说明文，主要讲述了公民科学是每个人的科学。语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型， 语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。32.【答案】【小题 1】Tuesday, July 7th, 2022 SunnyMy parents were too busy working to have time to cook today, so I volu
30、nteered to cook so that they could enjoy a good dinner after a tiring day.【高分句型一（做饭的理由）After a few minutes of confident thinking , I decided to make a soup by using mushrooms, eggplants and beef.To ensure my success, I first searched for relevant recipes online and then began my work.【高分 句型二】After c
31、leaning the materials mentioned above, I cut them into pieces respectively.Next, I put the beef in the boiling water at first and then the mushrooms and eggplants.With the help of the recipes and my memories of how my mother usually cooks dishes, I finished it within two hours.（描述过程）How satisfied I
32、was when I watched my parents eating my soup gladly.I am proud of myself and confident that I can cook more tasty food in the future.（自 己的感受）【小题2】略【小题3】略【解析】高分句型一My parents were too busy working to have time to cook today, so I volunteered to cook so that they could enjoy a good dinner after a tirin
33、g day.翻译：我的父母今天工作太忙，没有时间做饭，所以我主动提出做饭，这样他们可以在劳累一天 后享受一顿丰盛的晚餐。分析：句子里，so that 引导目的状语从句 they could enjoy a good dinner after a tiring day. 高分句型二To ensure my success, I first searched for relevant recipes online and then began my work.翻译：为了确保我的成功，我首先在网上搜索相关食谱，然后开始工作。分析：句子里，动词不定式To ensure my success作目的状语。
34、写作步骤：第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意参考词汇的提示作用）。C. Creating many uses for peanuts.D. Saving the rainforests of Brazil.3. What is special about Chico Mendes? A. He likes cutting down trees.B. He called on people to protect
35、water.C. He came from a family of farmers.D. He gathered nuts to support his family.BWhen I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.Because of her Chinese English， she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores， at banks， and at restaurants did not take her
36、 seriously， did not give her good service， pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.My mother has long realized that the limitations of her English as welLWhen I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she.I was made to ask for informa
37、tion or even to shout at people who had been rude to her.One time I had to call her stockbroker （股票经纪人）.1 said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing （令人相信的）,This is Mrs.Tan.”And my mother was standing beside me, whispering loudly, Why he doesnt send me check already two weeks late.”And
38、 then, in perfect English I said： Im getting rather worried.You agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn*t arrived/My mother then talked more loudly.What he want? I come to New York to tell him in front of his boss. And so I turned to the stockbroker again, I can*t accept any more excuse.
39、If I dont receive the check immediately, I am going to have to speak to your manager when lam in New York next week.”The next week we ended up in New York.While I was sitting there red-faced, my mother, the real Mrs.Tan, was shouting to his boss in her broken English.When I was a teenager, my mother
40、s broken English embarrassed me.But now, I see it differently.To me, my mothers English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural.lt is my mother tongue.Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom.lt was the language that helped me see things, express ideas, and make
41、 sense of the world.4. Why was the writers mother poorly served ? A. She was unable to speak good English.B. She was often treated unfairly.C. She was not clearly heard.D. She was not very polite.5. What happened after the author made the phone call? A. They forgave the stockbroker.B. They failed to
42、 get the check.C. They went to New York immediately.D. They spoke to the stockbrokers boss at once.6. What does the author think of her mothers English now? A. It confuses her.B. It embarrasses her.C. It helps her understand the world.D. It helps her tolerate rude people.cArt is everywhere.Any publi
43、c space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful.Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be nthe easy subject1 at school, insignificant to wider society, a waste of time and effort?Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not m
44、any other things can； art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities.When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory t
45、hat will go through the rest of their lives.People dont just want material things anymore, they want to experience life-the arts are a perfect cross over between culture and commerce.Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer.Social bonds a
46、re created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nations experience.The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health.lt
47、 is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not； more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of peoples wellbeing.The Royal Society of Public Health discovered that music and art, when
48、 used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure.Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education： those engaged with drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages.Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.Participating in the arts is essential for child development； encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional r