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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英美文学选读要点总结精心整理2 (VII)Jane Austen简.奥斯汀75.Her first novel, Sense and Sensibility, tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs: Pride and Prejudice, the most popular of her novels, deals with five Bennet sisters and search for suitable husbands; and Northanger Abbey.她的处女作理智与情感讲述
2、了一对姐妹的恋爱经历；傲慢与偏见是她最著名的作品，讲述了贝内特一家五位姐妹寻找如意郎君的过程；诺觉寺讽刺了18世纪流行的哥特式骑士抒情诗。76.Mansfield Park presents the antithesis of worldliness and unworldliness ; Emma gives the thought over self-deceptive vanity; and Persuasion contrasts the true love with the prudential calculations.曼斯菲尔德花园表现了世俗与非世俗的并存；爱玛对自欺欺人的虚荣心
3、给予了反思；劝告将真挚爱情与精打细算进行了对照。77.She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear-sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies o
4、f emotion and individuality.她主张地主阶级应在政治及社会生活中占主导地位，而她的作品也表现了她强调的理智高于情感，责任心、礼节、公正高于浪漫与个人主义的观点。78.And in style, she is neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and gracefulness in novel writing.在写作风格上，她提倡新古典主义，坚持理性，秩序，典雅的原则。79.Austens main literary concer
5、n is about human beings in their personal relationships.奥斯汀的创作主题总与个人的生活及人际关系有关。80.It is her conviction that a mans relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career.她确信一个人与自己妻子，儿女的关系最起码同他生命的另一半-事业，信仰-同样重要。81.plots are all re
6、stricted to the provincial life of the late 18th-century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.奥斯汀的写作素材十分狭窄。主题，角色，社会背景及情节都离不开18世纪英国的乡村中产阶级生活，总是三，四口之家的日常生活。82.ride and Prejudice, originally drafted as“First Impressions”in 1796, is the most delightful o
7、f Jane Austens works.傲慢与偏见原名第一印象是奥斯汀最出色的作品。83.Our first impression, according to Jane Austen, are usually wrong.奥斯汀认为人的第一印象总是有失偏颇的。84.The structure of the novel is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the highest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere.85.
8、The works of Jane Austen, at once delightful and profound, are among the supreme achievements of English literature. With trenchant observation and in meticulous detail, she presents the quiet, day-to-day country life of the upper-middle-class English.奥斯汀的著作令人愉悦并有深意，是英国文学史上巨大的成就。她通过犀利细致的观察，向我们展现了平和的
9、英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活全貌。86.Her characteristic theme is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.其典型的主旨是成熟，实在错误的幻想打破后获得的。87.Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity, and she has been regard
10、ed by many critics as one of the greatest of all novelists.由于她人类行为的普遍模式十分敏感，奥斯汀使英国小说走向成熟，众多评论家都认为她是英国最出色的小说家之一。【英国】Chapter4 The Victorian Period(1836-1901)维多利亚时期1.Common sense and moral propriety, which were ignored by the Romanticists, again became the predominant preoccupation in literary work.道德和
11、常理这些被浪漫主义时代遗弃多年的主题，又回到了文学主流中来。2.Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater, both notorious advocators of the theory of“art for arts sake.”唯美主义者奥斯卡王尔德与沃尔特培特都极力推崇“为了艺术而艺术”的观点。3.Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced.实用主义大行其道。4.The poetry of this period was mainly characterized by experiments with new styl
12、es and ways of expression.这个时期的诗歌具有风格标新，表达立异的特点。5.Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality and spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down to earth earnestness, the good-matured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented.维多利亚时期文学，真实地反映了时代的现实与精神，其中体现出
13、的高度的活力，脚踏实地的精神，善意的幽默与无羁无绊的丰富联想都是空前的。(I)Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯6.Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club appeared in monthly installments. It is once lifted him into a position of fame and fortune.很快皮克威克外传也出版了，这使狄更斯一度名利双收。7.Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writer of the Victorian
14、 Age.狄更斯是伟大的批判现实主义作家。8.The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking.他所能做的只是保持一种充满希望的乐观主义。9.Whatever his limitations, this man is loved and admired by the millions, not only for the practical reform his works have helped to bring about but also for that heart which is r
15、eady to love and sympathize.不管狄更斯有何局限性，他都深受人民大众喜爱，不仅因为他的作品促进社会改良，更因为他那颗善良博爱之心。10.In his works, Dickens sets out a full map and a Large-scale criticism of the nineteenth century England, particularly London.在他的作品中，狄更斯对世纪的英国，特别是伦敦做出了全面地描绘及大量的批评。11.His early works contain Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleb
16、y, The Pickwick Paper(legal fraud), David Copperfield and Martin Chuzzlewit.他的早期作品包括雾都孤儿，尼古拉斯尼克尔比，皮克威克外传（合法欺骗），大卫科波菲尔和马丁瞿述伟等等。12.This youthful brightness and optimism is also manifest in the constant jokes and laughter.作者青年时期的这种明朗与乐观还体现在作品的幽默与笑料中。13.His later works contain A tale of two Cities, Blea
17、k House, Little Dorrit, Hard Times and Great Expectations.后期作品包括双城记，荒凉山庄，小多利特，艰难时世和远大前程。14.Charles Dickens is a master story-teller.狄更斯具有惊人的讲故事能力。15.Dickensworks are also characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.狄更斯的作品还有一个特点，是将幽默与哀伤的泪水交汇起来。16.Sometimes Dickens seems so anxious to wring an ext
18、ra tear from the audience that he indulges himself in excessive sentimental melodrama and spoils the story.有时狄更斯会将作品写的令读者潸然泪下，但由于他过于注重悲情的渲染，有时会破坏故事的连贯性。17.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest Victorian writers, and his name one of those to be remembered forever.狄更斯是英国文学史上能与莎士比亚齐名的文学巨人，他的作品与人格都将永远留
19、在人民心中。(II)The Bronte Sisters布朗蒂姐妹18.Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, and their gifted sister Anne Bronte came from a large family of Irish origin.夏洛蒂.布朗蒂，艾米丽.布朗蒂，安妮.布朗蒂三姐妹出生于爱尔兰裔的大户人家。19.Charlottes second novel, Jane Eyre, won immediate success when it appeared in 1847. In the same year, Emilys singl
20、e and unique work Wuthering Heights and Annes Agnes Grey were also published.夏洛蒂的第二部小说简爱问世后立即大获成功。同年，艾米丽唯一的小说呼啸山庄与安妮的阿格尼斯.格雷也相继发行。20.Charlottes works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing
21、for love, understanding and a full, happy life.夏洛蒂的作品主题几乎都是个人自觉地为实现自我价值而奋斗，都是有关一些孤独而卑微的少女对爱情，理解与完整幸福的生活的强烈渴求。21.In her mind, mans life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil.在她看来，人生就是一场永不停息的罪恶与美德的斗争。22.All her heroineshighest joy arises from some sacrifice of self or s
22、ome human weakness overcome.她小说中的女主人公最大的快乐都来自一些自我牺牲后或个人弱点被战胜后获得的幸福。23.She is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On one hand, she presents a vivid realism picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy and other evils of the upper classes, and by showing the misery and
23、suffering of the poor. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by an intensity of vision and passion.她还是集现实主义与浪漫主义于一身的作家。一方面，她真实生动的再现了英国上流社会的残酷，虚伪及其他丑恶现象以及下层贫苦人民的不幸。另一方面，她的笔下充盈这美好的情与景。24.Jane Eyre: It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society. The success of the novel is
24、 also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.简爱：它以对当时社会尖锐的批评而闻名于世。小说的成功在于它在英国小说史上第一次成功的塑造出了家庭教师的女主人公形象。25.The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience.小说通过对简热烈的情感，思想以及内心冲突的生动描写，向读者展示出了一幅心灵画
25、卷。26.Wuthering Heights: It is the story about two families and an intruding stranger.呼啸山庄讲的是两个家庭与一个外来者的故事。(III)Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗雷德.丁尼生27.He was appointed the Poet Laureate.丁尼生被授予“桂冠诗人”的荣誉。28.Tennysons poetic career is also marked out by Idylls of the King (the Celtic legends of King Arthur).丁尼生另一部代
26、表作是国王诗歌集，故事源于凯尔特民族关于亚瑟王与他的圆桌骑士的传说。29.For one thing, the moral standards and sentiments reflected in the poem belong to the Victorians rather than to the medieval royal people. For the other, the story of the rise and fall of King Arthur is, in fact, meant to represent a cyclic history of western civ
27、ilization.其一是因为诗中道德标准及情感都属于维多利亚并非中世纪的贵族；其二是因为故事中亚瑟王的崛起与衰败其实就是西方文明周而复始的历史写照。（国王诗集并不是古代传奇简单的翻版，而是对古典神话的现代诠释？）30.Tennyson is a real artist. He has the natural power of linking visual picture with musical expressions.丁尼生是一位善于将可视的风景图画与极富乐感的表达语汇及多姿多彩的情感非常自然的糅合在一起的艺术家。31.The dreaminess of Spenser, the maje
28、sty of Milton, the natural simplicity of Wordsworth, the fantasy of Blake and Coleridge, the melody of Keats and Shelley, and the narrative vigor of Scott and Byron.丁尼生的创作不仅体现了他自身的天才，还体现了英国灿烂的诗歌传统，从斯宾塞的梦幻到弥尔顿的壮丽，从华兹华斯的自然简洁到布莱克与科勒律治的奇异诡谲，从雪莱与济慈的旋律美到司格特与拜伦的叙事天才，这一切丰富多彩的品质都在丁尼生笔下有所体现。(IV).Robert Browni
29、ng罗伯特.布朗宁32.Like Brownings other characters in their monologues, these people unconsciously reveal their own characters in the story.正像布朗宁其他独白作品种的人物，这些人也不自觉地通过讲述故事暴露了自己的性格特点。33.The name of Browning is often associated with the term:“dramatic monologue.”指环与书一诗使布朗宁成为英国最伟大的诗人之一。34. To Browning, the dra
30、matic monologue is an ingenious means to exploit his literary gift without getting too personal.对布朗宁来说，戏剧独白是一种既能开发文才，又可与角色保持一定距离的灵活方式。(V)George Eliot乔治.艾略特35.Then there came successively her three most popular novels, Adam Bede, The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner.而后她的三部代表作相继问世：亚当.贝德、费洛斯河上的磨房以及织工
31、拉斯.马奈尔36.In1872，Middlemarch, a panoramic book considered today by many to be George Eliots greatest achievement.1872年，弥都玛持镇问世，这部作品是她最好的作品。37.By joining the worlds of inward propensity and outward circumstances and showing them both operating in the lives of her characters, she initiates a new type o
32、f realism and sets into motion a variety of developments, leading in the direction of both the naturalistic and psychological novel.通过将自己的内心世界与外在环境结合起来，并把两者注入对角色的塑造之中，艾略特开创了一种新型的现实主义，并进一步朝着自然主义与心理分析小说发展。38.In her works, she seeks to present the inner struggle of a soul and to reveal the motives, imp
33、ulses and hereditary influences which govern human action.在作品中，她努力的表现人们灵魂深处的斗争，揭示那种驾驭人类行为的动机，冲动及遗传影响。39.George Eliot shows a particular concern for the destiny of women, especially those with great intelligence, potential and social aspirations.艾略特特别关心女性的命运，尤其是那些才华出众，渴望步入社会的女性。40.In her mind, the pa
34、thetic tragedy of women lies in their very birth.艾略特认为女人的不幸是出生时就随身带来的。41.Middlemarch: but both fail in achieving their goals owing to the social environment as well as their own vulnerabilities.弥都玛持镇：小说的两个女性主角都具有潜在资质与雄雄野心，但都因为社会环境与自身弱点的限制没能达到人生目标。(VI)Thomas Hardy托马斯.哈代42.his last two novels: Tess of
35、 the DUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure.他的最后两部小说是德伯家的苔丝与无名的裘德。43.His best local-colored works are his later ones, such as The Return of the Native, The Trumpet Major, The Mayor of Casterbridge, The Woodlanders, Tess of the DUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure. These works, known as “novels of character
36、and environment,”are the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.他晚年的作品最富地方色彩，如还乡，号兵长，卡斯特桥市长，林地居民，德伯家的苔丝与无名的裘德这些作品便是著名的“角色与环境为纲的小说”，最好的代表了作者自然主义与批判主义的写作特点。44.Tess, a simple, innocent and faithful country girl. She finally becomes a victim of the modern society
37、.苔丝，一个单纯忠诚的乡村女孩，她最后成为了现代社会的牺牲品。45.Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer.哈代常被认为是一位承前启后的作家。46.In his works, man is shown inevitably bound by his own inherent nature and hereditary traits which prompt him to go and search for some specific happiness or success and set him in conflict with th
38、e environment.哈代作品中的人物都不可避免的屈从于自身的天性或遗传的品质，促使他追求某一种幸福成功，从而又使自己陷入与环境的冲突中。47.He is a meditative story-teller or romancer.他是个善于深入思考的故事家。48.They are not only individual cases but also universal truth.他们不仅个别的例子，还是普遍的真理。49.Their plight is not just their own; it applies to any one, any age. And finally, al
39、l the works of Hardy are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor which fits well into their perfectly designed architectural structures.他们（小说中的人物）的故事不仅是他们自身的经历，而且具有相当的普遍性。最后，哈代的作品结构完美，语言极富乡土气息与诗情画意。50.Tess of the DUrbervilles: There she meets Angel Clare, son of a clergyman. It is a fierce
40、attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction of the English peasantry towards the end of the century.德伯家的苔丝：苔丝远离故土，外出谋生，与牧师之子安吉尔相识相爱。这部小说抨击了当时扭曲人性的虚伪道德，抨击了破坏乡村宁静的资本主义价值观。【英国】Chapter 5The Modern Period现代时期1.The once sun-neve
41、r-set Empire finally collapsed.日不落帝国终于日薄西山了。2.Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher, started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition.德国哲学家亚瑟.叔本华的悲观主义与反理性哲学强调了人的意愿与直觉的重要性。3.Friedrich Nietzsche advocated the doctrines of power and superman and by comple
42、tely rejecting the Christian morality.尼采继承了叔本华的理论后，更进一步的反叛理性主义与基督教精神，推崇强权与霸权。4.Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy, which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness.亨利.伯格森在前人基础上创立了非理性哲学，强调创造力，直觉，非理性与无意识。5.The appalling shock of the First World War seve
43、rely destroyed peoples faith in the Victorian values.一战的毁灭性灾难摧垮了人们对维多利亚道德标准的信奉。6.The French symbolism, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.19世纪晚期法国的象征主义预示了现代主义的诞生。7.literary trends of modernism: expressionism, surrealism, futurism, Dadaism, imagism and stream of consciousness.一战后，
44、所有的现代主义文学潮流都产生了：表现主义（强调自我表现，反对艺术的目的性），超现实主义，未来主义，达达主义（颓废派文艺），意象主义以及意识流等等。8.The major figures were Kafka, Picasso, Pound, Webern, Ts Eliot, Joyce and Virginia Woolf.这场运动的杰出代表人物有卡夫卡，毕加索，庞德，韦伯恩，T.S.埃略特，乔伊斯及费洛尼亚.沃尔夫。9.After the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentia
45、list literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that “the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony.”二战后，另一种形式的现实主义，即后现代主义，比如存在主义文学，荒诞派戏剧，新小说及黑色幽默，如雨后春笋涌现出来，其理论基础便是存在主义所讲的“世界是荒谬的，人生则是巨大的痛苦”。10.Modernism takes the irrational ph
46、ilosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.现代主义以非理性哲学和精神分析原理作为理论基础。11.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.现代派文学的主题便是反映人与自然，人与社会，人与人，人与自我之间被扭曲的
47、，渐渐疏远的，病态的关系。12.As a result, the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel, anti-poetry and anti-drama.这样一来，现代主义作品常被称为反小说，反诗歌与反戏剧。13.With the coming of the 1950s, there was a return of realistic poetry again.50年代，现实主义诗歌又开始回溯。14.D.H.Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary a
48、s Joyce in novel writing. His interest lay in his tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist Industrialization on human nature. In his best novels like The Rainbow and Women in Love, he made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships. D.H.劳 伦斯被认为和乔伊斯一样大胆改革小说创作手法，与乔伊斯不同，劳伦斯对写作技巧的改革不感兴趣，依然沿袭传统的完整的故事情节，但他极力展现角色的心理发 展，尖锐的批判了资本主义工业化对人性的非人道的扭曲。在他最优秀的作品中，如虹，恋爱中的女人，劳伦斯大胆的探索了各种人性心理，人际关系，尤 其是男人与女人之间的关系。15.by the whole capitalis