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1、特殊句式语法知识精讲特殊句式一、考点梳理。1.考查否定词置于句首时的倒装形式 【例】 Never in my wildest dreams_these people are living in such poor conditions. A.I could imagine B.could I imagine C.I couldnt imagine D.couldnt I imagine【答案】B2.考查否定的介词短语置于句首时的倒装形式 【例】Ive tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means_with my progress.
2、 A. the teacher is not satisfied B.is the teacher not satisfied C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied【答案】D【解析】当by no means, in no case, on no condition等表示否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。3.考查soneithernor doI类型的倒装形式【例】(1) My room gets very cold at night. _. A. So is mine B.So mine is C.So do
3、es mine D.So mine does【答案】C【解析】so does mine在此的意思是“我的房间也一样”。表示“也一样”时，so的后面要用倒装语序，故可排除选项B和D。又因为前面一句的谓语动词为实义动词(gets)，所以后面一句要用助动词does，不能用is。所以答案选C。 【例】(2) If Joes wife wont go to the party,_. A. he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will【答案】B【解析】当要表示“也一样不”时，neither后要接倒装语序，故选B。注意
4、不能用either。注意句子的时态。4.考查sothat句式的倒装形式 【例】So difficult_it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A.I did find B.didI find C.I have found D.have I found【答案】B【解析】句子使用的基本句式为sothat结构。按英语语法，当该结构的so置于句首时，其后的句子（主句）要用倒装语序。5.考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装形式 【例】 Only then_ how much damage had been ca
5、used. A. she realized B.she had realized C had she realized D.did she realize【答案】D 6.考查表语或状语置于句首时的倒装形式 【例】(1) At the foot of the mountain_. A.a village lie B.lies a village C. does a village lie D.lying a village【答案】B【解析】将地点状语at the foot of the mountain置于句首，其后要用完全倒装。其正常语序为：A village lies at the foot
6、 of the mountain. 【例】(2) Just in front of our house_with a history of l,000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B.stands a tall tree C.a tall tree is standing D.atall tree stands【答案】B【解析】其正常语序为：A tall tree stands just in front of our house with a history of l,000 years.7. 考查强调结构的基本形式 即考查It iswas.thatwh
7、o.这一强调句式的用法，其考点主要涉及句首it的正确使用（通常用this，that, he，she等进行干扰），句中that/who的正确使用（通常用what, which，how，when，since，before，after，as等进行干扰）等。 【例】(1) David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature_hechose the course. A. that B.what C.why D. how【答案】A【解析】考查“It was+被强调部分+that”这一强调句式，被强调部分为介词短语becau
8、se of his strong interest in literature. 【例】(2)I dont mind her criticizing me, but_is how she does it that I object to. A. it B.that C.this D. which【答案】A8.考查强调结构特殊疑问句形式 前面已经讲到，强调结构It iswas.thatwho.的特殊疑问句形式为“疑问词+is/was it that.”。遇到这类题时，关键是要能够识别它是强调结构，同时根据句意或句子成分确定相应疑问词的选择。 【例】(1)-_that he manage to g
9、et the information? -Oh，a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B.What was it C How was it D. Why was it【答案】C【解析】考查强调结构的特殊疑问句形式，根据答语的意思可知，问句用疑问词how最合适。how在此表示方式。 【例】(2)I just wonder_that makes him so excited. A. why it does B.what he does: C.how it is D. what it is【答案】D【解析】考查强调结构的特殊疑问句形式。由于其中的动词
10、makes缺主语，说明空格处应填一个能用作主语的疑问句，由此可排除A、c，故可确定正确答案只能在B和D之间；再根据强调结构的基本句式“疑问词+is/was it that.”可知，答案只能是D。9综合考查强调结构和not.until.句式 not.until.句式用于强调结构时，其基本结构为it is/was not until.that.，命题切入点主要有三个方面：一是考查It iswas not until的正确形式（通常用其肯定式进行干扰）；二是考查其中的that的正确用法（通常用when等干扰）；三是考查not until后的词序（应用正常词序；但可能用倒装词序来干扰）。 【例】 (1
11、) It_we had stayed together for a couple of weeks_I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B.was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that【答案】D【解析】此题考查not.until.句式的强调形式It was not until.that.的用法。注意不要想当然地将其中的that换成when。 【例】 (2) It was not until she got home_Jennifer realized she
12、had lost her keys. A. when B.that C.where D.before【答案】B10综合考查强调结构和notbut句式 综合考查强调结构与notbut句式所采用的命题形式通常为It iswas not.but.that.形式。 【例】(1) It is not who is right but what is right_is of importance. A. which B.it C.that D. this【答案】C【解析】此题考查It is.that.这一强调句式，被强调的是not who is right but what is right，该句意为：重
13、要的不是谁是对的，而是什么才是对的。 有时考查notbut的同义结构.rather than.与强调结构的综合运用。例如： 【例】 (2) It is what you do rather than what you say_matters. A. that B.what C.which D.this【答案】A【解析】被强调成分为what you do rather than what you say句意为：重要的是你怎么做，而不是你怎么说。二、要点点拨一、完全倒装 1. here, there, away, down, in, up, off, out, now, then, next等表方
14、位的副词或时间副词放在句首，且句子主语为名词时。Here comes the bus.公共汽车朝这儿开过来了。 【例】For a moment nothing happened Then all shouting together. A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come 【答案】B 2表地点的介词短语作状语位于句首时。 In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. 在英国一所大学的演讲厅里坐着一位教授。 F
15、rom the valley came a frightening sound. 从山谷里传来了一阵可怕的声音。 3形容词、-ed分词、-ing分词或介词短语作表语置于句首，强调表语时，或为保持句子结构平衡用倒装。 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.怀特教授和很多其他客人出席了会议。（形容词） Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people 他们对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。（过去分词）
16、4在there be句型中，要用完全倒装。 二、部分倒装 1only+副词介词短语状语从句位于句首时。但only+主语位于句首不倒装。 Only in this way can you master English. 只有用这种方式你才能掌握英语。 Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他返回时，我们才能发现真相。 2. hardly., when,., no sooner., than., never, not, no longer，little，not until，seldom，in no time， nowhere等否定副
17、词、否定的介词短语和连词位于句首时。 Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师来他才完成家庭作业。 Never before have I seen such, a moving film.我以前从未看过一部如此感人的电影。【例】Not until I came home last night _ to bed. A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装语序的用法。not until 位于句首时要用半倒装的句型，把助动词did
18、提到主语Mum的前面。所以答案为：B 【例】Little about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care 【答案】A 3sothat中的so，以及such.that.中的such.位于句首时。 So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself. 他开车太粗心了，差一点送了自己的命。 Such a lovely boy
19、is he that we all like him. 他是如此可爱的一个男孩以至于我们都喜欢他。 So frightened was he that he dared not go out.他如此害怕以至于他不敢出去。 【例】So sudden _that the enemy had no time to escape. A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 【答案】C【解析】本题考查倒装，so .that., such .that.的句子结构中，若so, such 和与其所修饰的词置于
20、句首，实行部分倒装，又sudden是形容词，作表语，所以选C。 4副词形容词名词动词过去分词+ as/though引导的让步状语从句。【例】Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to got some work experience. A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though 【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句的用法。Though/as引导让步状语从句时要采用倒装语序，把表语，状语或动词原形提到though前构成倒装句。Unsatisfied
21、though he was=though he was unsatisfied.【例】 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though【答案】A【例】Try as he might,he didnt succeed. 尽管他尽了力，还是没成功。 5在if引导的虚拟条件句中，if省略，were，had与should移到主语前。 Should it not ra
22、in, the crops would die. 如果不下雨，庄稼就要枯死了。 6not only., but also.连接并列分句且置于句首时前倒后不倒，但连接并列主语时不倒装。【例】The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _ , but students became more interested in the lessons. A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was saved D. was
23、saved teachers energy【答案】B。【解析】句意为：计算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师节省能量，而且学生对课程更感兴趣。考查“not only.but also.”， 放在句首作状语，句子则进行部分倒装。前一部分倒装，后一部分不倒装。 Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadnt done a very good repair job either. 修车厂不仅对我超额收费，而且维修工作还很差。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also
24、medical treatment will be provided for people who need it. 不仅帮助人们寻找工作。而且也将提供医疗给那些需要的人。 7neither., nor.连接并列分句且置于句首时前后都倒装，但连接并列主语时不倒装。 Neither is he clever,nor does he work hard. 他既不聪明也不努力。 8neither/nor/no more表否定位于句首时；so表肯定位于句首时。so+助动词十主语前后主语不一样，表示前面的情况也适用于后者。主语十助动词+ so表示某人做了那件事。so+主语十助动词前后主语一致，表示确实如
25、此。“So do I”在口语中常说成“Me too”。I like fresh fruit我喜欢新鲜水果。Me too（ So do I）我也喜欢。 They love having lots of friends;so do those with disabilities.他们喜欢有很多的朋友，残疾人也一样。 He came last night,and so did I. 他昨晚来了，我也是。省略 （一）、定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略；当先行词是reason，place时，作状语的关系副词why，whose也可省略。 I don
26、t know the reason (why) he was late for class.我不知道他上课迟到的原因。 （二）、状语从句中的省略现象 1当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且谓语动词为be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词，这时从句中可出现如下结构： (1)连词(as，as if,once)+名词 As (he was)a young man,he used to be a store keeper.他年轻时当过店员。 (2)连词(though, whether, when)+形容词 Work hard when (you are) young,or youll regre
27、t.年轻的时候努力学习，否则你就会后悔。 (3)连词(whether,as if， while)+介词短语 He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something他四处看，好像在找什么东西。 (4)连词(when, while, though)+现在分词 While(1 was) walking along the street,I heard my name called.当我正沿街走的时候，听到有人叫我的名字。 (5)连词(when,ifeven if ,unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词 T
28、he exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected. 这个展览比预料的更有趣。 (6)连词(as if,as though) + 不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak. 他张开嘴，好像要说话。 2当从句中主语是it，且谓语动词中又含有be动词时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever)+形容词的结构。 Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not. refer to the dictio
29、nary除非需要，你最好不要查字典。 另外，我们还可以用so或not替代上文内容，此时可构成if+ so/not的省略句式： Get up early tomorrow. If not (you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus. 明天早点儿起床。否则的话，你会错过第一班公交车的。 He may not be at home then,if so (he is not at home) ,leave him a note 他那时可能不在家，如果是那样的话，给他留张字条。 3不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 (1)代替动词不定式后被
30、省略的动词，常跟在expect，forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want,wish等词的后面。 I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to. 我要求他去看电影，但他不想去。 (2)跟在have，need，ought, be going，used等词的后面。 I didnt want to go there,but I had to. 我不想去那儿，但我不得不去。 (3)跟在某些形容词如glad，happy，pleased，delighted
31、，afraid，anxious，eager，ready，willing等的后面。 Will you join in the game ?你要加入游戏中吗？ Id be glad to我很高兴加入。 (4)不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常见的这类动词有：allow, ask, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, wish,warn等。 He didnt come,though we had invited him to (come). 虽然我们邀请了他，但他却没来。 (5)不定式在chance，courage，time等名词后作定语时，连
32、to也可省略。 He will never go abroad even if he has a chance (to go abroad).即使他有一次机会，他也不出国。 (6)否定形式的省略用not to。 Shall I go instead of him?我该代替他去吗？ I prefer not to但愿不要。 (7)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 Are you a sailor?你是个水手吗？ No，but I used to be不，但我以前是。 He hasnt finished yet他还没完成。 Well，
33、he ought to have.哦，他本该已经完成了。 4惯用的省略结构 (1)无动词祈使句和无主句祝愿语，句尾往往用感叹号。 If only I could remember his name! 要是我能记住他的名字多好啊！ (2) How/What about句型 What about some more milk?再喝一点牛奶，好吗？ (3)Why not do?句型 ， Why not go at once?为什么不立即走呢？ 【例】Some of you may have finished unit one. _, you can go on to unit two.A. If y
34、ou may B. If you do C. If not D. If so【答案】D 强调句1使用某些词来表示强调，如so，such，really和just。 Our classmates were so excited when they were listening to her speech 当他们听她的演讲时是如此的激动。 I have never seen such a beautiful picture before. 我从来就没有见过这么美的画。2如果要强调句中谓语动词以外的其他部分，我们可以使用“It+be+被强调部分+that从句”的句型。 A)我们可以用这个句型强调句中的
35、主语、宾语或状语。下列例句表明如何强调句子中的不同部分： I saw Mr. White in the park last Sunday. 上周日我在公园看见White先生了。 It was l who saw Mr. White in the park last Sunday.（强调主语） 上周日是我在公园看见White先生的。 It was Mr. White whom/that I saw in the park last Sunday.（强调宾语） 上周日我在公园看见的是White先生。 It was in the park that I saw Mr. White last Sund
36、ay.（强调地点状语） 上周日我是在公园看到White先生的。 It was last Sunday that I saw Mr. White in the park（强调时间状语） 我是上周日在公园看到White先生的。 如果被强调的部分是一个人或一群人，我们使用who或that引导从句。 B)当被强调的主语是代词时，我们通常用其宾格形式。 It was me who went to Canada last summer. 就是我去年夏天去了加拿大。 C)这种强调结构也可用于疑问句。 Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the stre
37、et? 你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？ Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是谁告诉你这么件事的？ Why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday? 究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会？ D)我们还可使用“It was not until. that”这个句型强调时间状语。 It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recognized him. 直到他摘掉墨镜我才认出他来。 3如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中
38、的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词do或did。 Many of the films are from the USA,but we do give awards to films from other countries. 许多电影是来自于美国，但我们的确也给其他国家的影片颁奖。 He did come to see you last Sunday,but you were out. 他上周日的确来看过你，但是你出去了。【例】It was _ he came bank from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry
39、.A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when【答案】C 【解析】本题考查强调句型。此处not until he came bank from Africa that year为被强调的部分。【即时巩固】1It wasnt until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan. A. whereB. thatC. whyD. when【答案】B考点：考查not until的强调句结构2.The world is more forgiving than
40、 commonly _, so we should be optimistic about life.A. declaredB. promotedC. supposedD. required【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：世界比一般人想象的要宽容的多，所以我们应该对生活感到乐观。题干中含有省略句，可还原成The world is more forgiving than it is commonly supposed. declare：宣布，声明 promote：粗均，提升 suppose：假定，猜想 require：要求。根据语境可知“这个世界比一般人们猜想的那个世界要宽容的多”，故选C.考
41、点：考查省略句3 Do you know _ they got to know each other? It was last year _ they both taught English in China.A when was it that; when B when it was that; thatC when it was that; when D when was it that; that【答案】 C【解析】试题分析： 句意：你知道他们是什么时候认得彼此的吗？-是去年当时他们都在中国教英语。第一空使用了强调句的特殊疑问句，因为是宾语从句，所以语序是陈述句，排除AD，第二空填whe
42、n，因为这是定语从句，先行词是last year，定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以选C。考点：考查强调句和定语从句 4.He is a good cook at home and takes good care of the children, and _his wife.A. so does B. so is C. the same is true with D. so it is with【答案】D考点：考查固定句型5Correct the errors in the following sentences, if .Anot B necessary CanyDever 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查省略句：句意：纠正下面句子中的错误，如果有的话。If any=if there are any mistakes，if not如果不，if necessary如果有必要，if ever如果曾经有过，选C。考点：考查省略句